Starting Out with Python

Cover
Contents
	Welcome
		Cover
		Title Page
		Copyright Page
		Pearson’s Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
		Contents in a Glance
			Contents in a Glance
			Location of VideoNotes
		Preface
			Preface
			Changes in the Sixth Edition
			Brief Overview of Each Chapter
			Organization of the Text
			Features of the Text
			Supplements
			Acknowledgments
			About the Author
			Ordering Options
	1: Introduction to Computers and Programming
		1: Topics
		1.1: Introduction
		1.2: Hardware and Software
			Main Memory
			Software
			1.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		1.3: How Computers Store Data
			1.3: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		1.4: How a Program Works
			From Machine Language to Assembly Language
			Keywords, Operators, and Syntax: An Overview
			1.4: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		1.5: Using Python
			Writing Python Programs and Running Them in Script Mode
			The IDLE Programming Environment
		Chapter 1: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 1: Review Questions
			Chapter 1: Programming Exercises
	2: Input, Processing, and Output
		2: Topics
		2.1: Designing a Program
			More About the Design Process
			2.1: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		2.2: Input, Processing, and Output
		2.3: Displaying Output with the print Function
			2.3: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		2.4: Comments
		2.5: Variables
			Creating Variables with Assignment Statements
			Multiple Assignment
			Variable Naming Rules
			Displaying Multiple Items with the print Function
			Variable Reassignment
			Numeric Data Types and Literals
			Storing Strings with the str Data Type
			Reassigning a Variable to a Different Type
			2.5: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		2.6: Reading Input from the Keyboard
			Reading Numbers with the input Function
			2.6: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		2.7: Performing Calculations
			In the Spotlight: Calculating a Percentage
			Floating-Point and Integer Division
			Operator Precedence
			In the Spotlight: Calculating an Average
			The Exponent Operator
			The Remainder Operator
			Converting Math Formulas to Programming Statements
			In the Spotlight: Converting a Math Formula to a Programming Statement
			Mixed-Type Expressions and Data Type Conversion
			Breaking Long Statements into Multiple Lines
			2.7: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		2.8: String Concatenation
			2.8: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		2.9: More About the print Function
			Escape Characters
			2.9: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		2.10: Displaying Formatted Output with F-strings
			Placeholder Expressions
			Formatting Values
			Specifying a Minimum Field Width
			Aligning Values
			The Order of Designators
			Concatenation with F-strings
			2.10: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		2.11: Named Constants
			2.11: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		2.12: Introduction to Turtle Graphics
			Setting the Turtle’s Heading to a Specific Angle
			Changing the Drawing Color
			Moving the Turtle to a Specific Location
			Controlling the Turtle’s Animation Speed
			Filling Shapes
			Getting Input with a Dialog Box
			In the Spotlight: The Orion Constellation Program
			2.12: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		Chapter 2: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 2: Review Questions
			Chapter 2: Programming Exercises
	3: Decision Structures and Boolean Logic
		3: Topics
		3.1: The if Statement
			Boolean Expressions and Relational Operators
			Putting It All Together
			In the Spotlight: Using the if Statement
			Single-Line if Statements
			3.1: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		3.2: The if-else Statement
			In the Spotlight: Using the if-else Statement
			3.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		3.3: Comparing Strings
			3.3: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		3.4: Nested Decision Structures and the if-elif-else Statement
			In the Spotlight: Multiple Nested Decision Structures
			The if-elif-else Statement
			3.4: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		3.5: Logical Operators
			The Loan Qualifier Program Revisited
			Checking Numeric Ranges with Logical Operators
			3.5: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		3.6: Boolean Variables
			3.6: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		3.7: Conditional Expressions
		3.8: Assignment Expressions and the Walrus Operator
		3.9: Turtle Graphics: Determining the State of the Turtle
			In the Spotlight: The Hit the Target Game
			3.9: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		Chapter 3: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 3: Review Questions
			Chapter 3: Programming Exercises
	4: Repetition Structures
		4: Topics
		4.1: Introduction to Repetition Structures
			4.1: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		4.2: The while Loop: A Condition-Controlled Loop
			The while Loop Is a Pretest Loop
			In the Spotlight: Designing a Program with a while Loop
			Infinite Loops
			Using the while Loop as a Count-Controlled Loop 
			Single-Line while Loops
			4.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		4.3: The for Loop: A Count-Controlled Loop
			Using the range Function with the for Loop
			Using the Target Variable Inside the Loop
			In the Spotlight: Designing a Count-Controlled Loop with the for Statement
			Letting the User Control the Loop Iterations
			Generating an Iterable Sequence that Ranges from Highest to Lowest
			4.3: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		4.4: Calculating a Running Total
			The Augmented Assignment Operators
			4.4: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		4.5: Sentinels
			In the Spotlight: Using a Sentinel
			4.5: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		4.6: Input Validation Loops
			In the Spotlight: Writing an Input Validation Loop
			Using the Walrus Operator in an Input Validation Loop
			4.6: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		4.7: Nested Loops
			In the Spotlight: Using Nested Loops to Print Patterns
		4.8: Using break, continue, and else with Loops
			Using the else Clause with a Loop
		4.9: Turtle Graphics: Using Loops to Draw Designs
		Chapter 4: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 4: Review Questions
			Chapter 4: Programming Exercises
	5: Functions
		5: Topics
		5.1: Introduction to Functions
			5.1: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		5.2: Defining and Calling a Void Function
			Defining and Calling a Function
			Indentation in Python
			5.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		5.3: Designing a Program to Use Functions
			In the Spotlight: Defining and Calling Functions
			Pausing Execution Until the User Presses Enter
			Using the pass Keyword
		5.4: Local Variables
			5.4: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		5.5: Passing Arguments to Functions
			In the Spotlight: Passing an Argument to a Function
			Passing Multiple Arguments
			Making Changes to Parameters
			Keyword Arguments
			Keyword-Only Parameters
			Positional-Only Parameters
			Default Arguments
			5.5: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		5.6: Global Variables and Global Constants
			In the Spotlight: Using Global Constants
			5.6: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		5.7: Introduction to Value-Returning Functions: Generating Random Numbers
			Standard Library Functions and the import Statement
			Generating Random Numbers
			Calling Functions from an F-String
			Experimenting with Random Numbers in Interactive Mode
			In the Spotlight: Using Random Numbers
			In the Spotlight: Using Random Numbers to Represent Other Values
			The randrange, random, and uniform Functions
			Random Number Seeds
			5.7: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		5.8: Writing Your Own Value-Returning Functions
			How to Use Value-Returning Functions
			Using IPO Charts
			In the Spotlight: Modularizing with Functions
			Returning Strings
			Returning Boolean Values
			Returning Multiple Values
			Returning None from a Function
			5.8: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		5.9: The math Module
			5.9: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		5.10: Storing Functions in Modules
			Conditionally Executing the main Function in a Module
		5.11: Turtle Graphics: Modularizing Code with Functions
			Storing Your Graphics Functions in a Module
		Chapter 5: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 5: Review Questions
			Chapter 5: Programming Exercises
	6: Files and Exceptions
		6: Topics
		6.1: Introduction to File Input and Output
			Types of Files
			Opening a File
			Writing Data to a File
			Reading Data from a File
			Concatenating a Newline to a String
			Reading a String and Stripping the Newline from It
			Appending Data to an Existing File
			Writing and Reading Numeric Data
			6.1: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		6.2: Using Loops to Process Files
			Reading a File with a Loop and Detecting the End of the File
			Using Python’s for Loop to Read Lines
			In the Spotlight: Working with Files
			6.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		6.3: Using the with Statement to Open Files
			Opening Multiple Files with a with Statement
		6.4: Processing Records
			In the Spotlight: Adding and Displaying Records
			In the Spotlight: Searching for a Record
			In the Spotlight: Modifying Records
			In the Spotlight: Deleting Records
			6.4: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		6.5: Exceptions
			Handling Multiple Exceptions
			Displaying an Exception’s Default Error Message
			The else Clause
			The finally Clause
			What If an Exception Is Not Handled?
			6.5: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		Chapter 6: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 6: Review Questions
			Chapter 6: Programming Exercises
	7: Lists and Tuples
		7: Topics
		7.1: Sequences
		7.2: Introduction to Lists
			The Repetition Operator
			Iterating over a List with the for Loop
			Indexing
			The len Function
			Using a for Loop to Iterate by Index Over a List
			Lists Are Mutable
			Concatenating Lists
			7.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		7.3: List Slicing
			7.3: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		7.4: Finding Items in Lists with the in Operator
			7.4: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		7.5: List Methods and Useful Built-in Functions
			7.5: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		7.6: Copying Lists
		7.7: Processing Lists
			In the Spotlight: Using List Elements in a Math Expression
			Totaling the Values in a List
			Averaging the Values in a List
			Passing a List as an Argument to a Function
			Returning a List from a Function
			In the Spotlight: Processing a List
			Randomly Selecting List Elements
			Working with Lists and Files
		7.8: List Comprehensions
			Using if Clauses with List Comprehensions
			7.8: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		7.9: Two-Dimensional Lists
			7.9: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		7.10: Tuples
			Reassigning a Tuple to a Variable
			Storing Mutable Objects in a Tuple
			Converting Between Lists and Tuples
			7.10: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		7.11: Plotting List Data with the matplotlib Package
			Plotting a Line Graph
			Plotting a Bar Chart
			Plotting a Pie Chart
			7.11: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		Chapter 7: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 7: Review Questions
			Chapter 7: Programming Exercises
	8: More About Strings
		8: Topics
		8.1: Basic String Operations
			Accessing the Individual Characters in a String
			String Concatenation
			Strings Are Immutable
			8.1: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		8.2: String Slicing
			In the Spotlight: Extracting Characters from a String
			8.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		8.3: Testing, Searching, and Manipulating Strings
			String Methods
			In the Spotlight: Validating the Characters in a Password
			The Repetition Operator
			Splitting a String
			In the Spotlight: String Tokens
			In the Spotlight: Reading CSV Files
			8.3: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		Chapter 8: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 8: Review Questions
			Chapter 8: Programming Exercises
	9: Dictionaries and Sets
		9: Topics
		9.1: Dictionaries
			Retrieving a Value from a Dictionary
			Using the in and not in Operators to Test for a Value in a Dictionary
			Adding Elements to an Existing Dictionary
			Deleting Elements
			Getting the Number of Elements in a Dictionary
			Mixing Data Types in a Dictionary
			Creating an Empty Dictionary
			Using the for Loop to Iterate over a Dictionary
			Some Dictionary Methods
			In the Spotlight: Using a Dictionary to Simulate a Deck of Cards
			In the Spotlight: Storing Names and Birthdays in a Dictionary
			The Dictionary Merge and Update Operators
			Dictionary Comprehensions
			Using if Clauses with Dictionary Comprehensions
			9.1: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		9.2: Sets
			Adding and Removing Elements
			Using the for Loop to Iterate over a Set
			Using the in and not in Operators to Test for a Value in a Set
			Finding the Union of Sets
			Finding the Intersection of Sets
			Finding the Difference of Sets
			Finding the Symmetric Difference of Sets
			Finding Subsets and Supersets
			In the Spotlight: Set Operations
			Set Comprehensions
			9.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		9.3: Serializing Objects
			9.3: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		Chapter 9: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 9: Review Questions
			Chapter 9: Programming Exercises
	10: Classes and Object-Oriented Programming
		10: Topics
		10.1: Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming
			10.1: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		10.2: Classes
			Class Definitions
			Hiding Attributes
			Storing Classes in Modules
			The BankAccount Class
			The __str__ Method
			10.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		10.3: Working with Instances
			In the Spotlight: Creating the CellPhone Class
			Accessor and Mutator Methods
			In the Spotlight: Storing Objects in a List
			Passing Objects as Arguments
			In the Spotlight: Pickling Your Own Objects
			In the Spotlight: Storing Objects in a Dictionary
			10.3: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		10.4: Techniques for Designing Classes
			Finding the Classes in a Problem
			Identifying a Class’s Responsibilities
			10.4: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		Chapter 10: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 10: Review Questions
			Chapter 10: Programming Exercises
	11: Inheritance
		11: Topics
		11.1: Introduction to Inheritance
			In the Spotlight: Using Inheritance
			11.1: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		11.2: Polymorphism
			11.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		Chapter 11: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 11: Review Questions
			Chapter 11: Programming Exercises
	12: Recursion
		12: Topics
		12.1: Introduction to Recursion
		12.2: Problem Solving with Recursion
			12.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		12.3: Examples of Recursive Algorithms
		Chapter 12: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 12: Review Questions
			Chapter 12: Programming Exercises
	13: GUI Programming
		13: Topics
		13.1: Graphical User Interfaces
			13.1: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		13.2: Using the tkinter Module
			13.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		13.3: Displaying Text with Label Widgets
			13.3: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		13.4: Organizing Widgets with Frames
		13.5: Button Widgets and Info Dialog Boxes
		13.6: Getting Input with the Entry Widget
		13.7: Using Labels as Output Fields
			In the Spotlight: Creating a GUI Program
			13.7: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		13.8: Radio Buttons and Check Buttons
			13.8: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		13.9: Listbox Widgets
			Specifying the Size of the Listbox
			Using a Loop to Populate the Listbox
			Selecting Items in a Listbox
			Deleting Items from a Listbox
			Executing a Callback Function When the User Clicks a Listbox Item
			In the Spotlight: The Time Zone Program
			Adding Scrollbars to a Listbox
			13.9: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		13.10: Drawing Shapes with the Canvas Widget
			Drawing Lines: The create_line Method
			Drawing Rectangles: The create_rectangle Method
			Drawing Ovals: The create_oval Method
			Drawing Arcs: The create_arc Method
			Drawing Polygons: The create_polygon Method
			Drawing Text: The create_text Method
			13.10: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		Chapter 13: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 13: Review Questions
			Chapter 13: Programming Exercises
	14: Database Programming
		14: Topics
		14.1: Database Management Systems
			14.1: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		14.2: Tables, Rows, and Columns
			Column Data Types
			Primary Keys
			Identity Columns
			Allowing Null Values
			14.2: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		14.3: Opening and Closing a Database Connection with SQLite
			14.3: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		14.4: Creating and Deleting Tables
			Creating Multiple Tables
			Creating a Table Only If It Does Not Already Exist
			Deleting a Table
			14.4: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		14.5: Adding Data to a Table
			Inserting Multiple Rows with One INSERT Statement
			Inserting NULL Data
			Inserting the Values of Variables
			Watch Out for SQL Injection Attacks
			14.5: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		14.6: Querying Data with the SQL SELECT Statement
			The SELECT Statement
			Selecting All the Columns in a Table
			Specifying Search Criteria with the WHERE Clause
			SQL Logical Operators: AND, OR, and NOT
			String Comparisons in a SELECT Statement
			Using the LIKE Operator
			Sorting the Results of a SELECT Query
			Aggregate Functions
			14.6: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		14.7: Updating and Deleting Existing Rows
			Updating Multiple Columns
			Determining the Number of Rows Updated
			Deleting Rows with the DELETE Statement
			Determining the Number of Rows Deleted
			14.7: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		14.8: More About Primary Keys
			The RowID Column in SQLite
			Integer Primary Keys in SQLite
			Primary Keys Other Than Integer
			Composite Keys
			14.8: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		14.9: Handling Database Exceptions
			14.9: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		14.10: CRUD Operations
			In the Spotlight: Inventory CRUD Application
		14.11: Relational Data
			Foreign Keys
			Entity Relationship Diagrams
			Creating Foreign Keys in SQL
			Updating Relational Data
			Deleting Relational Data
			Retrieving Columns from Multiple Tables in a SELECT Statement
			In the Spotlight: A GUI Application to Read a Database
			14.11: (Noninteractive) Checkpoint Questions from the Book
		Chapter 14: From the Book for Additional Practice
			Chapter 14: Review Questions
			Chapter 14: Programming Exercises
	Appendix A: Installing Python
	Appendix B: Introduction to IDLE
		Writing a Python Program in the IDLE Editor
		Color Coding
		Automatic Indentation
		Saving a Program
		Running a Program
	Appendix C: The ASCII Character Set
	Appendix D: Predefined Named Colors
	Appendix E: More About the import Statement
	Appendix F: Formatting Numeric Output with the format() Function
		Formatting in Scientific Notation
		Inserting Comma Separators
		Specifying a Minimum Field Width
		Formatting a Floating-Point Number as a Percentage
		Formatting Integers
	Appendix G: Installing Modules with the pip Utility
	Appendix H: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 1: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 2: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 3: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 4: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 5: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 6: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 7: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 8: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 9: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 10: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 11: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 12: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 13: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
		Chapter 14: Answers to Noninteractive Checkpoints
	Student Supplemental Materials
	Glossary
	Footnotes
	Index