Stability and Control of Linear Systems

Preface
Contents
Notations and Terminology
1 Introduction
	1.1 The Abstract Notion of System
		1.1.1 The Input-Output Operator
		1.1.2 Discrete Time and Continuous Time
		1.1.3 Input Space and Output Space
		1.1.4 State Space
		1.1.5 Finite Dimensional Systems
		1.1.6 Connection of Systems
		1.1.7 System Analysis
		1.1.8 Control System Design
		1.1.9 Properties of Systems
	1.2 Impulse Response Systems
	1.3 Initial Conditions
		1.3.1 Deterministic Systems
		1.3.2 Time Invariant Systems
		1.3.3 Linear Systems
		1.3.4 External Stability
		1.3.5 Zero-Initialized Systems and Unforced Systems
	1.4 Differential Systems
		1.4.1 Admissible Inputs
		1.4.2 State Equations
		1.4.3 Linear Differential Systems
2 Unforced Linear Systems
	2.1 Prerequisites
	2.2 The Exponential Matrix
	2.3 The Diagonal Case
	2.4 The Nilpotent Case
	2.5 The Block Diagonal Case
	2.6 Linear Equivalence
	2.7 The Diagonalizable Case
	2.8 Jordan Form
	2.9 Asymptotic Estimation of the Solutions
	2.10 The Scalar Equation of Order n
	2.11 The Companion Matrix
3 Stability of Unforced Linear Systems
	3.1 Equilibrium Positions
	3.2 Conditions for Stability
	3.3 Lyapunov Matrix Equation
	3.4 Routh-Hurwitz Criterion
4 Linear Systems with Forcing Term
	4.1 Nonhomogeneous Systems
		4.1.1 The Variation of Constants Method
		4.1.2 The Method of Undetermined Coefficients
	4.2 Transient and Steady State
	4.3 The Nonhomogeneous Scalar Equation of Order n
	4.4 The Laplace Transform Method
		4.4.1 Transfer Function
		4.4.2 Frequency Response Analysis
5 Controllability and Observability  of Linear Systems
	5.1 The Reachable Sets
		5.1.1 Structure of the Reachable Sets
		5.1.2 The Input-Output Map
		5.1.3 Solution of the Reachability Problem
		5.1.4 The Controllability Matrix
		5.1.5 Hautus' Criterion
	5.2 Observability
		5.2.1 The Unobservability Space
		5.2.2 The Observability Matrix
		5.2.3 Reconstruction of the Initial State
		5.2.4 Duality
	5.3 Canonical Decompositions
		5.3.1 Linear Equivalence
		5.3.2 Controlled Invariance
		5.3.3 Controllability Form
		5.3.4 Observability Form
		5.3.5 Kalman Decomposition
		5.3.6 Some Examples
	5.4 Constrained Controllability
6 External Stability
	6.1 Definitions
	6.2 Internal Stability
	6.3 The Case C=I
	6.4 The General Case
7 Stabilization
	7.1 Static State Feedback
		7.1.1 Controllability
		7.1.2 Stability
		7.1.3 Systems with Scalar Input
		7.1.4 Stabilizability
		7.1.5 Asymptotic Controllability
	7.2 Static Output Feedback
		7.2.1 Reduction of Dimension
		7.2.2 Systems with Stable Zero Dynamics
		7.2.3 A Generalized Matrix Equation
		7.2.4 A Necessary and Sufficient Condition
	7.3 Dynamic Output Feedback
		7.3.1 Construction of an Asymptotic Observer
		7.3.2 Construction of the Dynamic Stabilizer
	7.4 PID Control
8 Frequency Domain Approach
	8.1 The Transfer Matrix
	8.2 Properties of the Transfer Matrix
	8.3 The Realization Problem
	8.4 SISO Systems
		8.4.1 The Realization Problem for SISO Systems
		8.4.2 External Stability
		8.4.3 Nyquist Diagram
		8.4.4 Stabilization by Static Output Feedback
	8.5 Disturbance Decoupling
A Internal Stability Notions
	A.1 The Flow Map
	A.2 Equilibrium Points and Stability in Lyapunov Sense
B Laplace Transform
	B.1 Definition and Main Properties
	B.2 A List of Laplace Transforms
		B.2.1 Elementary Functions
		B.2.2 Discontinuous functions
		B.2.3 Dirac Delta Function
	B.3 Inverse Transform
	B.4 The Laplace Transform of a Vector Function
	References
Index