دسترسی نامحدود
برای کاربرانی که ثبت نام کرده اند
برای ارتباط با ما می توانید از طریق شماره موبایل زیر از طریق تماس و پیامک با ما در ارتباط باشید
در صورت عدم پاسخ گویی از طریق پیامک با پشتیبان در ارتباط باشید
برای کاربرانی که ثبت نام کرده اند
درصورت عدم همخوانی توضیحات با کتاب
از ساعت 7 صبح تا 10 شب
ویرایش:
نویسندگان: coll.
سری:
ناشر: OECD
سال نشر: 2017
تعداد صفحات: 158
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 5 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Status of Power System Transformation Status of Power System Transformation 2017 به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب Status of Power System Transformation Status of Power System Transformation 2017 نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
Status of Power System Transformation 2017 Table of contents Acknowledgements Executive summary Chapter 1. Introduction Objectives and scope Structure of the report Power system transformation assessment framework and case studies References Chapter 2. Transformation pathways and recent developments in the power sector Current structures and pathways for power sector transformation Current structures and pathways Expanding energy access Transformation pathways for the power sector Recent trends and developments in the power sector Building on lessons learned Increasing knowledge of and experience with VRE integration Refined evaluation and measurement of energy access Evolving roles, actors and interests Increasing participation of the demand side through market, policy and regulatory reforms Greater private-sector participation in dynamic electricity markets Innovative support for low-income customers through rooftop solar programmes Emerging investment frameworks Increasingly system-friendly procurement of VRE resources Evolving regulatory frameworks for encouraging investment in DER Reduced investment potential in wholesale power markets with static demand Responses to changing market conditions and technology drivers Increasing flexibility of thermal generation fleets Increasing cross-border co-ordination and power sector integration Relying on stand-alone, small-scale power systems for providing rural energy services Evolving public policy and regulatory strategies More ambitious targets for renewable energy deployment Increasing competitive procurement of VRE Value-based remuneration for DER customers Greater investment and incentives for vehicle electrification Adoption of new end-use technologies EVs Smart and efficient buildings Heat pumps References Chapter 3. Transforming power system planning and operation to support VRE integration Challenges depend on different phases of VRE deployment Technological options and operational practices to address operational challenges of VRE Technical measures Real-time monitoring and control of VRE by the system operator Tools and techniques for enhancing transmission line capacity Power plant flexibility Use of special protection schemes Advanced VRE technologies and design Establish a limit on system non-synchronous penetration Inertia-based fast frequency response Smart inverter Advanced pumped hydropower operation Grid-level storage Economic measures Integrating forecasting into power system operations Incorporating VRE in the dispatch Sophisticated sizing of operating reserves Faster scheduling and dispatch Co-ordinating dispatch across balancing areas and interconnector management The need for operational requirements relevant to VRE plants The role of grid codes and VRE plants Technical requirements are prioritised according to the level of VRE deployment Integrated planning with higher deployment of VRE Integrated planning incorporating demand resources Integrated generation and network planning Integrated planning between the power sector and other sectors Inter-regional planning Planning and operation of low- and medium-voltage grids in light of increased DER New planning requirements Improved screening/study techniques Advanced data-driven local system management References Chapter 4. Policy, regulatory and market frameworks to support VRE integration Policy, market and regulatory frameworks for efficient operation of the power system Least-cost dispatch - the role of short-term markets (minutes to hours) Moving operational decisions and trade closer to real time Improving pricing during scarcity/capacity shortage Designing capacity mechanisms Reforming mechanisms for the procurement of system services Exchanging electricity over larger geographical areas Ensuring sufficient investment in clean power generation Pricing of negative externalities Unlocking sufficient levels of flexibility Flexible generation Demand-side integration Storage Grid investment References Chapter 5. Topical focus: Evolution of local grids A paradigm shift – local grids in future energy systems Current drivers for change Uptake of DER fosters decentralisation of supply Smartening of local grids by utilities Electrification of heating and transport Long-term vision for local grids How to foster the opportunities of digitalization Secure and effective system operations under a high degree of decentralisation Addressing DER – a focus on solar PV Smart grid options Advanced modelling capabilities Ensuring economic efficiency and social fairness through compensation mechanism and retail rate design The need for a new retail rate design Degrees of granularity for retail tariffs Compensating DER Implications for policy design Revisiting roles and responsibilities Elements of structural reform References Chapter 6. Power system transformation assessment framework and case studies Framework for assessing power system transformation Markets and operations Planning and infrastructure development Uptake of innovative technology Efficiency and sector coupling Indonesia General overview of Indonesia’s power sector Market and operations Wholesale level Retail level Planning and infrastructure development Integrated planning frameworks Electricity grid planning Uptake of innovative technologies Smart technologies Flexible resources Resource-efficient technologies Efficiency and sector coupling Summary and main observations South Africa General overview of South Africa’s power sector Market and operations Wholesale level Retail level Planning and infrastructure development Integrated planning frameworks Electric grid planning Uptake of innovative technologies Smart technologies Flexible resources Resource-efficient technologies Efficiency and sector coupling Electrification of the transport sector Electrification of heating and cooling Energy efficiency Summary and main observations Mexico General overview of the Mexican power sector Markets and operations Wholesale level Bulk system operation Electricity market framework Retail level Planning and infrastructure development Integrated planning frameworks Grid expansion Uptake of innovative technologies Smart technologies Flexible resources Resource-efficient technologies Efficiency and sector coupling Summary and main observations Australia General overview of Australia’s power sector Market and operations Wholesale level Bulk power system operations Electricity market framework Retail level Local grid operations Retail market frameworks Planning and infrastructure development Integrated planning frameworks Electricity grid planning Uptake of innovative technologies Smart technologies Flexible resources Resource-efficient technologies Efficiency and sector coupling Electrification of the transport sector Electrification of heating and cooling Energy efficiency Summary and main observations References Annex A. Details of technical measures to address power system challenges Introduction Technical measures during the later phases of VRE deployment Tools and techniques for enhancing transmission line capacity Dynamic line rating Flexible alternating current transmission system devices Phase shifter Advanced VRE technologies and design Higher direct current to alternating current ratio for solar PV plants Changing orientations and tilt angle of solar PV panels Advanced wind turbine technology Establish a limit on system non-synchronous penetration Inertia-based fast frequency response Smart inverter Advanced pumped hydropower operation Grid-level storage References Abbreviations and acronyms Units of measure