Statistics : learning from data

Cover
Author Bios
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Section I: Collecting Data
	Chapter 1: Collecting Data in Reasonable Ways
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		1.1 Statistics-It's All about Variability
		1.2 Statistical Studies: Observation and Experimentation
		1.3 Collecting Data: Planning an Observational Study
		1.4 Collecting Data-Planning an Experiment
		1.5 The Importance of Random Selection and Random Assignment: What Types of Conclusions Are Reasonable?
		1.6 Avoid These Common Mistakes
		Chapter Activities
		Chapter 1 Explorations in Statistical Thinking
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 1 Review Exercises
Section II: Describing Data Distributions
	Chapter 2: Graphical Methods for Describing Data Distributions
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		2.1 Selecting an Appropriate Graphical Display
		2.2 Displaying Categorical Data: Bar Charts and Comparative Bar Charts
		2.3 Displaying Numerical Data: Dotplots, Stem-and-Leaf Displays, and Histograms
		2.4 Displaying Bivariate Numerical Data: Scatterplots and Time Series Plots
		2.5 Graphical Displays in the Media
		2.6 Avoid These Common Mistakes
		Chapter Activities
		Chapter 2 Explorations in Statistical Thinking
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 2 Review Exercises
		Technology Notes
	Chapter 3: Numerical Methods for Describing Data Distributions
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		3.1 Selecting Appropriate Numerical Summaries
		3.2 Describing Center and Variability for Data Distributions That Are Approximately Symmetric
		3.3 Describing Center and Variability for Data Distributions That Are Skewed or Have Outliers
		3.4 Summarizing a Data Set: Boxplots
		3.5 Measures of Relative Standing: z-scores and Percentiles
		3.6 Avoid These Common Mistakes
		Chapter Activities
		Chapter 3 Explorations in Statistical Thinking
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 3 Review Exercises
		Technology Notes
	Chapter 4: Describing Bivariate Numerical Data
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		4.1 Correlation
		4.2 Linear Regression: Fitting a Line to Bivariate Data
		4.3 Assessing the Fit of a Line
		4.4 Describing Linear Relationships and Making Predictions-Putting It All Together
		4.5 Avoid These Common Mistakes
		Chapter Activities
		Chapter 4 Explorations in Statistical Thinking
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 4 Review Exercises
		Technology Notes
Section III: A Foundation for Inference: Reasoning about Probability
	Chapter 5: Probability
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		5.1 Interpreting Probabilities
		5.2 Calculating Probabilities
		5.3 Probabilities of More Complex Events: Unions, Intersections, and Complements
		5.4 Conditional Probability
		5.5 Calculating Probabilities-A More Formal Approach (Optional)
		5.6 Probability as a Basis for Making Decisions
		5.7 Estimating Probabilities Empirically and Using Simulation (Optional)
		Chapter Activities
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 5 Review Exercises
	Chapter 6: Random Variables and Probability Distributions
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		6.1 Random Variables
		6.2 Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables
		6.3 Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables
		6.4 The Mean and Standard Deviation of a Random Variable
		6.5 Normal Distributions
		6.6 Checking for Normality
		6.7 Binomial and Geometric Distributions (Optional)
		6.8 Using the Normal Distribution to Approximate a Discrete Distribution (Optional)
		Chapter Activities
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 6 Review Exercises
		Technology Notes
Section IV: Learning from Sample Data
	Chapter 7: An Overview of Statistical Inference-Learning from Data
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		7.1 Statistical Inference-What You Can Learn from Data
		7.2 Selecting an Appropriate Method-Four Key Questions
		7.3 A Five-Step Process for Statistical Inference
		Chapter Activities
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 7 Review Exercises
	Chapter 8: Sampling Variability and Sampling Distributions
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		8.1 Statistics and Sampling Variability
		8.2 The Sampling Distribution of a Sample Proportion
		8.3 How Sampling Distributions Support Learning from Data
		Chapter Activities
		Chapter 8 Explorations in Statistical Thinking
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 8 Review Exercises
	Chapter 9: Estimating a Population Proportion
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		9.1 Selecting an Estimator
		9.2 Estimating a Population Proportion-Margin of Error
		9.3 A Large Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion
		9.4 Choosing a Sample Size to Achieve a Desired Margin of Error
		9.5 Bootstrap Confidence Intervals for a Population Proportion (Optional)
		9.6 Avoid These Common Mistakes
		Chapter Activities
		Chapter 9: Explorations in Statistical Thinking
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 9 Review Exercises
		Technology Notes
	Chapter 10: Asking and Answering Questions about a Population Proportion
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		10.1 Hypotheses and Possible Conclusions
		10.2 Potential Errors in Hypothesis Testing
		10.3 The Logic of Hypothesis Testing-An Informal Example
		10.4 A Procedure for Carrying Out a Hypothesis Test
		10.5 Large-Sample Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
		10.6 Randomization Tests and Exact Binomial Tests for One Proportion (Optional)
		10.7 Avoid These Common Mistakes
		Chapter Activities
		Chapter 10: Explorations in Statistical Thinking
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 10 Review Exercises
		Technology Notes
	Chapter 11: Asking and Answering Questions about the Difference between Two Population Proportions
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		11.1 Estimating the Difference between Two Population Proportions
		11.2 Testing Hypotheses about the Difference between two Population Proportions
		11.3 Inference for Two Proportions Using Data from an Experiment
		11.4 Simulation-Based Inference for Two Proportions (Optional)
		11.5 Avoid These Common Mistakes
		Chapter Activities
		Chapter 11 Explorations in Statistical Thinking
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 11 Review Exercises
		Technology Notes
	Chapter 12: Asking and Answering Questions about a Population Mean
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		12.1 The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
		12.2 A Confidence Interval for a Population Mean
		12.3 Testing Hypotheses about a Population Mean
		12.4 Simulation-Based Inference for One Mean (Optional)
		12.5 Avoid These Common Mistakes
		Chapter Activities
		Chapter 12 Explorations in Statistical Thinking
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 12 Review Exercises
		Technology Notes
	Chapter 13: Asking and Answering Questions about the Difference between Two Means
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		13.1 Two Samples: Paired versus Independent Samples
		13.2 Learning about a Difference in Population Means Using Paired Samples
		13.3 Learning about a Difference in Population Means Using Independent Samples
		13.4 Inference for Two Means Using Data from an Experiment
		13.5 Simulation-Based Inference for Two Means (Optional)
		13.6 Avoid These Common Mistakes
		Chapter Activities
		Chapter 13 Explorations in Statistical Thinking
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 13 Review Exercises
		Technology Notes
Section V: Additional Opportunities to Learn from Data
	Chapter 14: Learning from Categorical Data
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		14.1 Chi-Square Tests for Univariate Categorical Data
		14.2 Tests for Homogeneity and Independence in a Two-Way Table
		14.3 Avoid These Common Mistakes
		Chapter Activities
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 14 Review Exercises
		Technology Notes
	Chapter 15: Understanding Relationships-Numerical Data
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		15.1 The Simple Linear Regression Model
		15.2 Inferences Concerning the Slope of the Population Regression Line
		15.3 Checking Model Adequacy
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 15 Review Exercises
		Technology Notes
	Chapter 16: Asking and Answering Questions about More Than Two Means
		Preview
		Chapter Learning Objectives
		16.1 The Analysis of Variance-Single-Factor ANOVA and the F Test
		16.2 Multiple Comparisons
		Are You Ready to Move On? Chapter 16 Review Exercises
		Technology Notes
Appendix A: Statistical Tables
Answers
Index