Stirring Up Hatred: Myth, Identity and Order in the Regulation of Hate Speech

Acknowledgements
Contents
Abbreviations
1 Introduction
	The Legislation
		The Current Legislation
		Evolution of the Offences/Chapter Overview
	The Legal Context
		Domestic Legal Context
			Hate Crime
			Public Order
			Incitement
		International Legal Context
			Freedom of Expression
			Duty to Legislate Against Racial and Religious Hate Speech
			Duty to Legislate Against Hate Speech on Other Grounds
	The Method
		Genealogy
		Parliamentary Debates
		Critical Discourse Analysis
	The Language
		Talking About Hatred
		Talking About Identity Groups
		Talking About ‘Britishness’
	References
2 Myth, Identity, Order
	Introduction
	Myth
		Myth and Logos
		Myth and Pathos
		Myth and Ethos
	Identity
		Imagined Communities
		Bio/Necropolitics
		Fantasies and Fetishes of Difference
		Ressentiment
	Order
		The Value of ‘Public Order’
		Ordering Subjects
		Law and Order
	Conclusion
	References
3 Peace and Liberty: Public Order Act 1936
	Introduction
		Case Law
		Local Acts
		Draft Public Order Legislation
	The Problem
		Risks of violence
		Antisemitism and Racism
		Violations of liberty
	Blame
		Fascism: A Foreign Aberration
		“Whether of the Right or of the Left”
		Structural Causes
	Solutions
		Provocative Legislation?
		Specifying Grounds
	Conclusion
	References
4 Race and Order: Public Order Act 1963 and Race Relations Acts 1965 and 1976
	Introduction
		After World War II
		The Public Order Act 1963 (POA63)
		The Race Relations Act 1965 (RRA65)
		The Race Relations Act 1976 (RRA76)
	Visions of order
		Risks of violence
		Freedom of speech
		Equality
	Differentiating Identities
		‘Race’ in the law
		Distinguishing Religion
		Racialisation and Deracialisation
		Whiteness and Ressentiment
	Conclusion
	References
5 Class and Control: Public Order Act 1986
	Introduction
		Thatcherite Neoliberalism
	New Threats to Public Order (s 5)
		Young Savages and Vulnerable Victims
		Counternarratives
	Organised Protest (Part II)
		The Life of the Community
		Freedom and Intimidation
	Stirring Up Racial Hatred in the New Public Order (Part III)
		The Scope of the Stirring Up Hatred Offences
		The Harms of Racial Hatred
	Conclusion
	References
6 Being and Believing: Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006
	Introduction
		Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (CJPOA)
		Religious Discrimination and Remedies Bill
		Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 (ATCSA)
		Religious Offences Bill
		Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (SOCPA)
		Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 (RRHA)
	Defining Religious Hatred and the Scope of the RRHA
		The Legal Gap
		The Relationship Between Race and Religion
		Distinguishing Between Beliefs and Believers
	‘Managing Diversity’
		Vulnerable or Dangerous Victims
		Tolerance
		Integration
	Conclusion
	References
7 Progress and Tradition: Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008
	Introduction
	The Legal Gap
		S 5 Public Order Act 1986 and s 146 Criminal Justice Act 2003
		The Common Law Offence of Incitement and the Serious Crime Act 2007
	The Commensurability of Categories
		Mutability
		Being and Doing
		SO Hatred and Public Order
	Alterity in Victim and Villain Identities
		Christian Privilege and Ressentiment
		Alienating Homophobia
	Conclusion
	References
8 Decoloniality and Deneoliberality: A Six-Point Toolkit
	Introduction
	Resisting Colonial and Neoliberal Logics in Hate Speech Law
		Resist Adjudicating Identities: Focus on the Hatred
		Resist Majoritarian ‘Balancing’: Promote Dignity
		Resist the Problematisation of Difference: Focus on the Hatred
		Resist Fantasies of Virtue: Promote Accountability
		Resist Pacification: Celebrate Dynamism
		Resist Fear: Nurture Compassion
	Conclusion
	References
Appendix: Hansard
Index