Standard Methods for Soil, Water and Plant Analysis

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
1. Soil Analysis
	1.1. Introduction
	1.2. Collection of Representative Soil Sample, its Processing
	1.3 Laboratory Facilities, Quality Control and Data Handling
2. Physical Analysis of Soil
	2.1. Determination of Soil Colour
	2.2 Determination of Soil Aeration
	2.3 Determination of Soil Temperature
	2.4 Determination of Soil Moisture Contents
		2.4.1 Direct Method (Gravimetric Method)
		2.4.2 Gravimetry with Drying by Burning Alcohol or Spirit
		2.4.3 Indirect Method
	2.5 Determination of Water Holding and Field Capacity of Soil
		2.5.1 Determination of Water Holding Capacity of Soil by Field Method
		2.5.2 Determination of Field Capacity of Soil
	2.6 Determination of Infiltration Rate in Soil
	2.7. Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated
		2.7.1 Soil (Constant-Head Method)
	2.8. Determination of Soil Texture by Feel Method
	2.9 Determination of Soil Particle Size
		2.9.1 Mechanical Procedure
		2.9.2 Particle Size Analysis
	2.10 Determination of Soil Bulk Density
		2.10.1 Soil Bulk Density - Disturbed Samples
		2.10.2 Soil Bulk Density - Undisturbed Samples
			2.10.2.1 Clod Method
			2.10.2.2 Core Method
	2.11. Determination of Soil Particle Density
		2.11.1. Graduated Cylinder Method
		2.11.2 Pycnometer Method
		2.11.3 Volumetric Flask Method
	2.12 Determination of Total Pore Space and Soil Porosity
	2.13 Determination of Water Stable Aggregates in Soil
	2.14 Soil Moisture and Tension Relationship by use of Tensiometer
3. Chemical Analysis of Soil
	3.1 Determination of Soil pH
	3.2 Determination of Soil Electrical Conductivity
		3.2.1 Electrical Conductivity
		3.2.2 Determination of Soil Electrical Conductivity and % Saturation
	3.3 Preparation of Saturation Paste and Saturation Extract
	3.4 Determination of pH, EC, Ca++ Mg++ and Na+ in Saturation Extract of Soil
	3.5 Determination of Calcium Carbonate Equivalent of Liming Material
	3.6 Determination of Lime Requirement of Acid Soil
	3.7 Determination of Gypsum Requirement of Sodic Soil
	3.8 Measurement of ODR and Redox Potential (Eh) of Soil
		3.8.1 Determination of Oxygen Diffusion Rate of Soil
		3.8.2 Measurement of Redox Potential of Soil
	3.9 Determination of Soil Organic Carbon
		3.9.1. Determine of Organic Matter in Soil
	3.10 Determination of Total Nitrogen in Soil
	3.11 Estimation of Different Inorganic Forms of Soil Nitrogen
		3.11.1 Estimation of Ammonical Nitrogen in Soil
		3.11.2 Determination of Nitrate Nitrogen in Soil (Phanol Disulphonic Acid Yellow Colour Method)
	3.12 Determination of Available Nitrogen in Soil
	3.13 Determination of Available Phosphorus in Soils
	3.14 Determination of Available Potassium in Soil
	3.15 Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchanged Bases in Soil
		3.15.1 Estimation of Cation Exchange Capacity
		3.15.2 Determination of Exchangeable Bases in Soil
	3.16. Determination of Available Sulphur in Soil
	3.17 Determination of Available Micronutrients (Zn. Cu, Fe and Mn) in Soil by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
	3.18 Determination of Boron
	3.19. Interpretation of Soil Test Data/Report
4. Biological Analysis of Soil
	4.1. Introduction
	4.2. Collection of Soil Sampling
	4.3. Land use Selection
	4.4. Sampling of Soil Fauna
	4.5. Determination of Nematodes in Soil
	4.6 Determination of Rhizobia in Soil
	4.7. Determination of Soil Microbial Biomass Fumigation-extraction Method
	4.8. Assay of the Dehydrogenase Activity
	4.9. Determination of Fresh Water Algae
	4.10. Respiration (CO2) in Soil by Gas Chromatography
	4.11. Assay of β-glucosidase Activity
	4.12. Assay of CM Cellulase Activity
	4.13. Assay of Acid and Alkaline Phosphomonoesterase Activity
	4.14. Assay of Urease Activity
	4.15. Evaluation of Short-term Nitrification Activity
5. Water Analysis
	5.1. Introduction
	5.2. Preparation for Sampling
		5.2.1 Suitability of the Containers
		5.2.2 Decontamination of the Container
	5.3. Sampling Techniques and Equipment
	5.4 Recommended Sampling Procedure
	5.5 Protecting and Preserving Samples
	5.6. Handling and Storage of Samples for Analysis
6. Physical Analysis of Water
	6.1. Determination of Colour in Water
	6.2. Determination of Odour in Water
	6.3. Determination of Taste in Water
	6.4. Determination of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in Water
	6.5. Determination of Turbidity in Water
7. Chemical Analysis of Water
	7.1. Determination of pH in Water
	7.2 Determination of Electrical Conductivity (EC) in Water
	7.3 Determination of Ca+Mg in Water by Versenate (EDTA) Titration Method
	7.4. Determination of Carbonates and Bicarbonates in Water
	7.5 Determination of Sodium in Water by Flame Photometer
	7.6. Determination of Potassium in Water
	7.7 Calculation of (SAR) and (RSC) in Water
	7.8 Determination of Chloride in Water
	7.9 Determination of Sulphates in Water
	7.10. Determination of Boron in Water
	7.11. Determination of NO3-N in Water
	7.12. Determination of NH4-N in Water
	7.13. Determination of Dissolved Oxygen in Water
	7.14 Determination of Total Solids in Water
	7.15. Determination of Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in Water
	7.16. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in Water
	7.17. Determine the Free Chlorine (Residual Chlorine) in Water
	7.18. Determination of Phenols in Water
	7.19. Determination of Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water
	7.20. Determination of Fluoride in Water
	7.21. Determination of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) (Gravimetric Method) in Water
	7.22. Determination of Phosphorous Phosphate in Water
	7.23. Determination of Total Volatile Solids (TVS) (Gravimetric method) in Water
	7.24. Determination of Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) (Gravimetric method) in Water
	7.25. Determination of Fixed Dissolved Solids (FDS) (Gravimetric method) in Water
	7.26. Determination of Alkalinity (Titrimetric method) in Water
	7.27. Determination of Acidity (Titrimetric method) in Water
	7.28. Determination of D.O. (Dissolved oxygen) (Modified Winkler’s method) in Water
	7.29. Determination of Oil and Grease in Water
8. Biological Analysis of Water
	8.1. Method of Sampling for Bacteriological Test
	8.2. Total Coliform (MPN) Test
	8.3. Fecal Coliform MPN/100 ml in Water Sample
9. Plant Analysis
	9.1. Introduction
	9.2. Plant Sample Preparation Procedures
	9.3. General Procedure for Sample Preparation, Handling and Storage
	9.4. Moisture Factor in Plant Analysis
	9.5. Determination of Nitrogen and Crude Protein by Modified Macro Kjeldahl Method
	9.6. Determination of Phosphorus by Vanadomolybdate Method
	9.7. Determination in Sodium and Potassium
		9.7.1. Sodium
		9.7.2. Potassium
	9.8. Determination of Total Sulphur
	9.9. Determination of Calcium & Magnesium
	9.10. Determination of Boron
		9.10.1 Determination in Plant Sample Test Solution by Formation of Boron-Quinalizarin Coloured Complex in H2SO4 Medium
		9.10.2. Boron Determination in Plant Sample Test Solution by Formation of Boron-carmine Coloured Complex
	9.11. Determination of Molybdenum in Plant Sample
	9.12. Determination of Chloride in Plant Sample
	9.13. Determination of Iron, Manganese, Zinc and Copper
		9.13.1 Iron
		9.13.2 Manganese
		9.13.3 Zinc
		9.13.4 Copper
	9.14. Determination of Starch by Acid Hydrolysis
		9.14.1. Determination of Starch in Potatoes by Hydrolysis and Autoanalysis
	9.15. Determination of Water Soluble Carbohydrate
	9.16. Rapid Plant Tissue Tests and use of ‘Soil Water-plant Test Kits
	9.17. Field Trip for Studying Visual Symptoms of Nutritional Disorders in Plants
References
Appendix