Sudden and Gradual: Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought

Sudden & Gradual
Foreword
TOC
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Introduction
    Notes
I. The Sudden and Gradual Debates
    The Mirror of the Mind
        1. Chinese Antecedents
        2. Indian Antecedents
        3. Western Parallels
        Notes
    Sudden Illumination or Simultaneous Comprehension
        Textual Examples
        Notes
        Glossary
    Purifying Gold : The Metaphor of Effort
        1. Contexts
        2. First Polemic Circle: Shen-hsiu and Shen-hui
            2. 1 Two, Three Poems on the Wall
            2. 2 Shen-hui and His Contradictions
            2. 3 The Ambiguities of Gradualism
        3. Second Polemic Circle: Mo-ho-yen and Kamalasila
            3.1 The Focus of the Debate
            3.2 Cultivation and Intuition
                3.2.1 Cultivation and the Direct Path
                3.2.2 Calm and Insight
                3.2.3 Insight and Analysis
            3.3 Separate Practice of the Perfections
        4. Terminological Issues
        5. The Metaphors
        6 . Conclusions
        Notes
        Glossary
II. Sudden and Gradual Enlightenment in Chinese Buddhism
    Tao-sheng\'s Theory of Sudden Enlightenment Re-examined
        The Neo-Taoist Background to Early Prajñā Speculations
        The Basic Argument for Sudden Enlightenment
        Tao-sheng\'s Stay in Lu-shan and the Abhidharma-hṛdaya
        The Dasabhūmika and the Hierarchy of the Three Vehicles
        The Lotus Sutra and the Public Controversy
        The Gradualist Case: Hui-kuan\'s Dialectical Defense of Gradualism
        Seng-chao\'s Defense of Yao Hsing and Gradualism
        Hsieh Ling-yun\'s Defense of Subitism
        The Late Entry of the Nirvana Sutra Into the Debate
        The Aftermath
        Notes
        Glossary
    Sudden and Gradual Intimately Conjoined
        Chih-i\'s Double Emphasis: Teaching and Practice
        The Teaching Aspect of Chih-i\'s Buddhism
        The Practice Aspect of Chih-i\'s Buddhism
        Conclusion
        Notes
        Glossary
    Shen-hui and the Teaching of Sudden Enlightenment
        I. Introduction
            A. The Understanding of Suddenness in Modern Ch \'an Studies
            B. Shen-hui and Modern Ch \'an Studies
        II. Shen-hui\'s Biography
            A. Shen-hui\'s Early Training
            B. Shen-hui\'s Teaching Career
            C. Shen-hui\'s Banishment and Reinstatement
            D. Shen-hui\'s Death and Official Recognition
        III. Traces of Shen-hui\'s Influence in Northern School Literature
            A. The Problem of Shen-hui\'s Earb1 Teaching Career
            B. The Texts
            Treatise on the True Principle
        IV. Shen-hui\'s Teachings and the Doctrines of the Northern School
        V. Shen-hui\'s Emphasis on Sudden Enlightenment
        VI . Conclusion
            A. The Religious Context of Shen-hui\'s Training
            B. Shen-hui\'s Doctrine of Sudden Enlightenment
            C. The Acceptance of tm Doctrine of Sudden Enlightenment
            D. Shen-hui\'s Historical Impact on Ch \'an
        Notes
        Glossary
    Sudden Enlightenment Followed by Gradual Cultivation
        1. Tsung-mi\'s Explication of \"Sudden\" and \"Gradual\"
        2. Sudden Enlightenment Followed by Gradual Cultivation
        3. The Doctrinal Basis of Tsung-mi\'s Theory
        4. Tsung-mi\'s Analysis of Mind
        5. Tsung-mi\'s Criticism of the Northern and Hung-chou Lines
            A. Tsung-mi\'s Critique of the Northern Line
            B. Tsung-mi\'s Critique of the Hung-chou Line
        6. Tsung-mi\'s Theory and Shen-hui
        7. Conclusion
        Appendix 1
        Appendix 2
        Appendix 3
        Notes
        Glossary
    The \"Short-cut\" Approach of K\'an-hua Meditation
        The Challenge of Indian Meditative Models: Samādhi and Prajñā
        Toward a Distinctively Ch\' an Style of Meditation: No-thought Practice
        The Distinctive Rhetoric and Pedagogy of Ch\'an
        Cultivation in the Hung-chou and Lin-chi Schools
        K\'an-hua Ch\'an and a \"Short-cut\" to Enlightenment
        Notes
III. Analogies in the Cultural Sphere
    The Sudden and the Gradual in Chinese Poetry Criticism:
        The Northern Sung Era
        The Southern Sung Era
        Notes
        Glossary
    Tung Ch\'i-ch\'ang\'s \"Southern and Northern Schools
        The Southern and Northern Schools Theory
        The Southern and Northern Schools Theory as Rhetoric and Stratagem
        The Southern and Northern Schools Theory :The Buddhist Analogy
        The Southern and Northern Schools Theory as Basis for an Orthodoxy
        The Southern and Northern Schools Theory: Levels of Enlightenment
        The Southern and Northern Schools Theory, Ch\'an, and the Practice of Painting
        Afterword
        Notes
        Glossary
Afterword Thinking of \"Enlightenment\" Religiously
Contributors
Index