Style and Sociolinguistic Variation

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Dedication......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Figures......Page 11
Tables......Page 13
Contributors......Page 15
Acknowledgments......Page 18
2 The history of the study of style in variation......Page 19
3 Anthropological approaches to style......Page 24
4 Attention paid to speech......Page 27
5 Audience design and self-identification......Page 31
6 Functionally motivated situational variation......Page 34
Part I Anthropological approaches......Page 37
1 Introduction: style as distinctiveness......Page 39
2 Style, register, and dialect......Page 43
3 Ideologies of differentiation: semiotic processes......Page 50
3.1 Speech varieties in a Wolof village (Senegal)......Page 52
3.2 Bóly: linguistic differentiation in eastern Europe......Page 57
4 Conclusion......Page 60
2 Variety, style-shifting, and ideology......Page 62
1 Ideology and learning......Page 63
3 Switching......Page 64
4.1 Addressee......Page 65
4.3 Rhetorical shifts......Page 66
4.4 AAVE rhetorical switching......Page 67
1 Introduction: genre in practice......Page 75
2 The language of selling in a Mexican market: the generic baseline......Page 78
3 Bridging the generic gap......Page 92
4 Conclusion: speech styles in communicative practice......Page 94
4 The question of genre......Page 96
Part 2 Attention paid to speech......Page 101
1 Taxonomies of style and their uses......Page 103
2 What is style after all?......Page 105
3 Cues to the identification of style......Page 106
4 The Decision Tree......Page 107
5 The stylistic analysis of stable sociolinguistic variables......Page 111
6 The contribution of individual decisions to stylistic analysis......Page 119
7 Differentiation by gender and social class......Page 122
8 Conclusion......Page 125
6 A dissection of style-shifting......Page 127
7 Style and social meaning......Page 137
1 Introduction......Page 145
2 Prince’s findings: open-versus closed-class items......Page 146
3.1 Obviously......Page 149
3.2 In fact......Page 150
3.4 Anyway......Page 151
4 Implications of the examples......Page 152
5 Conclusion......Page 154
Part 3 Audience design and self-identification......Page 155
1 Introduction......Page 157
2 The gist of audience design......Page 159
3.1 Speaker sample......Page 166
3.2 Interview design......Page 168
4.1 Discourse particle eh......Page 170
4.2 Maori language usage......Page 174
5 Language as identity marker......Page 178
6.1 Integrating audience and referee design......Page 180
6.2 Integrating quantitative and qualitative analyses......Page 184
1 Introduction......Page 188
2.1 Bell’s conceptual definition of  “style” and its primitives......Page 189
2.2 One dichotomy, two emphases......Page 192
2.3 Additional parameters to consider......Page 194
2.4 Elaboration of style primitives by other researchers......Page 196
3 Prosodic variation on negatives as evidence of style primitives......Page 198
4 Conclusion......Page 201
11 Language, situation, and the relational self: theorizing dialect-style in sociolinguistics......Page 203
1 “Functional” variation......Page 205
2 Dialect styles and ways of speaking......Page 207
3 The illusion of non-motivated style-shifting......Page 209
4 The quantitative, distributional approach......Page 210
5 Bakhtin and a dynamic sociolinguistics......Page 213
6 Variable dialect personas and style......Page 215
7 Identity, the self, and interaction......Page 220
8 A brief illustration......Page 222
9 Retrospective......Page 227
1 The multiplicities of styles and contexts......Page 229
2 The multiplicity of identities and goals......Page 232
3 Whither then now?......Page 234
1 The critique of quantitative approaches to style......Page 238
2 Coupland’s new approach to style......Page 242
3 Coupland’s illustration: excerpt from a Cardiff disc-jockey......Page 246
Part 4 Functionally motivated situational variation......Page 251
1 Introduction......Page 253
1.1 Two models of sociolinguistic variation: Bell and Preston......Page 255
1.2 A theory of social dialect variation: Kroch......Page 256
1.3 A communicative-function view of register and social dialect......Page 257
2.1 Logical explanations for the classic sociolinguistic finding......Page 260
3 Recapitulation of the communicative-function argument......Page 262
3.1 The evidence from patterns of register variation......Page 264
3.3 Implications of register and social dialect patterns......Page 269
3.4 Clarification of the communicative-function model......Page 272
4 Social dialect variation in the British National Corpus......Page 274
5.1 Interpreting the patterns of social dialect variation......Page 278
5.2 The relationship between internal and external constraints......Page 279
5.3 The claim that style variation presupposes social variation......Page 281
5.4 A proposed revision to the classic sociolinguistic finding......Page 282
6 Conclusion......Page 283
1 Introduction......Page 286
2 Developing an account of function......Page 288
3 Defining features which occur across registers......Page 289
4 Identity features versus communicative features......Page 290
5 The notions of elaboration and economy......Page 291
6 The “ease” and “clarity” production mandates......Page 294
7 Conclusion......Page 296
16 Style and the psycholinguistics of sociolinguistics: the logical problem of language variation......Page 297
INTRODUCTION......Page 323
1 “STYLE” AS DISTINCTIVENESS......Page 325
2 VARIETY, STYLE-SHIFTING, AND IDEOLOGY......Page 326
3 THE ETHNOGRAPHY OF GENRE IN A MEXICAN MARKET......Page 328
4 THE QUESTION OF GENRE......Page 329
5 THE ANATOMY OF STYLE-SHIFTING......Page 330
6 A DISSECTION OF STYLE-SHIFTING......Page 332
8 ZEROING IN ON MULTIFUNCTIONALITY AND STYLE......Page 333
9 BACK IN STYLE......Page 335
10 PRIMITIVES OF A SYSTEM FOR “STYLE” AND “REGISTER”......Page 338
11 LANGUAGE, SITUATION, AND THE RELATIONAL SELF......Page 340
12 COUPLANDIA AND BEYOND......Page 344
13 STYLE AND STYLIZING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A NON-AUTONOMOUS SOCIOLINGUISTICS......Page 345
14 REGISTER VARIATION AND SOCIAL DIALECT VARIATION......Page 346
15 CONVERSATION, SPOKEN LANGUAGE, AND SOCIAL IDENTITY......Page 350
16 STYLE AND THE PSYCHOLINGUISTICS OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS......Page 351
Index......Page 356