Surgical Techniques -Textbook for medical students

Surgical Techniques......Page 0
Introduction......Page 4
Table of contents......Page 5
1. Historical overview......Page 10
2.  Asepsis and antisepsis in surgical p......Page 11
3.  Surgical infections, sources of woun......Page 12
5.  Prevention of wound contamination......Page 13
7.  Postoperative wound management......Page 14
10.1.  Preparation of the skin before th......Page 15
10.3.  Isolation of the operating area (......Page 16
12.  Scrubbing, disinfection and gowning......Page 17
13.  Personnel attire and movement in th......Page 21
17. Surgical antisepsis......Page 22
2. Standard equipment......Page 23
4.  Positioning of the surgical patient......Page 24
1.  Cutting and dissecting instruments......Page 26
2. Grasping instruments......Page 27
4.  Wound-closing instruments and materi......Page 29
3.  Correct position of the needle holde......Page 33
5.1.  Simple continuous suture (furrier......Page 34
6.1.  Suturing with simple interrupted k......Page 35
6.3.  Wound closure with metal clips (ag......Page 36
7.2. Removing sutures......Page 37
8.2.1. Reef knot or sailor’s knot......Page 38
8.2.4. Instrument tie......Page 41
8.3.3. Tying knots in cavities......Page 42
10.1. Passive drainage......Page 43
10.2.  Active drainage (with negative pr......Page 44
10.4. Drain removal......Page 45
3. Informed consent......Page 46
5. Preoperative management......Page 47
7.2.2. Postoperative complications......Page 48
7.2.2.2.  Complications of wound healing......Page 49
8.2. Local anesthetic drugs......Page 50
8.3. Main types......Page 51
2.2.  Preoperative preparation depending......Page 52
3.2. Perioperative fluidrequirements......Page 53
4.2. Colloids......Page 54
6.  Clinical evaluation of the effectiven......Page 55
7.  Tools of volume correction: injectio......Page 56
8.3. Intramuscular (im.) injection......Page 57
10. About veins in details......Page 58
10.1. Technique of blood sampling......Page 59
10.2. Infusions......Page 60
10.4.  Central venous catheterization, v......Page 62
3. Clinical classification......Page 64
5.  Preoperative – intraoperative – post......Page 65
6.2.  Mechanical methods – temporary and......Page 66
6.3. Thermalmethods......Page 67
6.4. Chemical-biological methods......Page 68
8.2.1.  Preoperative autologous donation......Page 69
11.  General symptoms of incomplete hemo......Page 70
5.1. Baroreceptor reflex......Page 71
6.1. Cardiac failure......Page 72
7.2.1.  Main microcirculatory phases dur......Page 73
13.  Treatment of hemorrhagic shock......Page 74
16.  Variations in physiological respons......Page 76
1.2.  Classificationaccordingto “cleanlin......Page 77
1.5.  Classificationdependingonthefactors......Page 78
2.3. Therequirementsofskinincision......Page 79
3.  Early complications of wound closure......Page 80
7. Phases of wound healing......Page 81
9.  Wound management of accidental wound......Page 82
10.1. Types of bandages......Page 85
10.3. Types of bandages......Page 86
11.4. “Wet wound healing”......Page 88
Advanced Medical Skills......Page 90
Preface......Page 91
3.  Basic principles determining the typ......Page 92
6.  Prevention of wound complications......Page 93
2.1.  Thebasictypeofobliqueincisions......Page 94
4.  Special extraperitoneal incisions fo......Page 95
2. Middle median laparotomy......Page 96
3. Some important details......Page 98
1.2. Open appendectomy......Page 99
5.1.  Two-layered anastomosis technique......Page 102
7. Closure of enterotomy......Page 103
8.  Surgical unificationofbowelsegments b......Page 104
3.  Therapeutic(chronic)lavage:peritonea......Page 105
4.  Therapeutic(postoperative)rinsing dr......Page 106
4. Pneumothorax (PTX)......Page 107
4.5.2. Treatment of open PTX......Page 108
5.3.  Treatment of simple PTX with needl......Page 109
5.6. Chest drain – chest tubes......Page 110
6.2. Types......Page 111
8. Cardiac tamponade......Page 112
4.  Thesurgicaltechniqueofintubation – p......Page 114
3.  Advantages of minimal access surgery......Page 115
4.2. Diathermy......Page 116
5.1.  Complications of pneumoperitoneum......Page 117
6.  Basic instruments for minimally inva......Page 118
8. Laparoscopic appendectomy......Page 119
9. Training in a box-trainer......Page 120
8.2.2. Surgeon’s knot......Page 39
8.2.3. Viennese knot......Page 40