Structural steel design.

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 4
 1.1 Advantages of Steel as a Structural Material......Page 14
 1.2 Disadvantages of Steel as a Structural Material......Page 16
 1.3 Early Uses of Iron and Steel......Page 17
 1.4 Steel Sections......Page 20
 1.5 Metric Units......Page 24
 1.6 Cold-Formed Light-Gage Steel Shapes......Page 25
 1.7 Stress–Strain Relationships in Structural Steel......Page 26
 1.8 Modern Structural Steels......Page 32
 1.9 Uses of High-Strength Steels......Page 35
 1.10 Measurement of Toughness......Page 37
 1.12 Lamellar Tearing......Page 39
 1.13 Furnishing of Structural Steel......Page 40
 1.14 The Work of the Structural Designer......Page 43
 1.16 Economical Design of Steel Members......Page 44
 1.17 Failure of Structures......Page 47
 1.20 Computers and Structural Steel Design......Page 50
 1.21 Problems for Solution......Page 51
 2.1 Specifications and Building Codes......Page 52
 2.3 Dead Loads......Page 54
 2.4 Live Loads......Page 55
 2.5 Environmental Loads......Page 58
 2.6 Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and Allowable Strength Design (ASD)......Page 64
 2.9 Computation of Loads for LRFD and ASD......Page 65
 2.10 Computing Combined Loads with LRFD Expressions......Page 66
 2.11 Computing Combined Loads with ASD Expressions......Page 70
 2.13 Discussion of Sizes of Load Factors and Safety Factors......Page 72
 2.15 Problems for Solution......Page 73
 3.1 Introduction......Page 75
 3.2 Nominal Strengths of Tension Members......Page 78
 3.3 Net Areas......Page 80
 3.4 Effect of Staggered Holes......Page 82
 3.5 Effective Net Areas......Page 87
 3.6 Connecting Elements for Tension Members......Page 97
 3.7 Block Shear......Page 98
 3.8 Problems for Solution......Page 107
 4.1 Selection of Sections......Page 116
 4.2 Built-Up Tension Members......Page 124
 4.3 Rods and Bars......Page 128
 4.4 Pin-Connected Members......Page 133
 4.5 Design for Fatigue Loads......Page 135
 4.6 Problems for Solution......Page 138
 5.1 General......Page 142
 5.2 Residual Stresses......Page 145
 5.3 Sections Used for Columns......Page 146
 5.4 Development of Column Formulas......Page 150
 5.5 The Euler Formula......Page 152
 5.6 End Restraint and Effective Lengths of Columns......Page 154
 5.7 Stiffened and Unstiffened Elements......Page 157
 5.8 Long, Short, and Intermediate Columns......Page 158
 5.9 Column Formulas......Page 161
 5.11 Example Problems......Page 163
 5.12 Problems for Solution......Page 171
 6.1 Introduction......Page 176
 6.2 AISC Design Tables......Page 179
 6.3 Column Splices......Page 184
 6.4 Built-Up Columns......Page 187
 6.5 Built-Up Columns with Components in Contact with Each Other......Page 188
 6.6 Connection Requirements for Built-Up Columns Whose Components Are in Contact with Each Other......Page 189
 6.7 Built-Up Columns with Components not in Contact with Each Other......Page 195
 6.8 Single-Angle Compression Members......Page 200
 6.9 Sections Containing Slender Elements......Page 202
 6.10 Flexural-Torsional Buckling of Compression Members......Page 204
 6.11 Problems for Solution......Page 209
 7.1 Introduction......Page 213
 7.2 Further Discussion of Effective Lengths......Page 214
 7.3 Frames Meeting Alignment Chart Assumptions......Page 218
 7.4 Frames Not Meeting Alignment Chart Assumptions as to Joint Rotations......Page 221
 7.5 Stiffness-Reduction Factors......Page 224
 7.6 Columns Leaning on Each Other for In-Plane Design......Page 228
 7.7 Base Plates for Concentrically Loaded Columns......Page 231
 7.8 Problems for Solution......Page 245
 8.2 Sections Used as Beams......Page 250
 8.3 Bending Stresses......Page 251
 8.4 Plastic Hinges......Page 252
 8.6 The Plastic Modulus......Page 253
 8.7 Theory of Plastic Analysis......Page 256
 8.8 The Collapse Mechanism......Page 257
 8.9 The Virtual-Work Method......Page 258
 8.10 Location of Plastic Hinge for Uniform Loadings......Page 262
 8.11 Continuous Beams......Page 263
 8.12 Building Frames......Page 265
 8.13 Problems for Solution......Page 267
 9.1 Introduction......Page 276
 9.2 Yielding Behavior—Full Plastic Moment, Zone 1......Page 279
 9.3 Design of Beams, Zone 1......Page 280
 9.4 Lateral Support of Beams......Page 288
 9.5 Introduction to Inelastic Buckling, Zone 2......Page 290
 9.6 Moment Capacities, Zone 2......Page 294
 9.7 Elastic Buckling, Zone 3......Page 296
 9.8 Design Charts......Page 298
 9.9 Noncompact Sections......Page 303
 9.10 Problems for Solution......Page 308
 10.1 Design of Continuous Beams......Page 315
 10.2 Shear......Page 317
 10.3 Deflections......Page 323
 10.4 Webs and Flanges with Concentrated Loads......Page 329
 10.5 Unsymmetrical Bending......Page 337
 10.6 Design of Purlins......Page 340
 10.7 The Shear Center......Page 343
 10.8 Beam-Bearing Plates......Page 348
 10.9 Lateral Bracing at Member Ends Supported on Base Plates......Page 352
 10.10 Problems for Solution......Page 353
 11.1 Occurrence......Page 359
 11.2 Members Subject to Bending and Axial Tension......Page 360
 11.3 First-Order and Second-Order Moments for Members Subject to Axial Compression and Bending......Page 363
 11.4 Direct Analysis Method (DAM)......Page 365
 11.5 Effective Length Method (ELM)......Page 366
 11.6 Approximate Second-Order Analysis......Page 367
 11.7 Beam–Columns in Braced Frames......Page 372
 11.8 Beam–Columns in Unbraced Frames......Page 384
 11.9 Design of Beam–Columns—Braced or Unbraced......Page 391
 11.10 Problems for Solution......Page 399
 12.2 Types of Bolts......Page 403
 12.3 History of High-Strength Bolts......Page 404
 12.5 Snug-Tight, Pretensioned, and Slip-Critical Bolts......Page 405
 12.6 Methods for Fully Pretensioning High-Strength Bolts......Page 409
 12.7 Slip-Resistant Connections and Bearing-Type Connections......Page 411
 12.8 Mixed Joints......Page 412
 12.9 Sizes of Bolt Holes......Page 413
 12.10 Load Transfer and Types of Joints......Page 414
 12.11 Failure of Bolted Joints......Page 417
 12.12 Spacing and Edge Distances of Bolts......Page 418
 12.13 Bearing-Type Connections—Loads Passing Through Center of Gravity of Connections......Page 421
 12.14 Slip-Critical Connections—Loads Passing Through Center of Gravity of Connections......Page 432
 12.15 Problems for Solution......Page 436
 13.1 Bolts Subjected to Eccentric Shear......Page 443
 13.2 Bolts Subjected to Shear and Tension (Bearing-Type Connections)......Page 457
 13.3 Bolts Subjected to Shear and Tension (Slip-Critical Connections)......Page 460
 13.4 Tension Loads on Bolted Joints......Page 461
 13.5 Prying Action......Page 464
 13.6 Historical Notes on Rivets......Page 467
 13.7 Types of Rivets......Page 468
 13.8 Strength of Riveted Connections—Rivets in Shear and Bearing......Page 470
 13.9 Problems for Solution......Page 474
 14.1 General......Page 482
 14.2 Advantages of Welding......Page 483
 14.4 Types of Welding......Page 484
 14.6 Welding Inspection......Page 488
 14.7 Classification of Welds......Page 491
 14.8 Welding Symbols......Page 493
 14.9 Groove Welds......Page 495
 14.10 Fillet Welds......Page 497
 14.11 Strength of Welds......Page 498
 14.12 AISC Requirements......Page 499
 14.13 Design of Simple Fillet Welds......Page 504
 14.14 Design of Connections for Members with Both Longitudinal and Transverse Fillet Welds......Page 510
 14.15 Some Miscellaneous Comments......Page 511
 14.16 Design of Fillet Welds for Truss Members......Page 512
 14.17 Plug and Slot Welds......Page 516
 14.18 Shear and Torsion......Page 519
 14.19 Shear and Bending......Page 526
 14.20 Full-Penetration and Partial-Penetration Groove Welds......Page 528
 14.21 Problems for Solution......Page 532
 15.1 Selection of Type of Fastener......Page 541
 15.2 Types of Beam Connections......Page 542
 15.3 Standard Bolted Beam Connections......Page 549
 15.5 Designs of Standard Bolted Framed Connections......Page 552
 15.6 Designs of Standard Welded Framed Connections......Page 555
 15.7 Single-Plate, or Shear Tab, Framing Connections......Page 557
 15.8 End-Plate Shear Connections......Page 560
 15.9 Designs of Welded Seated Beam Connections......Page 561
 15.10 Designs of Stiffened Seated Beam Connections......Page 563
 15.11 Designs of Moment-Resisting FR Moment Connections......Page 564
 15.12 Column Web Stiffeners......Page 568
 15.13 Problems for Solution......Page 571
 16.1 Composite Construction......Page 575
 16.2 Advantages of Composite Construction......Page 576
 16.3 Discussion of Shoring......Page 578
 16.4 Effective Flange Widths......Page 579
 16.5 Shear Transfer......Page 580
 16.7 Strength of Shear Connectors......Page 583
 16.8 Number, Spacing, and Cover Requirements for Shear Connectors......Page 584
 16.9 Moment Capacity of Composite Sections......Page 586
 16.10 Deflections......Page 591
 16.11 Design of Composite Sections......Page 592
 16.12 Continuous Composite Sections......Page 601
 16.13 Design of Concrete-Encased Sections......Page 602
 16.14 Problems for Solution......Page 605
 17.1 Introduction......Page 609
 17.2 Advantages of Composite Columns......Page 610
 17.4 Lateral Bracing......Page 612
 17.5 Specifications for Composite Columns......Page 613
 17.6 Axial Design Strengths of Composite Columns......Page 615
 17.7 Shear Strength of Composite Columns......Page 620
 17.8 LRFD and ASD Tables......Page 621
 17.9 Load Transfer at Footings and Other Connections......Page 622
 17.12 Problems for Solution......Page 623
 18.1 Cover-Plated Beams......Page 626
 18.2 Built-up Girders......Page 629
 18.3 Built-up Girder Proportions......Page 631
 18.4 Flexural Strength......Page 637
 18.5 Tension Field Action......Page 642
 18.6 Design of Stiffeners......Page 647
 18.7 Problems for Solution......Page 653
 19.2 Types of Steel Frames Used for Buildings......Page 655
 19.3 Common Types of Floor Construction......Page 659
 19.4 Concrete Slabs on Open-Web Steel Joists......Page 660
 19.5 One-Way and Two-Way Reinforced-Concrete Slabs......Page 663
 19.6 Composite Floors......Page 664
 19.7 Concrete-Pan Floors......Page 665
 19.8 Steel Floor Deck......Page 666
 19.9 Flat Slab Floors......Page 668
 19.10 Precast Concrete Floors......Page 669
 19.11 Types of Roof Construction......Page 671
 19.13 Fireproofing of Structural Steel......Page 672
 19.14 Introduction to High-Rise Buildings......Page 673
 19.15 Discussion of Lateral Forces......Page 675
 19.16 Types of Lateral Bracing......Page 676
 19.17 Analysis of Buildings with Diagonal Wind Bracing for Lateral Forces......Page 682
 19.18 Moment-Resisting Joints......Page 684
 19.19 Design of Buildings for Gravity Loads......Page 685
 19.20 Selection of Members......Page 689
APPENDIX A: Derivation of the Euler Formula......Page 690
APPENDIX B: Slender Compression Elements......Page 692
APPENDIX C: Flexural-Torsional Buckling of Compression Members......Page 695
APPENDIX D: Moment-Resisting Column Base Plates......Page 701
APPENDIX E: Ponding......Page 710
GLOSSARY......Page 715
INDEX......Page 721