Strengthening Integrity and Fig - OECD

Table of contents
Acronyms
Executive Summary
INTES and Report Rationale: Linking Integrity, Outcomes and Corruption
	Background
	Assessment methodology
	About this report
Chapter 1. Overview
	Serbian education and its integrity context
	The education system
	Reform impetus
	The general integrity climate
	Existing evidence on corruption in Serbian education
Chapter 2. Fair Access to Education
	Area of integrity concern #1: access and success in higher education
	Factors driving demand
	Factors creating opportunity
Chapter 3. Better Quality of Education
	Area of integrity concern #2: quality of teaching and learning in school
	Factors driving demand
	Factors creating opportunity
Chapter 4. Staff Policies and Management of Resources
	Area of integrity concern #3: school management and operation: revenues
	Factors driving demand
	Factors creating opportunity
	Area of integrity concern #4: hiring and firing of staff
	Salary, career structure and attractiveness of the profession
	Entering the profession: staff selection and appointment
	Keeping the job: redundant teachers
	The school leadership: (re-)appointment of principals
Chapter 5. Capacity For Prevention and Detection
	Prevention and detection capacity in the education sector
	Data and information
	Transparency of budget formulation
	Public procurement and textbooks
	Accountability of higher education institutions
	Integrity of standard-setting and quality assurance bodies
	Codes of professional conduct
	Stakeholder engagement in the governance of education institutions
	National anti-corruption framework: how fit is it for the education sector?
	Criminalisation of corruption in education
	Detection and prevention: specialised bodies and mechanisms
Recommendations and Follow-Up
Chapter 6. Recommendations and Follow-Up
	Addressing demand for fairer access to education (Chapter 2)
	Access to higher education
	Access to financial support
	Assessment and academic standards
	Addressing demand for better quality of education (Chapter 3)
	Curriculum and learning time
	Quality of teaching
	Private tutoring
	School inspections
	Addressing demand for better management and staff policies (Chapter 4)
	School management and operation
	Staff policies
	Closing opportunity gaps: strengthening prevention and detection capacity (Chapter 5)
	Data and transparency
	Textbooks
	Higher education accountability
	Integrity of standard-setting bodies
	Codes of professional conduct
	Stakeholder engagement in the governance of education institutions
	National anti-corruption framework
	Next steps
	Conclusion
Annex A. Summary of Main Recommendations for a Follow-up
Annex B. Follow-up Measures of the Serbian Authorities Undertaken After the INTES Assessment
	Staff policies
	Careers
	School leadership
	Codes of conduct
	Hiring of staff
	Addressing demand for better quality of education
	Curriculum and learning time
	VET modernisation
	Quality of teaching
	School inspections
	Addressing demand for access to education
	End-of-year and admission exams
	Higher education
	Pre-school coverage
	Inclusion of children with disabilities and from vulnerable groups
	Other initiatives
Annex C. Preliminary Integrity Scan (PRINTS) of the Serbian Education System: approach and Results 1
	PRINTS: quantitative section (QNS)
	Interpretation limits
	The OECD average
	The PRINTS method
	Pilot selection and application of indicators for PRINTS
	PRINTS: qualitative section (QLS)
	PRINTS QLS Level I – System level demand analysis
	PRINTS QLS Level II – Prevention and detection framework
	PRINTS QLS: INTES Data and information grid with responses from the Serbian authorities
Annex D. Indicators on Private Tutoring in European Union Countries
Box 2.1 Higher education in an era of booming enrolments and tightening belts
Box 2.2 The organisation of faculty entrance examinations
Box 2.3 Admissions to tertiary education: international practice
Box 3.1 Lack of confidence in inspectors
Box 4.1 Recruitment of principals – two cases
Figure 0.1. The vicious circle of corruption in education
Figure 1.1. Overview of the education system of Serbia
Figure 1.2. Complaints and requests to MoES by beneficiaries, by type and frequency, December 2010-December 2011
Figure 1.3. Complaints and requests to MoES by education staff, by type and frequency, December 2010-December 2011
Figure 2.1. Growth rates in tertiary education, 2007-09
Figure 3.1. Share of students that attend either enrichment or remedial lessons in any of the three subjects, for selected countries
Figure 3.2. Share of students attending out-of-school lessons in Serbian, mathematics and science
Figure 3.3. Share of students attending one-to-one lessons with non-school teachers for selected countries, by quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status
Figure 3.4. Share of students attending out-of-school lessons, by subject and type of lesson
Figure 4.1. Distribution of annual public and private expenditure in primary and secondary education in Serbia (2007) and OECD countries (2008)
Figure 4.2. Teacher salaries and career progression in Serbia (2010) and selected OECD countries (2008)
Figure 4.3. Ratio of all students that want to become teachers to students in the top quarter of reading performance, PISA 2006
Figure 5.1. Frequency of complaints and information requests to the MoES via the web
Figure C.1. Standard indicator selection and interpretation process
Figure C.2. Serbia: integrity PRINTS for access/equity
Figure C.3. Mean reading score in PISA 2009 and perceptions of corruption
Figure C.4. Serbia: integrity PRINTS for quality
Figure C.5. Serbia: integrity PRINTS for staff and resources
Table 2.1. Education levels of the working-age population (%)
Table 2.2. Average annual tuition fees relative to GDP per capita, 2008 (OECD) and 2009 (Serbia)
Table 3.1. Household expenditure on primary and secondary education, 2006/07
Table 4.1. Composition of local government expenditure by function: 2007, 2009 (in 2009 RSD)
Table 4.2. Variation in local per-class investment, primary education:
Table 4.3. School buildings in Serbia by year of construction (share of total)
Table 4.4. Sources of private investment in primary and secondary education, 2006/07, excluding private tutoring
Table 4.5. Overview of funding sources, school accounts and reporting of schools, 2012
Table 4.6. Career advancement categories and corresponding salary increases by proposing group, 2011
Table 5.1. Subject matter of complaints by complainants and addressees as stipulated in the Law on the Foundations of the Education System
Table B.1. Pre-school coverage in Serbia, 2007-11
Table C.1. Serbia: sample of integrity PRINTS for pre-university access
Table C.2. Integrity relationships: pilot selection on access
Table C.3. Integrity relationships: pilot selection on quality
Table C.4. Integrity relationships: pilot selection on staff and resource management
Table C.5. Overview: data and information Grid, Level I, Version 1
Table C.6. Overview: data and information Grid, Level II, Version 1
Table C.7. Data and information grid: Serbia, 2011
Supplementary Table 1. Data on inclusion of children with special educational needs (2010/2011)
Supplementary Table 2. Study scholarships and loans
Supplementary Table 3. Average teacher/student ratio in different types of schools