Sustainability Engineering for Enhanced Process Design and Manufacturing Profitability: Balancing the Environment through Renewable Resources

Preface
	Overall Book Summary: How It All Fits Together
Acknowledgments, First Edition
Acknowledgments, Second Edition
Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction: Enlightened Self-Interest for the Enthusiastic Capitalist
	1.1 Sustainability: The New Process Engineering Design Optimization Parameter
	1.2 Punch Line: For All My Fellow Engineering Colleagues – Please Take Heart
	1.3 A Bridge to Tomorrow
	1.4 What Is Sustainability Engineering All About?
	1.5 Guiding Principles of Sustainability Engineering: From Present to Future
	1.6 Enter Basic Sustainability Engineering Design Elements
	1.7 The Quality Circle Approach
	1.8 Improving Classic Process Engineering Design: The Key to Success
	1.9 Interconnectedness of Everything
		1.9.1 Quality Management Approach for Complex Interconnected System Operations
		1.9.2 Considerations of Sustainability Engineering
		1.9.3 Combined Manufacturing and Power Generation: “The Only Thing New in the World Is the History You Don’t Know!” (President Harry S. Truman [6])
	1.10 New SE Approach: Integrated Power and Processing Plants
	1.11 The Gasifier as a Swing Unit Operation (SUO)
	1.12 Regulatory Updates for SE
	1.13 The Whole Point of It All
		1.13.1 Great Challenges and Opportunities in Sustainability Engineering
		1.13.2 Sustainability Engineering Approach
	1.14 Summary
	References
Chapter 2: ChE Sustainability Engineering Design Approach: Bread and Butter
	2.1 Classic Process Design Steps
	2.2 Sustainability Engineering Unified and Integrated Process Design Elements Module
	2.3 New Core SE Design Paradigm
	2.4 Process Technology Efficiency: Key to SE Success
		2.4.1 Energy Conservation and Efficiency Improvements: An SE Extender
		2.4.2 Material Conservation and Efficiency Improvements
	2.5 A Note on Process and Product Design Modeling
	2.6 New Overall SE Design Approach
	2.7 Integrated Power and Process Design Engineering Elements: Fitting Together Optimally
	2.8 A 40,000 Foot View: An SE Design and SE Rating Approach
	2.9 Prior to SE Design
	2.10 New Sustainability Approach: Consumer Driven: Process Required
	2.11 SE Design Team Ground Rules: Quality Management Based
	2.12 Slightly More Detailed Sustainable Engineering Process Design Approach
	2.13 Tough SE Nuts to Crack Include
	2.14 Teaching How to Design an Integrated Power and Chemical Production Facility: The SE Way
	2.15 Design Educational Standards: Challenges and Opportunities for SE
	2.16 Only One Chance to Make a First Impression: Efficiency and the Bottom Line
	References
Chapter 3: Material and Energy Sources and Sinks: More Power to You!
	3.1 Seek Out and Combine Energy Sources and Sinks
	3.2 The Btu Is the New Coin of the Realm
	3.3 New Product/Process Design or Process Changes
	3.4 Material and Energy Balances: Nothing Has Changed!
	3.5 Electricity or Motive Power from Steam
	3.6 Energy in General
	3.7 Integrated Power and Chemical Production
	3.8 High Volume—Low-Quality Heat Recovery in the CPI and Elsewhere
		3.8.1 Existing
		3.8.2 New SE
	3.9 Renewable and Other Material Sourcing
	3.10 Gasification: New SE Design Tool for Material and Energy Integration
	3.11 Gasification of Various Organic Resources
	3.12 Gasification Chemistries and Product Pathways
	3.13 CO2 as a Feedstock
	3.14 Material Sourcing Summary
	3.15 Energy Sourcing
		3.15.1 Finite Nonrenewable Resources
		3.15.2 Renewables
	3.16 Common Often Unused (Stranded, Wasted) Energy Sources: A Bridge to SE
	3.17 Onsite Integrated Electricity Generation: An SE Mainstay
	3.18 Common Often Unused (Wasted) Material Sources
	3.19 Material and Energy Integration Approaches: A New Approach for SE
	3.20 SE Classification of Resources for Production
	3.21 Common Commercial Recyclables and Handling
	3.22 SE Design: Bridges to the Future Needing Continued Cost Efficiency Improvement
	3.23 Artificial Leaf Harnesses Sunlight for Efficient Fuel Production [10]
	3.24 Geothermal Energy
		3.24.1 As Source or Sink for Low to Medium Thermal Loads: Residential/Light Commercial
		3.24.2 As a Source/Sink for Large Industrial Loads
	3.25 Other Interesting SE Approaches
	3.26 Summary
	References
Chapter 4: The Efficiency of All Things
	4.1 Efficiency in Our World: Theory Meets Practice
		4.1.1 Good Old Einstein: E = mc2
		4.1.2 Relevant US Energy Policy Driving/Affecting Commercial, Industrial, and Residential Energy Utilization
			4.1.2.1 Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975
			4.1.2.2 The Naval Petroleum Reserves Production Act of 1976
			4.1.2.3 The National Energy Act of 1978
			4.1.2.4 National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987
			4.1.2.5 Energy Policy Act of 2005
			4.1.2.6 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
			4.1.2.7 Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008
			4.1.2.8 The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
			4.1.2.9 Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021: Modernizing US Energy Policy
			4.1.2.10 The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (Largest Energy Investment in US History)
	4.2 Example Efficiency Standards Mandate
	4.3 Some of the More Interesting Fun Facts of Efficiency (Nominal Values)
	4.4 Example: Economic Comparison of Ground Source Heat Pump and High-Efficiency Condensing Furnace
	4.5 Other Efficiency Review Examples
	4.6 Gas/Hybrid/Full Electric Vehicles
	4.7 Home Furnace and Process Industrial Steam Boilers
	4.8 Ground Source (GS) Geothermal Heat Pump
	4.9 Onsite Power Production in CPI Facilities: An SE Efficiency Booster
	4.10 Common Hierarchy of By-Product Utilization[5]
	4.11 Combined Heat and Power (CHP): Efficiency in the Chemical Process Industry
	4.12 Electric Power Generation
	4.13 Power Generation Integrated with Chemical Production: A Key SE Factor
	4.14 HVAC as a Model for Rating SE Efficiency Improvement
		4.14.1 HVAC Standards
		4.14.2 Compressor Technology Efficiency Improvement
		4.14.3 Blower and Pump Motor Efficiency Improvements
	4.15 Process Equipment Efficiency and Performance Curves: Read This Before You Purchase!
		4.15.1 Efficiency Improvements as an SE Energy Extender
		4.15.2 Efficiency Improvements as an SE Material Extender
	4.16 Economics of Process Efficiency
	4.17 Key Item Needed: An SE Equipment Efficiency Rating, a Sort of SE Energy Star Rating
	4.18 Distillation: The Classic Energy Sink and Source
		4.18.1 Contacting Trays and Internals
		4.18.2 Energy Reduction Approaches in Distillation Efficiency Improvement
	4.19 Fans Are Not Air Conditioners
	4.20 Swamp Coolers (Evaporative Cooling)
	4.21 Common Equipment Efficiency Focus Points
	4.22 Energy Performance and Efficiency Consideration of Typical Chemical Process Technology Equipment
	4.23 Engineering Pilot Studies
	4.24 Petroleum Refining Energy Consumption
	4.25 Excerpt from EPA/DOE Petroleum Refining Overview, (Chap. 3, Ref. 8)
		4.25.1 Pumps
		4.25.2 Use Multiple Pumps
		4.25.3 Compressors and Compressed Air
	4.26 Pump Efficiency Example
	4.27 Electric Power Challenges and Opportunities
		4.27.1 Electric Grid/Production Plant Interconnection Challenges
	4.28 Summary
	References
		Additional Resources
Chapter 5: New Product Design and Alternative Process Chemistry: SE Manufacturing Choices
	5.1 Bringing New Chemical Products to Market [1]
	5.2 The Federal Premanufacturing Notification Process (PMN) and Identification of Alternative Chemistry
	5.3 Excerpts from USEPA New Chemicals Program Website at epa.gov
	5.4 New Chemicals
	5.5 What Is the EPA Sustainable Futures Initiative?
	5.6 What Is ECOSAR?
	5.7 How Does ECOSAR Work?
		5.7.1 Note Regarding EPISuite and ECOSAR
	5.8 Excerpt from USEPA Website Regarding ECOSAR
	5.9 Scientific Identification of Your New Chemical: The Starting Point for the PMN
	5.10 The American Chemical Society and the Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS) [3]
	5.11 Introduction to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the USEPA New Chemicals Program
	5.12 Specialty Fertilizer Products (SFP) Case Study: Bringing New Chemicals to Market Sustainably
	5.13 Summary: “Better Chemistry for Living” [4]
	References
		Additional References
Chapter 6: Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health (ESOH) Regulations
	6.1 Overview of Chemical Manufacturing–Related Federal Regulations
	6.2 SE Design Impact
	6.3 Stage Gate “0” Preliminary Process Design Review
	6.4 Hierarchy of Historical Design
	6.5 Major Federal Chemical Manufacturing–Related Regulations
		6.5.1 Clean Air Act (CAA)
		6.5.2 Clean Water Act (CWA)
		6.5.3 Department of Transportation (DOT)
		6.5.4 Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA)
		6.5.5 OSHA
			6.5.5.1 Occupational Chemical Exposure
			6.5.5.2 Part 2 Occupational Bodily Safety
		6.5.6 Pollution Prevention Act (PPA)
		6.5.7 RCRA
		6.5.8 Superfund
		6.5.9 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
			6.5.9.1 ECOSAR and EPISuite
			6.5.9.2 PMN
		6.5.10 TSDF
	6.6 Department of Health and Human Services
		6.6.1 FDA
		6.6.2 USDA
	6.7 Other Manufacturing-Relevant Government Programs
		6.7.1 Energy Star USEPA for Consumers
		6.7.2 DOE Energy Programs for Industry
	6.8 Technology at Your Finger Tips—and Its Free—Well You and I Paid for It, So Use It!
	6.9 Example DOE Industrial Technologies Program (ITP): Summary of Program Results for CY 2009
		6.9.1 Boosting the Productivity and Competitiveness of US Industry 198 Pages PDF Document
	6.10 ESOH Example
		6.10.1 The United States Air Force Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Compliance and Management Practice Program (ESOH-CAMP)
	6.11 Presidential Executive Orders
	6.12 Summary
	References
Chapter 7: ChE SE Technology Equipment and Utilization Toolbox
	7.1 Sustainability Engineering Technical Additions to Classic Design
	7.2 Sustainability Engineering Definition/Criteria: Key SE Principle
	7.3 The Btu as the Coin of the Realm for Sustainability: A Key SE Parameter
	7.4 SE Elements to Coordinate Plant Wide
		7.4.1 Material Manipulation: It All Has to Balance
			7.4.1.1 Gasification: The Premier SE Tool
		7.4.2 Energy Manipulation: Double-Entry Balance with Materials
			7.4.2.1 Heat Exchanger Networks (HEN): Moving Energy from Point A to B Within a Plant
			7.4.2.2 Heat Pumps: The Energy Fulcrum
			7.4.2.3 Process Energy and Steam: Back Together Again for the First Time
		7.4.3 Onsite Power Production
			7.4.3.1 Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) Electric Power Generation: A “Plugin” SE Power Source
			7.4.3.2 Companies That Build and Service Onsite Electricity Generation Systems
		7.4.4 System Integration of Process Materials and Energy and Power for Maximum SE
			7.4.4.1 Material Integration with Onsite and Offsite Distribution
			7.4.4.2 Power Integration and Production for Onsite and Offsite Distribution
			7.4.4.3 Plant-Wide Combining Elements: A Few Common SE Design Process, Utility, and Offsite Needs
	7.5 Some Generic SE Tools for Technology Examples
		7.5.1 Sample Physical Operations Tools in the CPI
		7.5.2 Sample Chemical Reformatting Tools
	7.6 Some SE Tool Descriptions Expanded View
		7.6.1 Algae to Oil: A Material Resource and CO2 Sink
		7.6.2 Bio-methane Gas Production: An Energy Resource
		7.6.3 Municipal Solid Waste Processing: Renewable Process Resource of the Future
		7.6.4 Contaminated Soil Remediation: A Material and Energy Resource
	7.7 Water Consumption and Treatment: A Perfect Power and Process Integration Partner
		7.7.1 Potable Water: Conserving and Keeping It Clean
		7.7.2 Desalination: The Perfect Waste Energy Sink and Integrated Power Partner
		7.7.3 Water Treatment Technologies
		7.7.4 Reuse Treatment Plant Wastewater
		7.7.5 Wastewater Reuse: Just Like the Astronauts
		7.7.6 Grey Water—Lawn Sprinkling: A USAF Experience
		7.7.7 Water Filtration and Purification
			7.7.7.1 Membrane and Other Filtration Processes
			7.7.7.2 Water Purification
	7.8 A Few SE Process Production Tools and Considerations
		7.8.1 Fluid Plant Pumping: The Forgotten Energy Sink
		7.8.2 Differential Contacting for Tank Cleaning to Conserve Water or Solvent
		7.8.3 Nitrogen Scrubbing of Solvents to Recover 99% + Solvent with Water and Distillation
		7.8.4 Process Vent Condensing Vapors in the Presence of Non-condensable Gases
	7.9 Energy Storage
		7.9.1 Elevated Water Storage: Your Own Mini Hydroelectric Project at a Fraction of the Cost
		7.9.2 Off-Peak Electricity Storage with Ammonia
		7.9.3 Using the Grid with Integrated Power Generation
	7.10 Material Storage
		7.10.1 Concept of a Sustainability Surge (Material Storage) Tank: New Application of a Tried and True Process Methodology
	7.11 SE Economic Considerations
		7.11.1 Process and Equipment Performance Guarantees
		7.11.2 Equipment and Systems Commissioning and Testing
		7.11.3 Enhanced SE System Performance Contracting and Evaluation
		7.11.4 Sustainable Process Construction Contracting Checklist
		7.11.5 Example: Post-construction Estimate Difference—Commissioning Versus Design
			7.11.5.1 Leaks During Methane Production Underestimated: C&E News, September 14, 2015
			7.11.5.2 New EPA Rules Would Cut Methane Emissions from Oil and Natural Gas Industries (By Krishnadev Calamur, August 18, 2015, GovExec.com)
		7.11.6 Economic Dislocations
	7.12 SE Standards Development: The Next Big Thing
		7.12.1 Sustainable Technology Certification
		7.12.2 Sustainability Engineering Design Certification
		7.12.3 The Need for Careful Review of Sustainability Criterion
	7.13 Detailed Example: Heat Pump in Process Application
	7.14 Contributed Item: Divided Wall Distillation
		7.14.1 Simple Dividing Wall Description
		7.14.2 Dividing Wall Advantages
		7.14.3 Some Users of Dividing Wall
		7.14.4 References for O’Brien: Dividing Wall
	7.15 Summary
	References
		Additional General Resources for this Chapter
Chapter 8: SE Industrial Process Examples
	8.1 Some Sustainability Project Examples: A Broader Perspective
		8.1.1 Manufacturing Scale Approach to Material and Energy Optimization for Sustainability Engineering Design
		8.1.2 Onsite Energy Excerpts from USDOE
			8.1.2.1 What Is the (USDOE) Onsite Energy Program?
			8.1.2.2 Why Is Onsite Energy Important?
		8.1.3 Manufacturing Efficiency Excerpts from USDOE
			8.1.3.1 Energy Efficiency Technologies
			8.1.3.2 What Is Industrial Energy Efficiency?
			8.1.3.3 Why Is RD&D in Industrial Energy Efficiency Important?
		8.1.4 IEDO Research in Industrial Energy Efficiency
		8.1.5 AIChE Literature Dive
			8.1.5.1 AIChE Chemical Engineering Progress (CEP) Magazine Snippets (Edited portions of the following examples were taken from CEP Magazine):
			8.1.5.2 Catalyzing Commercialization September 2023
			8.1.5.3 AIChE CEP Special Section: The Energy Transition—Energy Update
				8.1.5.3.1 Process Heating: A Key Step in Industrial Electrification
				8.1.5.3.2 Decarbonizing Heat with Long-Duration Energy Storage
	8.2 Small, Nonpower Integrated Stand-Alone Process Examples
		8.2.1 Example 1: Cleanup of Contaminated Soils
			8.2.1.1 SE Technical Evaluation Review of Example 1
		8.2.2 Example 2: Locomotive Rebuilding Degreasing, Cleaning, and Oil Recovery
			8.2.2.1 SE Technical Evaluation Review of Example 2 Parts Washer Case Study: Results after Installation of Ultrafiltration System (Fig. 8.3)
		8.2.3 Example 3: Process Improvement Plastic Film Process Change Energy Basis Review
		8.2.4 Example 4: ADM Process for Super Absorbent Polymers from Sustainable Crops
		8.2.5 Example 5: MVR Process for the Recovery of Aircraft Deicing Fluids
		8.2.6 Example 6: Glycol Concentrator
		8.2.7 Example 7: Recovery of Zinc from Automobile Scrap Metals—Meretec Mittal
		8.2.8 Example 8: Plastic Wood, Trex Inc.
		8.2.9 Example 9: Paper and Pulp Production and Recycling from Confederation of European Paper Industries (cepi.org)
		8.2.10 Example 10: Construction Debris and MSW Reuse at Military Installations
		8.2.11 Example 11: Yeast to Milk
		8.2.12 Example 12: Seafood Processing
		8.2.13 Example 13: Agricultural: SFP Fertilizer Nontoxic Fertilizer Enhancements
		8.2.14 Example 8.14: Large-Scale Animal Farming—Too Large to Succeed!
		8.2.15 SE Agricultural Engineering Challenges and Opportunities
		8.2.16 Turning Farm Manure into Renewable Natural Gas
	8.3 The Btu as the Coin of the Realm: A Key to SE
		8.3.1 Plug-in Electric Cars
		8.3.2 Food Versus Agri-Chemicals Production
		8.3.3 Food Versus Fuel
	8.4 In Works: But “Not Quite Ready for Prime Time”
		8.4.1 Algae to Oil
		8.4.2 Hydrogen and Ammonia Fuel Economy
		8.4.3 Using Local Green Energy and Ammonia to Power Gas Turbine Generators
	8.5 Open-Ended Questions that Need to Be Answered by Sustainability Engineering
		8.5.1 Alternative Fuels
		8.5.2 Algae to Oil: Combined Solar and Biotechnology
		8.5.3 Solar Energy Electric Capture: Where Are we Now and where Are we Headed?
	8.6 Recycling: A Key Component of Sustainability—Common Success Example Already in Place
		8.6.1 Food Recycling: The Forgotten SE Element
	8.7 CO2 as a Feedstock: Competing with Algae, or Showing the Way?
		8.7.1 LanzaTech Process Description (by Dr. Michael Schultz, LanzaTech)
	8.8 Integrated Power and Production in the Chemical and Related Industries: Secret Santa of the CPI
	8.9 So Putting It All Together Stepwise
		8.9.1 Step 1: Combine and Interconnect Disparate Chemical Processes—Initiate SE Design with Material and Energy Balance
		8.9.2 Step 2: Integrated Electricity Generation with Chemical Processing—Completing the SE Circle
	8.10 Fully Integrated Power and Chemical Manufacturing Examples
		8.10.1 Example 15: A Fully Integrated Power and Shale Gas Chemical Production Complex (Shale Gas to Chemicals)
		8.10.2 Example 16: A Fully Integrated Power and Corn to Polyols Production Complex
	8.11 Summary: The SE Application Bottom Line
	References
		USDOE Examples
		Additional Gasification References: A Consultants Bookshelf from Dan Rusinak
		Industrial References
		Additional Resources
Chapter 9: Total Quality Management and Sustainability Engineering
	9.1 TQM and Similar Quality Management Methodologies
	9.2 Quality Management and Pollution Prevention
	9.3 A Generic, Basic TQM Problem Resolution Checklist
	9.4 Rumsfeld’s Rules: Known Unknowns Versus Unknown Unknowns
		9.4.1 Known Unknowns in the Process World
		9.4.2 Unknown Unknowns
	9.5 Perl’s Observations on Quality
	9.6 Going Forward with Quality Management Plans
	9.7 OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM): An Original CPI Quality Management Program
	9.8 What Dr. Deming Taught the Japanese on Total Quality Management
	9.9 In a Nutshell, Deming’s Approach Regarding Quality Management Based Manufacturing
	9.10 Quality Management Case Study: United States Air Force
	9.11 Quality Management Case Study: Motorola Electronics Production
	9.12 Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization: A Quality Challenge at Motorola [8]
	9.13 Summary
	References
		Additional Resources
Chapter 10: Government Regulatory Development for Sustainability Engineering
	10.1 Is Government Interaction Needed for SE?
	10.2 Sustainability Engineering: Sanitary Practice Came First
	10.3 Government Regulatory History
	10.4 Some Past Successful Mandated Programs
	10.5 “Sustainability Index” NEW BIG IDEA
	10.6 German Energy Policy and Solar Energy [2]
	10.7 “Obama Clean Power Plan”: From epa.gov, November 2015 [3]
	10.8 Energy Conservation in Commercial Buildings [4]
	10.9 Thinking Beyond Waste: Sustainable Materials Management[5]
	10.10 Natural Gas Emissions from Fracking
	10.11 Methane Emissions Reduction Program (ca. 2022–2023)
	10.12 Renewable Fuel Standard Program
	10.13 Final Rule: Management Standards for Hazardous Waste Pharmaceuticals
	10.14 Government Support or Assistance Programs
	10.15 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Sustainability
	10.16 Industrial Permitting Review and Update
	10.17 Permit MSW Sites for Resource Recovery Regulatory Update Needed
	10.18 Reformatting Hazardous Waste: Recycling Regulatory Update Needed
	10.19 The Need for Government Research and Development Subsidy for Renewables
	10.20 International Trade Agreements
	10.21 USEPA Universal Waste Program [8]
		10.21.1 EPA 2.1 Wastes Subject to the Universal Waste Program
	10.22 Existing Non-ESOH Government Regulations Impacting Design
	10.23 Energy Policy Act of 2005 [10]
	10.24 Incentives to Power Industry Gasification Projects
	10.25 Summary
	References
		Additional Resources
Chapter 11: Sustainability Engineering in Various Engineering Disciplines and Industry Segments: Challenges and Opportunities
	11.1 Engineering Disciplines
	11.2 Agricultural Engineering (AgE)
		11.2.1 SE Applied to Agriculture
		11.2.2 Compost Type Examples: Nothing Is a Waste Until You Say It Is!
		11.2.3 Agriculture and Education in the USA
	11.3 Biomedical Engineering (BiomedE)
	11.4 Chemical and Biological Engineering (ChE and BioE)
	11.5 Civil and Structural Engineering (CE, SE)
		11.5.1 Wastewater
		11.5.2 Road Building: The End of Asphalt?
		11.5.3 Concrete Is Ubiquitous: Recycling It Is Not Obvious Here—Economics Drives Decisions
	11.6 Computer Science and Engineering
		11.6.1 Process Instrumentation and Control
	11.7 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EE)
		11.7.1 Incandescent Lighting: The End of Waste Heat?
		11.7.2 Photovoltaics
	11.8 Environmental Engineering (EnvE)
		11.8.1 Construction Waste
		11.8.2 ESOH Plant Operations
		11.8.3 SE Design Goal of Zero MSW: Conversion of Garbage to Useful Energy and Materials
			11.8.3.1 Basic Information About Landfill Gas: USEPA
	11.9 Industrial Engineering (IE)
	11.10 Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering (MMAE)
		11.10.1 Central District Heating: The Return to What Used to Work [6]
		11.10.2 Geothermal Energy: New SE Adjunct [4]
	11.11 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MetE)
	11.12 Nuclear Engineering
	11.13 Industry Segments: Where the Disciplines Are—Challenges and Opportunities
		11.13.1 Agriculture
			11.13.1.1 Crop Production: Pesticide Use, Soil Erosion, and Bee Loss
			11.13.1.2 Animal Farming: Antibiotics, Animal Waste, Meat/Vegetable Balance
		11.13.2 Construction
		11.13.3 Electronics
		11.13.4 Metals—Mining the Nations Landfills
		11.13.5 Paper and Pulp Industry
		11.13.6 Plastics and Polymers
		11.13.7 Summary
	References
Chapter 12: Sustainability Engineering Design Resolution Roadmap: Where Do We Go from Here?
	12.1 SE-Improved Process and Product Design and Engineering Module
	12.2 There Is More Left to Do to Cement SE Design in Place: Some Nontechnical Essentials
	12.3 Revitalized US Manufacturing + Industry and Academic Standards
		12.3.1 Technically Competent Work Force: Skills and Trades Necessary for a Sustainable Industry and Economy
		12.3.2 Minimum Industry Practice Competency Standards: What Practicing Engineers Need to Know
		12.3.3 Baccalaureate Academic Preparation in Harmony with Industry Standards: The Engineer in Training
	12.4 SE Workforce and Revitalizing US Manufacturing: A Cursory Look at Some Low-Hanging Fruit
	12.5 A Few Manufacturing Example Potentials That Will Arise from an SE-Design Focus
		12.5.1 Natural Gas Fracking
		12.5.2 Municipal Solid Waste Recovery
		12.5.3 Manufactured Gas Processing Sites
		12.5.4 Ocean Water Desalination
		12.5.5 Generalized Integrated Power and Chemical Production
	12.6 SE Bridges: Getting from Here to Tomorrow
	12.7 Sustainability-Driven Industry Recovery and Rebuilding
		12.7.1 Landfill Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): New Integrated Energy and Chemical Production Opportunity
		12.7.2 The End of the Landfill as We Know It
		12.7.3 Energy Recovery from Waste (Excerpted from USEPA) [3]
			12.7.3.1 Energy Recovery from Waste Facility
			12.7.3.2 Combustion or Reformatting of MSW with Energy Recovery
	12.8 Improving US Economic Performance, Safety, and Profitability Through Sustainability Engineering
	References
Appendices
	Appendix A
		SE and Revitalized US Manufacturing
		An SE-Prepared Manufacturing Workforce
		US Economic Sustainability
		Reference
	Appendix B
		Introduction
		Chemical Engineering Discipline and Preparation
		The NCEES Practice-Based National Licensing Exam for Professional Engineering
		The Case for Engineering Graduate School
		References
			Additional Reference
		ChE NCEES Professional Engineering (PE) Examination Specification (A Model Educational Standard) By Jeffery P Perl, PhD, PE
			Introduction
			The NCEES Examination Specification as an Outline for the Practice of Chemical Engineering
			References
		Sustainability Engineering in Teaching Undergraduate Chemical Engineering Design
		“A PE-Based Industry-Academia Cooperative Chemical Engineering Design Course”
	Appendix C: Teaching Senior Design Examples
		Teaching Designing a Combined Power and Chemical Production Facility—Sample Outline
		A Practice-Based Approach to Teaching Chemical Process Design: Sustainability Engineering
		Design Educational Standards
		Process Versus Product Design
			Reference
		First Semester Fall Syllabus
			Some Basic Rules of the Road
			Nuts and Bolts Design I Course Objectives and Topics
			The Bottom Line
		Second Semester Spring Syllabus
			Chemical Engineering Design II (ChE397) University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC)
		Corn to Polyols Industrial Complex Example 1
			“Integrated Block Diagram of Sorbitol to PG, EG and Glycerol Industrial Complex”
		Spring 2013 Student Design Problem Example 2
			“Integrated Shale Gas Industrial Complex”
Index