SuperSimple Chemistry: The Ultimate Bitesize Study Guide

Contents
The Scientific Method
	How Science Works
	Scientific Issues
	Scientific Risk
	Validity
	Experiment Variables
	Safe Experiments
	Equipment
	Planning Experiments
	Organizing Data
	Math and Science
	Units of Measurement
	Charts and Graphs
	Conclusions
	Errors and Uncertainty
	Evaluations
Basic Chemistry
	Atoms
	History of the Atom
	Electron Shells
	Electronic Structure
	Elements
	Isotopes
	Mixtures
	Compounds
	Formulas
	Deducing Formulas
	Equations
	Balancing Equations
	Purity
	Formulations
	Dissolving
	Grinding
	Solubility
	Calculating solubility
	Chromatography
	Filtration
	Evaporation
	Crystallization
	Simple Distillation
	Fractional Distillation In the Laboratory
Elements
	The Periodic Table
	History of the Periodic Table
	Hydrogen
	Metals
	Group 1 Physical Properties
	Group 1 Chemical Properties
	Group 2
	Group 3
	Transition Metals
	Lanthanides
	Actinides
	Carbon
	Group 4
	Group 5
	Group 6
	Group 7
	Group 0
Structure and Bonding
	Ions
	Ionic Bonding
	Ions and the Periodic Table
	Dot and Cross Diagrams
	Ionic Structures
	Ionic Properties
	Covalent Bonding
	Representing Covalent Bonds
	Simple Molecules
	Properties of Simple Molecules
	Polymers
	Covalent Network Solids
	Allotropes of Carbon
	Fullerenes
	Metallic Bonding
	Pure Metals and Alloys
States of Matter
	Solids
	Liquids
	Gases
	Diffusion in Liquids
	Diffusion in Gases
	Changes of State
	Heating and Cooling Curves
	State Symbols and Predicting States
Nanoscience and Smart Materials
	Nanoparticles
	Properties of Nanoparticles
	Uses and Risks of Nanoparticles
	Thermochromic and Photochromic Pigments
	Shape Memory Materials
	Hydrogels
Quantitative Chemistry
	Relative Formula Mass
	Using the Percentage Mass Formula
	Moles
	Mole Calculations
	Conservation of Mass
	Changing Mass
	Moles and Equations
	Balancing Equations Using Masses
	Limiting Reactants
	Calculating Masses in Reactions
	The Volume of Gas
	Empirical Formulas
	A Reacting Masses Experiment
	Calculating the Reacting Mass
	Water of Crystallization
	Calculating Water of Crystallization
	Concentration
	Titration Calculations
	Atom Economy
	The Advantages of Atom Economy
	Percentage Yield
	100% Yield
The Chemistry of Acids
	The pH Scale
	Acids
	Bases
	Indicators
	Neutralization
	Titrations
	Strong and Weak Acids
	Dilute and Concentrated Acids
	Reactions with Bases
	Reactions with Metal Carbonates
	Making Insoluble Salts
	Making Soluble Salts
Metals and Their Reactivity
	The Reactivity Series
	Reactions with Acids
	Reactions with Water
	Reactions with Steam
	Extracting Metals with Carbon
	Redox Reactions
	Group 7 Displacement Reactions
	Ionic Equations
	Metal Displacement Reactions
	Electrolysis
	Extracting Metals with Electrolysis
	Half Equations
	Extracting Aluminum in Industry
	Electrolysis of Water
	Electrolysis Experiments
	Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions
	Electroplating
Energy Changes
	Chemical Reactions
	Combustion
	Oxidation
	Thermal Decomposition
	Exothermic Reactions
	Endothermic Reactions
	Energy Transfer: Solutions
	Energy Transfer: Combustion
	Exothermic Reaction Profiles
	Endothermic Reaction Profiles
	Calculating Energy Changes
	Simple Voltaic Cells
	Voltaic Cells
	Batteries
	Fuel Cells
	Inside a Fuel Cell
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
	Rates of Reaction
	Collision Theory
	Reaction Rates and Temperature
	Reaction Rates and Concentration
	Reaction Rates and Surface Area
	Reaction Rates and Catalysts
	Rate of Reaction Graphs
	Reaction Rates and the Volume of Gas
	Reaction Rates and Changes in Mass
	Reaction Rates and Precipitation
	Reaction Rates and Acid Concentration
	Calculating Reaction Rates
	Reversible Reactions
	Equilibrium
	Energy Transfer in Reversible Reactions
	Equilibrium and Temperature
	Equilibrium and Pressure
	Equilibrium and Concentration
Organic Chemistry
	Organic Compounds
	Naming Organic Compounds
	Hydrocarbons
	Alkane Properties
	Hydrocarbon Combustion
	Crude Oil
	Fractional Distillation
	Cracking
	Cracking Paraffin
	Alkenes
	Addition Reactions
	Isomers
	Combustion of Alkenes
	Testing for Alkenes
	Addition Polymers
	Representing Addition Polymers
	Alcohols
	Properties of Alcohols
	Uses of Ethanol
	The Production of Ethanol
	Carboxylic Acids
	Carboxylic Acid Reactions
	Esters
	Condensation Polymers
	Polyesters and Polyamides
	DNA
	Proteins
	Carbohydrates
	Hydrolysis of Polymers
Chemical Analysis
	Testing for Oxygen
	Testing for Carbon Dioxide
	Testing for Hydrogen
	Testing for Cations Flame Tests
	Testing for Cations Precipitation Reactions
	Testing for Anions Carbonates and Sulfates
	Testing for Anions Halides and Nitrates
	Testing for Chlorine
	Testing for Water
	Flame Emission Spectroscopy
	Interpreting Spectroscopy Charts
Chemistry of the Earth
	Earth’s Structure
	Tectonic Plates
	Rocks
	The Rock Cycle
	The Atmosphere
	Measuring Oxygen
	The Carbon Cycle
	The Greenhouse Effect
	Human Activity
	Global Warming
	Carbon Footprints
	Carbon Capture
	Nuclear Energy
	Air Pollution
	Pollution Problems
	Acid Rain
Using Resources
	Ceramics
	Composites
	Synthetic Polymers
	Making Polymers
	Alloys
	Sustainability
	Corrosion
	Preventing Corrosion
	Finite Resources
	Renewable Resources
	Recycling
	Life Cycle Assessment
	Potable Water
	Seawater
	Wastewater
	Treating Wastewater
	The Haber Process
	Reaction Conditions
	Fertilizers
	Producing Fertilizers
Glossary
Index
Acknowledgments