Surfactant and mechanical ventilation

tlink1......Page 1
Mass Spectrometry in Neonatal Medicine and Clinical Diagnosis-The Potential Use of Mass Spectrometry in Neonatal Brain Monitoring......Page 3
Real-Time Pulmonary Graphic Monitoring......Page 4
Pressure wave form......Page 6
Flow wave form......Page 7
Pulmonary mechanics and loops......Page 8
Pressure-volume loop......Page 9
Flow-volume loop......Page 10
Optimum positive end expiratory pressure......Page 11
Pressure support......Page 12
Flow-cycling......Page 14
Trend data......Page 15
Summary......Page 16
References......Page 20
Basic physics of heat and humidity......Page 21
Inspired gas conditioning in the respiratory tract......Page 23
Risks of using poorly conditioned medical gases in infants who have an artificial airway......Page 24
Heated humidifiers......Page 26
Artificial noses......Page 28
Aerosol application......Page 29
Inspiratory gas conditioning and the nosocomial infection risk......Page 30
Summary......Page 31
References......Page 32
Matching Ventilatory Support Strategies to Respiratory Pathophysiology......Page 36
Patient-triggered ventilation......Page 37
High-frequency ventilation......Page 38
Noninvasive respiratory support......Page 39
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation......Page 40
Liquid ventilation......Page 41
Monitoring......Page 42
Patient-triggered ventilation......Page 43
Volume-targeted ventilation......Page 44
Noninvasive respiratory support......Page 45
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation......Page 46
Inhaled nitric oxide......Page 47
Meconium aspiration syndrome......Page 48
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia......Page 49
References......Page 50
The clinical situation......Page 55
Etiological considerations......Page 56
Pathophysiology of the acutely desaturation infant......Page 58
Approach to evaluation of the child with severe, recurring hypoxemia......Page 65
Management of the infant with frequent desaturation......Page 68
Summary......Page 70
References......Page 71
Continuous flow continuous positive airway pressure......Page 72
Continuous positive airway pressure......Page 73
Variable flow continuous positive airway pressure......Page 74
Continuous positive airway pressure versus other interventions......Page 75
Continuous positive airway pressure device comparisons......Page 77
Nasal cannula continuous positive airway pressure......Page 79
Noninvasive ventilation......Page 80
Bilevel continuous positive airway pressure......Page 83
Using noninvasive ventilation......Page 84
Nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation: unresolved issues......Page 85
Complications of continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation......Page 86
When to intubate, when to extubate......Page 87
References......Page 88
Volume-Targeted Ventilation of Newborns......Page 92
Principles of time-cycled pressure-limited ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation......Page 94
Volume guarantee ventilation......Page 96
Pressure-regulated volume control......Page 98
Clinical studies......Page 99
Summary......Page 102
References......Page 103
Rationale for volume-targeted ventilation......Page 105
Functional description of Volume Guarantee ventilation......Page 106
Clinical studies of VG ventilation......Page 109
References......Page 113
Characteristics of pressure support ventilation......Page 115
Pressure support ventilation: adult and pediatric experience......Page 117
Pressure support ventilation as a stand-alone mode......Page 119
Pressure support ventilation during weaning......Page 121
Pressure support ventilation as an adjunct to synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation......Page 122
Pressure support ventilation as an adjunct to volume-targeted synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation......Page 123
Summary......Page 124
References......Page 125
The Role of High-Frequency Ventilation in Neonates: Evidence-Based Recommendations......Page 127
Literature review......Page 129
Literature review......Page 134
Literature review......Page 137
Evidence-based recommendations......Page 138
References......Page 139
Horbar and colleagues, 1993......Page 143
Head-to-head comparisons......Page 146
Survanta versus Exosurf......Page 150
Modanlou and colleagues, 1997......Page 152
da Costa and colleagues, 1999......Page 153
Bloom and colleagues, 1997......Page 154
Bloom and Clark, 2005......Page 155
Baroutis and colleagues, 2003......Page 157
Yalaz and colleagues, 2004......Page 158
Speer and colleagues, 1995......Page 160
Ramanathan and colleagues, 2004......Page 162
Malloy and colleagues, 2005......Page 163
Murdoch and Kempley, 2000......Page 164
Ainsworth and colleagues, 2000......Page 165
Hudak and colleagues, 1997......Page 167
Surfactant comparison trials involving peptide-containing synthetic surfactants......Page 168
Moya and colleagues, 2005......Page 170
Sinha and colleagues, 2005......Page 172
Summary......Page 173
References......Page 174
Expanded Use of Surfactant Therapy in Newborns......Page 176
Meconium aspiration syndrome......Page 177
Respiratory distress syndrome in late-preterm babies......Page 179
Neonatal bacterial pneumonia......Page 180
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia......Page 181
References......Page 182
Evidence-Based Use of Adjunctive Therapies to Ventilation......Page 187
Opioid therapy......Page 188
Diuretic therapy......Page 189
Methylxanthine therapy......Page 190
Cromolyn sodium therapy......Page 191
Indomethacin and ibuprofen therapy......Page 192
Corticosteroid therapy......Page 193
Inhaled nitric oxide therapy......Page 194
Oxygen therapy......Page 195
Corticosteroid therapy......Page 196
Summary......Page 197
References......Page 198
Long-Term Outcomes: What Should the Focus Be?......Page 201
Looking through the ‘‘retrospectoscope’’......Page 202
Spotlight on the present......Page 204
Randomized controlled trials: the great melting pot of neonatology?......Page 209
Focusing in on the future......Page 210
Summary......Page 211
References......Page 212