Structural Renovation of Buildings: Methods, Details, and Design Examples

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
About the Author
Contents
Preface
1 The Challenge of Renovation
	1.1 Terminology
	1.2 When to Renovate
	1.3 Beginning a Renovation Project
	1.4 Typical Structural Challenges
	1.5 Role of Building Codes in Renovation
	1.6 Some Renovation Provisions of Previous Building Codes
	1.7 The International Existing Building Code: General Issues
	1.8 IEBC Provisions for Repairs (IEBC Chapter 4)
	1.9 IEBC Provisions for Alterations
	1.10 Change of Occupancy (IEBC Chapter 10)
	1.11 Additions (IEBC Chapter 11)
	1.12 Design Examples
	1.13 Renovate or Rebuild?
	References
2 Investigating Existing Conditions
	2.1 Why Investigate?
	2.2 Assessing Building Condition
	2.3 Material Properties in Steel Systems
	2.4 Concrete Framing
	2.5 Load Testing of Concrete Structures
	2.6 Post-Tensioned Concrete Framing
	2.7 Wood Framing
	2.8 Masonry
	2.9 Building Envelope
	References
3 Renovating Steel-Framed Buildings
	3.1 Steel: The Venerable Material
	3.2 Past Design Methods and Allowable Stresses for Iron and Steel Beams
	3.3 Early Iron and Steel Columns
	3.4 Properties of Early Fasteners
	3.5 Open-Web Joists
	3.6 Strengthening Floors and Roofs
	3.7 Reinforcing Steel Members by Welding
	3.8 Reinforcing Beams by Composite Action with Concrete
	3.9 Strengthening Beam Connections
	3.10 Composite Steel-Concrete Columns
	3.11 Openings in Existing Steel Beams
	3.12 Steel Corrosion: Evaluation and Protection
	3.13 Thermal Prestressing of Steel Structures
	References
4 Strengthening Concrete Buildings
	4.1 Historical Perspective
	4.2 Design Methods of the Past
	4.3 Properties of Old Concrete and Reinforcing Steel
	4.4 Some Early Proprietary Systems
	4.5 Strengthening Concrete Beams
	4.6 Strengthening Structural Slabs
	4.7 Strengthening Concrete Columns
	4.8 Openings in Existing Slabs
	References
5 Repairing Deteriorated Concrete
	5.1 Overview
	5.2 Repairing Cracks
	5.3 Corrosion of Reinforcement and Its Effects on Concrete
	5.4 Patching Spalls and Deteriorated Areas
	5.5 Cathodic Protection and Electrochemical Chloride Extraction
	5.6 Corrosion Inhibitors
	5.7 Other Types of Damage to Concrete
	5.8 Materials for Concrete Repair
	5.9 Durability of Repairs
	5.10 Systematic Maintenance Programs
	References
6 Renovating Slabs on Grade
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Field Investigation
	6.3 Cracking
	6.4 Surface Deterioration
	6.5 Slab Settlement, Heaving, and Curling
	6.6 Joint Failures
	6.7 Water Penetration or Emission
	6.8 Chemical Attack
	6.9 Slab Replacement
	6.10 Slab Overlays
	6.11 Improving Abrasion Resistance
	6.12 Repair of Deteriorated Overlays, Toppings, and Hardeners
	References
7 Renovating Post-Tensioned Concrete
	7.1 System Overview
	7.2 Evolution of Post-Tensioned Structures
	7.3 Typical Reasons for Repair of Post-Tensioned Buildings
	7.4 Planning for Repairs
	7.5 Nondestructive Testing
	7.6 Destructive Testing
	7.7 Repair Methods
	7.8 A Step-by-Step Example: Replacing Post-Tensioned Stressing-End Anchorage
	References
8 Renovating Wood Structures
	8.1 Historical Background
	8.2 Wood Deterioration
	8.3 Detecting Deterioration
	8.4 Preventing Deterioration
	8.5 Shrinkage and Defects
	8.6 Repairing Wood Members
	8.7 Strengthening Wood Members
	8.8 Renovating Wood Trusses
	8.9 Case Study 1: Repairing Termite Damage in Trusses
	8.10 Case Study 2: Restoring Fire Damage to the Exeter Street Theater
	References
9 Renovating Masonry
	9.1 Masonry as a Construction Material
	9.2 Evolution of Masonry Design Methods
	9.3 Evaluation of Masonry Structures
	9.4 Masonry Repair
	9.5 Strengthening Masonry Structural Elements
	9.6 Repairing Masonry Arches
	9.7 Other Masonry Renovation Tasks
	References
10 Renovating Metal Building Systems
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Evolution of Metal Building Systems
	10.3 Primary Frames
	10.4 Expansion of Metal Building Systems
	10.5 Lateral Stability
	10.6 Secondary Framing
	10.7 Wall Materials
	10.8 Metal Roofing
	10.9 Insulation and Vapor Retarders
	10.10 Renovation Checklist
	10.11 Case Study
	References
11 Strengthening Lateral Load–Resisting Systems
	11.1 Lateral-Load Basics
	11.2 Lateral Load–Resisting Systems
	11.3 A Brief History of Wind and Seismic Codes
	11.4 Code Provisions for Seismic Upgrading
	11.5 Typical Tasks for Lateral-Load Upgrading
	11.6 Reinforcing Diaphragms
	11.7 Reinforcing Wood, Steel, and Masonry Buildings
	11.8 Reinforcing Concrete Buildings
	11.9 Energy-Dissipating Devices
	11.10 Seismic Isolation
	11.11 Reinforcing Nonstructural Elements
	References
12 Case Studies in Seismic Upgrading
	12.1 Case 1: Seismic Upgrading of a Former Industrial Building
	12.2 Case 2: Proposed Renovation of an Unreinforced-Masonry Building
	12.3 Case 3: Seismic Upgrade of Terminal 1, Oakland International Airport
	12.4 Case 4: Seismic Retrofit of the Administration Building, San Francisco State University
13 Renovating Building Façades
	13.1 General Issues
	13.2 Curtain-Wall Problems Caused by Structural Forces and Movements
	13.3 Water Leakage
	13.4 Rehabilitating Solid Masonry Walls
	13.5 Brick-Veneer Walls with CMU Backup
	13.6 Brick-Veneer Walls with Steel Studs
	13.7 Repairing Brick-Veneer Walls
	13.8 Repairing Stone and Stone-Panel Walls
	13.9 Rehabilitating Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems
	13.10 Rehabilitating Other Wall Types
	References
Index