Supporting Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Higher Education in Austria

Preface by Austria
Preface by OECD and European Commission
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and acronyms
Executive summary
Chapter 1.  An overview of the higher education system and its components
	Describing the Austrian higher education system
		Public universities
		Universities of applied sciences
		Private universities
		University colleges for teacher education
		Ongoing reforms affecting the structure of the HE system in Austria
	Governance arrangements in different sectors of higher education institutions
		The governance of public universities
		The governance of universities of applied sciences
		The governance of university colleges for teacher education and private universities
	Recent reforms in the admission system and impact on funding regimes
		Funding mechanisms
		Public and private expenditure for higher education
		Tuition fees
		Third-party-funded research projects at universities
	Reforms in doctoral education and academic careers
		“The new doctorate” at Austrian universities
		The academic profession
	Key actors in the Austrian higher education system
		Key actors including federal bodies and HEI institutions
			Federal ministries
			The rectors’ conference
			Austrian Higher Education Conference
			Student union
			Austrian quality assurance agency
		Research funding agencies/research institutions with their own funding programmes
			The Science Fund (FWF)
			Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG)
			Austria Wirtschaftsservice Gesellschaft mbH (AWS)
			Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW)
			Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft (LBG)
			The Christian Doppler Research Association (CDG)
			Advisory bodies
			Social partnership and representatives of interests
			Austrian Patent Office
	The social dimension of higher education
		National guidelines for equal opportunities and anti-discrimination
		National Strategy on the Social Dimension in Higher Education
	The entrepreneurial and innovation agenda in higher education
		Strategic orientation and organisational capacity
			Main guiding frameworks and strategies
			Governmental strategies on digitalisation
		Programmes fostering knowledge exchange
			CDG – Christian Doppler Research Association
			COMET – Competence Centres for Excellent Technologies
			R&D Competences for Industry
			Knowledge transfer centres
			AplusB Centres
			Sparkling Science
			The Innovation Foundation for Education
	Notes
	References
Chapter 2.  Applying the HEInnovate framework to higher education in Austria
	The HEInnovate guiding framework
	The HEInnovate eight dimensions in the Austrian context
		Leadership and governance
		Organisational capacity: Funding people and incentives
		Entrepreneurial teaching and learning
		Preparing and supporting entrepreneurs
		Digital transformation and capability
		Knowledge exchange and collaboration
		The internationalised institution
		Measuring impact
	Notes
	References
Chapter 3.  Leadership and governance in Austrian higher education institutions
	Introduction
	Review findings
		There is interest and support from external stakeholders in developing engaged HEIs
		Senior management support the entrepreneurial and innovation agenda
		Interdisciplinary approaches in education and research
			Interdisciplinary education programmes
			Interdisciplinary research
		Strategic collaboration between higher education institutions and with other entities
	Areas for further policy and institutional development
		Funding for the entrepreneurial and innovation agenda
		Strategic planning and performance agreements
		Governance models
		Programme development frameworks
	Conclusions and recommendations
		Main recommendations
	Note
	References
Chapter 4.  Entrepreneurial teaching and learning in Austria
	Introduction
	Defining entrepreneurship in the context of higher education
		Is it possible to teach entrepreneurship?
		Teaching entrepreneurship to improve sustainability and impact
		Learning and teaching entrepreneurship in a university context
			Main features of the entrepreneurial HEI
			Approaches to learning and teaching entrepreneurship in HEIs
	Formal entrepreneurial teaching and learning in Austrian HEIs
		Entrepreneurship education at the undergraduate and master’s levels
		Entrepreneurship education targeting PhD students
		Integrating research in entrepreneurial education
		Co-designing and co-delivering entrepreneurial education with the support of external stakeholders
		Evaluating curricular entrepreneurship teaching and learning programmes
	Informal learning opportunities to stimulate the development of an entrepreneurial mindset
	Conclusions
	Notes
	References
Chapter 5.  Preparing and supporting start-ups in higher education in Austria
	Introduction
	The importance of preparing and supporting entrepreneurship in HEIs
	Systemic conditions supporting entrepreneurship in Austria
	Austrian HEIs have developed different approaches to prepare and support entrepreneurship
		HEIs have put in place several (extracurricular and informal) activities to support student entrepreneurship
		There are limited rewards for faculty that engages with entrepreneurial activities
		Practices to support start-ups vary according to HEIs and regional ecosystems
		Austrian universities of applied sciences have experience in facilitating entrepreneurship
	Conclusions
	Notes
	References