Stem Cell Repair And Regeneration, Volume 3 (The Hammersmith Series)

Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 10
Preface......Page 20
Historical Perspective......Page 22
Tenocytes......Page 24
Neural......Page 25
In vivo differentiation potential......Page 26
Isolation of MSCs from Site Other Than the Bone Marrow......Page 27
Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells......Page 28
MSC Cell Surface Markers......Page 29
Self-Renewal of MSCs......Page 31
Signalling Pathways Involved in MSC Proliferation and Differentiation......Page 32
References......Page 35
Introduction......Page 42
Acquisition and Expansion of MSCs......Page 44
MSCs for Regenerative Medicine......Page 48
Modulation of the Immune Response by MSCs......Page 52
Concluding Remarks......Page 53
References......Page 54
Introduction......Page 66
Design Principles......Page 67
Cells......Page 68
Bioprocess characterization......Page 70
Bioreactors......Page 73
References......Page 76
Introduction......Page 80
The Hurdles of the Immune System......Page 81
Expression of MHC Class I and MHC Class II......Page 83
Immune privilege......Page 85
Patient-specific cell lines......Page 86
ES cell banking......Page 89
Genetic manipulation......Page 90
Jumping the Hurdles: Immune Tolerance......Page 91
Conclusion......Page 94
Acknowledgements......Page 95
References......Page 96
Introduction......Page 102
The major histocompatibility complex......Page 103
Allorecognition and T cell activation......Page 104
MHC expression by stem cells......Page 106
Mechanisms of Immune Attack on ES Cell-Derived Transplants......Page 108
Pathogen recognition in innate immune responses......Page 111
Adaptive immunity......Page 115
Tolerance......Page 118
Immune subterfuge: transplantation into immune-privileged areas......Page 119
ES cell nuclear transfer and parthenogenesis......Page 120
References......Page 121
Introduction......Page 132
Allograft Rejection is Mediated by Immunorecognition of MHC Antigens......Page 133
HLA Down-Regulation as a Novel Immunoevasion Strategy......Page 134
Application of siRNA-Based Methods for Knockdown of HLA Expression......Page 136
Retrovirus and Lentivirus-Based Vectors: Background......Page 138
Development of Lentiviral Vectors for Silencing of HLA Class I Expression......Page 140
Resistance to Alloreactive CTL-Mediated Killing Without LAK Cell-Mediated Killing......Page 142
Conclusion: Reducing Histocompatibility Barriers by Conditioning the Graft, Not the Host......Page 144
References......Page 147
Introduction......Page 150
Fundamentals of Myocardial Regeneration......Page 151
Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells......Page 155
Cord Blood Haematopoietic Stem Cells......Page 157
Cord Blood Endothelial Progenitor Cells......Page 159
Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells......Page 160
UCB-USSC......Page 161
Umbilical Cord Cells......Page 162
Placenta/Amniotic Fluid MSCs......Page 163
References......Page 164
Suggested Review Papers......Page 167
The clinical problem: coronary heart disease and heart failure......Page 168
Embryonic stem cells......Page 169
Skeletal myoblasts......Page 170
Initial Pilot Studies......Page 171
Randomised Controlled Studies......Page 177
Conclusions......Page 182
References......Page 183
Introduction......Page 188
Parkinson’s Disease......Page 189
Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons......Page 190
Clinical Trials of Foetal Tissue Transplantation in Parkinson’s Disease......Page 191
Huntington’s Disease......Page 193
Clinical Trials of Foetal Tissue Transplantation in Huntington’s Disease......Page 194
Non-Neural Tissues as Sources of Neural Cells......Page 195
References......Page 198
Introduction......Page 202
Rationale for Cellular Therapy in Stroke......Page 203
NT2 cell line......Page 204
Neural stem cells (NSCs)......Page 206
Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs)......Page 207
Possible Mechanisms for Functional Recovery Following Neurotransplantation of Adult Stem Cells......Page 208
Decreased apoptosis in penumbral tissue......Page 209
Recruitment of endogenous stem cells......Page 210
Route of delivery......Page 211
Choice of patient......Page 212
Safety......Page 213
References......Page 214
Cell Sourcing......Page 220
Unmet medical needs and renal cell therapy......Page 222
Preclinical Studies of the Bioartificial Kidney......Page 224
Preclinical Studies of the Bioartificial Kidney in Sepsis and ARF......Page 225
Clinical Studies of the Bioartificial Kidney......Page 226
Conclusion......Page 228
References......Page 229
Introduction......Page 232
Corneal Epithelium......Page 234
Corneal Endothelium......Page 240
Retina......Page 241
Summary......Page 242
References......Page 244
Genetic control of retinal development......Page 249
Sources of therapeutic cells......Page 251
Retina regeneration......Page 252
Stem cells and retinal neuroprotection......Page 253
Delivery of GDNF to the retina through engineered embryonic stem cells......Page 256
Conclusion......Page 258
References......Page 259
Introduction......Page 248
Introduction......Page 268
Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Location......Page 269
The Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Niche......Page 270
Importance of the Limbal Stem Cell Niche in Maintaining Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells......Page 272
Cell size......Page 274
p63......Page 275
Limbal Epithelial–Mesenchymal Interaction in LESCD......Page 276
Limbal epithelial stem cell therapy......Page 278
Limbal epithelial stem cell therapy techniques......Page 279
Plasma polymer-coated surfaces......Page 280
Future Prospects......Page 282
References......Page 283
Introduction......Page 290
Cellular therapeutics......Page 291
Bone healing and regeneration......Page 292
Bone and tissue engineering......Page 294
In vitro studies......Page 296
Animal studies and clinical trials......Page 299
Cartilage Regeneration......Page 302
In vitro studies......Page 304
Animal studies and clinical trials......Page 305
Conclusions......Page 310
References......Page 311
Index......Page 316