Steps toward a Philosophy of Engineering: Historico-Philosophical and Critical Essays

Steps toward a Philosophy of Engineering
	Contents
	Preface
	Acknowledgments
	Fragments in Search of an Introduction: Remarks on Engineering as a Theme in Philosophy
		Emergence
		Complementary Contexts: West and East
		Engineering Studies
		North American Initiatives
		Engineering in Words
		Philosophy and Engineering
		Engineering Is Everywhere
		Aspirations
	Part One
		1 Science, Technology, Engineering, and the Military
			1. Observations from History
			2. Historico-Philosophical Background
			3. After World War II in the United States
			4. Military Embeds with Philosophy of Engineering
			5. Conclusion
			6. Addendum: Reengineering Warfare
		2 Ethics into Design
			1. On the Existence of Design
			2. On the Social Dimensions of Modern Design
			3. On the Ethics of Designing
			4. Two Versions of an Ethics in Design
			5. Notes toward an Inner Ethics of Design
			Notes
		3 The Importance of Philosophy to Engineering
			1. Self-Defense and Philosophy
			2. Self-Interest and Philosophy
			3. Excursus: Three Questions
			4. Engineering and Ethics
			5. Beyond Applied Ethics: Self-Knowledge and Philosophy
			Notes
		4 From Dasein to Design: The Problematics of Turning Making into Thinking (with J. Britt Holbrook)
			1. The Etymology of “Design”
			2. Technological Design History
			3. Engineering Design as the Turning of Making into Thinking
			4. The Problematics of Engineering Design
			5. A Duty Plus Respicere and Its Discontents
			6. The Metaphysics of Engineering Design
			7. Authenticity in Engineering Design
		5 Professional Idealism among Scientists and Engineers: A Neglected Tradition in STS Studies
			1. FAS, the Bulletin, Pugwash, and UCS
			2. Committee for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility
			3. Implications
		6 Can Engineering Be Philosophical?
			1. Oppositions
			2. Obligations
			3. Options
			4. Conclusion
			5. Philosophical Engineering: Five Theses
		7 Convivial Software: An End-User Perspective on Free and Open Source Software
			1. Technological Invention in a Social Context
			2. The Engineering Ideal
			3. The Convivial Technology Ideal
			4. Conclusion and Implications
			5. Addendum: The Speed Trap
		8 Comparing Approaches to Philosophy of Engineering: Including the Linguistic Philosophical Approach (with Robert Mackey)
			1. Introduction
			2. Six Basic Types
			3. Toward a Linguistic Philosophy of Engineering
			4. Conclusion
	Part Two
		9 A Spectrum of Ideals in Engineering Ethics, Simplified
			1. Historical Dialectics of Ethics and Engineering
			2. First Thesis: Obedience to Authority and Company Loyalty
			3. The Principle of Loyal Obedience
			4. Second Thesis: Technocratic Efficiency
			5. The Principle of Efficiency
			6. Third Thesis: Public Safety, Health, and Welfare
			7. Public Safety, Health, and Welfare as Paramount
			8. Environmentalism and Sustainability
			9. A Participation Principle
			10. Elaborating: Selective North American Cases and Issues
			11. The Jakobsen, Payne, and ASCE Case (1930s)
			12. The Hydrolevel Case (1960s)
			13. The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) Case (1970s)
			14. The Challenger Disaster (1980s)
			15. Whistle-Blowing as a Duty to Public Disclosure
			16. Concluding Non-Dialectic Postscript
			17. Toward a Soft Dialectical Synthesis
			18. A Duty Plus Respicere to Take More into Account
			19. Practical Guidelines for Exercising a Duty Plus Respicere
			Notes
		10 The Concept of Sustainability: Origins and Ambivalences
			1. A Historical and Philosophical Background for Sustainability
			2. Immediate Origins of the Concept of Sustainable Development
			3. Sustainable Development and Some Near Neighbors
			4. Criticisms of Sustainability
			5. Conclusion
			6. Addenda: Economics, Philosophy, Engineering, and Ecomodernism
			Notes
		11 Engineering Ethics Education in the American Context: Retrospect and Prospect
			1. A Brief History of Key Ideas in Engineering Ethics
			2. Engineering Ethics: Some Quantitative Observations
			3. Ethics into Engineering Education
			4. Contemporary Possibilities: A Policy Turn?
			5. Coda: Post-Engineering
		12 Notes on Engineering Ethics in Global Perspective (with Gary Lee Downey and Juan Lucena)
			1. Japan: Engineering and Profession as Household
			2. Engineering Ethics as Institutional Protection in Hong Kong
			3. French Engineers, Progress, and the Rational State
			4. Germany: Engineering and Bildung
			5. Engineering Ethics as Social Reform in Sweden
			6. The Dominican Republic: An Engineering Ethics Failure
			7. Engineering Ethics as Alternative Development in Chile
			8. Conclusion: Globalized Diversity
			9. Acknowledgment
			10. Addendum:  A Further Note
		13 Humanitarian Engineering (with David Muñoz)
			1. Shifting Contexts and Constraints
			2. Humanitarianism in History
			3. Five Phases in Modern Humanitarianism
			4. Humanitarian Engineering
			5. Challenges
			6. Conclusion: Humanizing Technology
		14 A Philosophical Inadequacy in Engineering
			1. Engineering Defined
			2. Historical Emergence
			3. The Problem
			4. Conclusion
			5. Addendum: The Sociological Inadequacy of Engineering—Response to David Goldberg
		15 The True Grand Challenge for Engineering: Self-Knowledge
			1. An Axial Age
			2. Two Cultures Recidivus
			3. Why Humanities?
			4. Reenvisioning Engineering
			5. Addendum: Simondon’s Dream
		16 From Engineering Ethics to Politics (with Wang Nan)
			1. Pre-Philosophical Origins
			2. Initiating Engineering-Philosophical Discussions: Germany
			3. Initiating Engineering-Philosophical Discussions: United States
			4. Globalization
			5. From Ethics to Politics
			6. Conclusion
			7. Coda: Toward a Political Philosophy of Engineering
	Part Three
		17 Engineering Policy: Exploratory Reflections
			1. Conceptual Issue: What Is Policy?
			2. Background: Classics in Science Policy
			3. Science, Technology, and Engineering
			4. Normative Arguments: Henry Petroski
			5. Normative Arguments: Roger Pielke, Jr.
			6. Normative Arguments: Natasha McCarthy
			7. Conclusion
		18 Energy Constraints (with Jessica Smith)
			1. Anthropologies of Energy
			2. Philosophies of Energy
			3. Type I versus Type II Energy Ethics
		19 Can Philosophy Be Engineering?
			1. Learning from Trying
			2. Toward an Engineering Epistemology and Metaphysics
			3. The Question of Engineering
			4. Questions of Engineering Ethics and Politics
			5. Conclusion
		20 In Conclusion
			1. Where to Begin?
			2. Continuing
			3. And More
			4. Concluding Unsystematic Postscript: Toward a Techno-Human Condition or Clash of Anthropologies?
			5. Hemingway and Marinetti
	Appendix
		On Engineering Use and Convenience
			1. The Charter of the Institution of Civil Engineers
			2. Immediate Origins of the Charter
			3. Description of a Civil Engineer: By Thomas Tredgold
			4. Thomas Telford and the Institution in Cultural Context
			5. Telford’s Path: From Stone Mason to Engineer
			6. Use and Convenience: Before and after Tredgold and Telford
			7. The Distractions of Convenience
			8. A Convenience Paradox
			9. An Engineering Philosophy for Engineering
			10. Objections and Qualifications
	Reference
	Index
	About the Author