Sustainability in Ruminant Livestock: management and marketing

Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Book
Contents
About the Authors
Abbreviations
1: Prelusion Significance of Livestock
	1.1 Etymology and Legal Definition
	1.2 Domestication
		1.2.1 History of Domestication
		1.2.2 Domestication of Major Livestock Species
			1.2.2.1 Cattle
			1.2.2.2 Sheep
			1.2.2.3 Goat
			1.2.2.4 Horse
	1.3 Public Acceptability and Demand for Livestock Products
	1.4 Nutrient for Biological Process
	1.5 Production System
		1.5.1 Production Efficiency and Emissions
	1.6 Integrated Farming System
	1.7 Precision Livestock Farming
	1.8 Sustainable Livestock Farming
	References
2: Mass Balance Concept in Livestock Farming
	2.1 Phosphorus Flow Across Livestock Production System
		2.1.1 Monitoring P Mass Balance
	2.2 Nitrogen Monitoring in Livestock Production System
	2.3 Water Balance in Livestock Farming
	2.4 Energy Balance Across the Livestock Production System
		2.4.1 Mass Flow of Energy Across Livestock Farming
	References
3: Goat and Sheep Farming
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Small Ruminant Genetic Resources
		3.2.1 Goat Breeds
			3.2.1.1 Dairy Goat Breeds
				Alpine
				Beetal
				Damascus
				Damani
				Jamunapari
				Jakhrana
				Kamori
				La Mancha
				Laoshan
				Malabari
				Nubian
				Oberhasli
				Saanen
				Sangamneri
				Surti
				Toggenburg
			3.2.1.2 Meat Goat breeds
				Black Bengal
				Criollo
				Chappar
				Kambing Katjang or Pea
				Kiko
				Nachi
				Khari
				Mubende
				Maradi or Red Sokoto
				Nigerian Dwarf
				Kalahari Red
				Creole
				Savanna
				Pygmy
				Small East African
				Boer
				Sudanese Desert
				Syrian Mountain
			3.2.1.3 Fibre Goat breeds
				Angora goat
				Atlai Mountain
				Cashmere
				Kurdi
				White Himalayan
				Zhongwei
				Abaza
				Chyngra
				Jining Grey
				Nigora
		3.2.2 Sheep Breeds
			3.2.2.1 Merino
			3.2.2.2 Leicester Long Wool
			3.2.2.3 Rambouillet
			3.2.2.4 Suffolk
			3.2.2.5 Cheviot
			3.2.2.6 Southdown
			3.2.2.7 Lincoln
			3.2.2.8 Dorset
			3.2.2.9 Polled Dorset
			3.2.2.10 Corriedale
			3.2.2.11 Dorper
			3.2.2.12 Hampshire
			3.2.2.13 Suffolk
			3.2.2.14 American Black Bellied/Barbados.
			3.2.2.15 Jacob
			3.2.2.16 Malpura
			3.2.2.17 Patanwadi
			3.2.2.18 Muzaffarnagari
			3.2.2.19 Magra
			3.2.2.20 Marwari
			3.2.2.21 Mandya
			3.2.2.22 Mecheri
			3.2.2.23 Sonadi
			3.2.2.24 Changthangi
			3.2.2.25 Chokla
			3.2.2.26 Awassi
	3.3 Production Traits for Small Ruminant Improvement
		3.3.1 Production Traits
			3.3.1.1 Milk Yield Traits
			3.3.1.2 Growth Traits
			3.3.1.3 Fibre/Hair
			3.3.1.4 Wool Traits
		3.3.2 Production Parameters in Goats
		3.3.3 Production Parameters in Sheep
		3.3.4 Genetic Defects
	3.4 Care and Management of Goats
		3.4.1 Age Determination and Body Condition Score
		3.4.2 Management of Breeding Bucks
		3.4.3 Age at First Mating
		3.4.4 Heat Detection
		3.4.5 Gestation Period
		3.4.6 Breeding and Kidding Management
		3.4.7 Weaning Management
	3.5 Management Practices of Sheep
		3.5.1 Care During Lambing
		3.5.2 Body Condition Score and Age Determination in Sheep
		3.5.3 Castrating and Docking
		3.5.4 Shearing
		3.5.5 Breeding Soundness
	3.6 Feeding of Small Ruminants
	3.7 Housing
	3.8 Disease Control
		3.8.1 Biosecurity Measures
		3.8.2 Goat and Sheep Diseases
	3.9 Energy Management in Goat and Sheep Farming
	3.10 Value-Added Biopharmaceuticals from Goat Farming
	References
4: Cattle and Buffaloes Farming
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Cattle Breeds
		4.2.1 Dairy Breeds
			4.2.1.1 Jersey
			4.2.1.2 Holstein Friesian
			4.2.1.3 Brown Swiss
			4.2.1.4 Red Dane
			4.2.1.5 Ayrshire
			4.2.1.6 Guernsey
			4.2.1.7 Gir
			4.2.1.8 Red Sindhi
			4.2.1.9 Sahiwal
		4.2.2 Draught Breeds
			4.2.2.1 Hallikar
			4.2.2.2 Amritmahal
			4.2.2.3 Khillari
			4.2.2.4 Kangayam
			4.2.2.5 Bargur
			4.2.2.6 Umblachery
			4.2.2.7 Pulikulam
			4.2.2.8 Alambadi
		4.2.3 Dual-Purpose Breeds
			4.2.3.1 Tharparkar
			4.2.3.2 Hariana
			4.2.3.3 Kankrej
			4.2.3.4 Ongole
			4.2.3.5 Krishna Valley
			4.2.3.6 Deoni
	4.3 Buffalo Production
		4.3.1 Buffalo Breeds
			4.3.1.1 Banni
			4.3.1.2 Bhadawari
			4.3.1.3 Chilika
			4.3.1.4 Jaffarabadi
			4.3.1.5 Kalahandi
			4.3.1.6 Marathwadi
			4.3.1.7 Mehsana
			4.3.1.8 Murrah
			4.3.1.9 Nagpuri
			4.3.1.10 Nili Ravi
			4.3.1.11 Pandharpuri
			4.3.1.12 Surti
			4.3.1.13 Toda
			4.3.1.14 Kundi
			4.3.1.15 Lime
			4.3.1.16 Mediterranean Buffalo
			4.3.1.17 Anatolian
			4.3.1.18 Azeri or Caucasian
			4.3.1.19 Bulgarian Murrah
			4.3.1.20 Egyptian
			4.3.1.21 Kuhzestani or Iraqi Buffalo
	4.4 Genetic Improvement
		4.4.1 Selection for Improving Growth and Milk Production
		4.4.2 Genetic Improvement in Buffaloes
		4.4.3 Selection Methods
		4.4.4 Crossbreeding
		4.4.5 Grading Up
		4.4.6 Forming New Lines or Breeds
		4.4.7 Genetic Defects
	4.5 Care and Management
		4.5.1 Age and Body Condition Score
		4.5.2 Calf Management
		4.5.3 Heifer Management
		4.5.4 Lactating Animal Management
		4.5.5 Dry and Pregnant Animal Management
		4.5.6 Bull Management
		4.5.7 Bullock Management
	4.6 Feeding Requirement
	4.7 Housing
	4.8 Health Care at Different Stages of Growth and Development
		4.8.1 Maintaining Biosecurity
		4.8.2 Diseases
			4.8.2.1 Anthrax
			4.8.2.2 Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
			4.8.2.3 Tuberculosis
			4.8.2.4 Black Quarter
			4.8.2.5 Mastitis
			4.8.2.6 Brucellosis
			4.8.2.7 Foot Rot
			4.8.2.8 Calf Scours
			4.8.2.9 Listeriosis
			4.8.2.10 Actinomycosis
			4.8.2.11 Actinobacillosis
			4.8.2.12 Paratuberculosis
			4.8.2.13 Foot and Mouth disease (FMD)
			4.8.2.14 Malignant Catarrhal Fever
			4.8.2.15 Bovine Viral Diarrhoea
			4.8.2.16 Rabies
			4.8.2.17 Buffalo Pox
			4.8.2.18 Babesiosis
			4.8.2.19 Theileriosis
			4.8.2.20 Trypanosomiasis
			4.8.2.21 Coccidiosis
			4.8.2.22 Mad Cow Disease (BSE)
			4.8.2.23 Leptospirosis
		4.8.3 Metabolic Disorders
			4.8.3.1 Milk Fever
			4.8.3.2 Bloat
			4.8.3.3 Ketosis
			4.8.3.4 Hypomagnesaemia
	References
5: Factors Influencing Livestock Way of Life
	5.1 Climate Change on Livestock
		5.1.1 Adaptation and Livestock Productivity
	5.2 Thermal Stress on Livestock Growth and Development
	5.3 Climate Change and Animal Production
		5.3.1 Lactation
		5.3.2 Growth
		5.3.3 Reproduction
		5.3.4 Livestock Diseases
		5.3.5 Feed Intake and Rumen Physiology
		5.3.6 Oxidative Stress
		5.3.7 Immunity
	5.4 Mitigation of Environmental Stress
	5.5 Water Requirements for Livestock Production
		5.5.1 Water Requirements for Livestock
	References
6: Sustainable Livestock Farming
	6.1 Livestock as Driving Force for Food Security
	6.2 Livestock Products
		6.2.1 Food Products from Livestock
		6.2.2 Value-Added Products from Livestock
	6.3 Livestock Influencing Environment
		6.3.1 Greenhouse Gas Linked to Livestock Farming
		6.3.2 Pastureland Sustainability
		6.3.3 Bioaccumulation of Antibiotic
	6.4 Measures to Prevent Adverse Environmental Impacts
		6.4.1 Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas from Livestock
		6.4.2 Mitigation Practice Through Manure Monitoring
		6.4.3 Animal Productivity and Mitigation Practices
		6.4.4 Social Dimension
		6.4.5 Sustainable Organic Livestock Farming
		6.4.6 Generation of Energy and Organic Manure
	6.5 Good Animal Health
	6.6 Livestock Feeds
	6.7 Livestock and Global Food Security
	6.8 Association of International Organizations with Livestock Monitoring
	6.9 Sustainable Development Goals and Livestock Management
	References
7: Conceptual Development of Livestock Supply Chain Management
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Livestock Products Supply Chain Management
		7.2.1 Milk Supply Chain Management
		7.2.2 Meat Supply Chain Management
		7.2.3 Therapeutic Proteins from Livestock
		7.2.4 Livestock Skin Supply Chain
	7.3 Livestock and Cold Chain Logistics
		7.3.1 Facility Growth
		7.3.2 Clinical Logistics and Patent Rights
		7.3.3 Logistics Trends
		7.3.4 Capacity Addition
		7.3.5 Cold Chain Operation
		7.3.6 Carrier Logistic
		7.3.7 Packaging Technology
		7.3.8 Cloud Computing
	7.4 Supply Chain Risk Management
	7.5 Logistics Operation
	7.6 Order Management
		7.6.1 Inventory Planning and Control
			7.6.1.1 Transit Inventory
			7.6.1.2 Buffer Inventory
			7.6.1.3 Anticipation Inventory
			7.6.1.4 Decoupling Inventory
			7.6.1.5 Cycle Inventory
	7.7 Concept and Significance of Inventory Management
		7.7.1 Warehouse Management
		7.7.2 Transportation vs. Supply Chain Management
		7.7.3 Flow of Manufacturing Costs
		7.7.4 Trace Link and Serialization of Animal Proteins
		7.7.5 Expiration Date
	7.8 Impact of New Technology Development on Supply Chain
	7.9 Green Logistics and Supply Chain (GLSC)
	7.10 Quality Control
		7.10.1 Objectives of Quality Control
		7.10.2 Quality Control Management
	7.11 Quality Assurance
		7.11.1 Legal Basis for Approval of Biologics from Livestock
	7.12 Quality Control and Supply Chain Integration
	References