Sports Mega-Events in Asia

Acknowledgments
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction—Sports Mega-Events in Asia: Past, Present and Future
	Introduction
		East Asia and Sports Mega-Events
		West Asia and Sports Mega-Events
	Exploring and Explaining Sports Mega-Events: The State of Play
	Contents—Sports Mega-Events in Asia
	Futures—Sports Mega-Events and Sports Mega-Event Research in Asia
	Notes
	References
Part I The Olympic Games
2 How China’s Two Olympic Games Changed China and the Olympics
	Introduction
	Researching Olympic Games Through Ethnographic Fieldwork and Interviews
	The End of the Cold War
	The NGO Swarm in 2008
	The Boycott of the Opening Ceremony in 2008
	Increased Utilization of Communications in the Olympic Games
	The IOC’s Response to the Human Rights Controversies
		Social Responsibility
		Revision of the Bid Process
	Diplomatic Boycott in 2022
	China’s Recruitment of Foreign-Born Athletes to Represent China at the 2022 Winter Olympics
	Did the Olympics Change China, or Did China Change the Olympics?
	References
3 Environment Eclipsed: Tokyo 2020 Sustainability Initiatives and the Pandemic Postponement
	Introduction
	Japan, the Olympic Games, and Environmental Sustainability
	The First Tokyo Olympics
	Japan’s Winter Olympics: Sapporo 1972 and Nagano 1998
	The Tokyo 2020 Olympics, Sustainability, and Early Dissent
	Olympics Postponed and Focus Diverted
	Environment Eclipsed and the Future of Sports Mega-Events
	Notes
	References
4 Networking Voices of Dissent: Korea-Japan Civic Alliance and Transnational Solidarity for Anti-Olympic Movement
	Introduction
	Regional Movement-Building in Korea and Japan
	Transnational Movement-Building with Brazil, Japan, Korea
		Transnational Networking
		Organizational Exchange
		Cross-Sectoral Sharing of Knowledge and Experience
	Anti-Olympic Activism in Asia: Transnational Alliance and Affective Solidarity
	Concluding Remarks
	Notes
	References
5 From the Winter Olympic Games in PyeongChang to the Summer Asian Games in Jakarta-Palembang: Inter-Korean Connections in 2018 at Sport Mega-Events in Asia
	Introduction
	Theoretical Backdrop
		Nationalism
		International Relations
	PyeongChang 2018
	Jakarta-Palembang 2018
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
Part II The Asian Games
6 Better, Bigger, Bitter—The Rise of the Asian Games in a Toxic Political Environment
	Introduction
	The Origins of Continental Multi-Sport Events in Asia
	The First Asian Games Editions: Balancing the Pan-Asiatic Vision with National Interests
	The Seventh Asian Games’ Lasting Impact
	A New Organization Marks the Beginning of a New Era
	Expansion and Current Issues
	Conclusion
	References
7 Policy of Nostalgia: The 2018 Indonesian Asian Games’ “Spirit of 1962”
	Introduction
	Policy of Nostalgia
	Indonesian History and Urbanism
		Jakarta as Center of National Urbanity
	Indonesia’s Asian Games and the “Spirit of 1962”
		Nationalist Nostalgia
		Urban Nostalgia
		Organized Forgetting
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
8 Politics of the Asian Games and the East Asian Games in China
	Introduction
	Beijing and the 1990 Asian Games
	Shanghai and the 1993 East Asian Games
	Guangzhou and the 2010 Asian Games
	Tianjin and the 2013 East Asian Games
	Hangzhou and the 2022 Asian Games
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Part III World Cups and Other Sports Mega-Events
9 FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar: Under the Gaze of Western Media
	Introduction
	Orientalism/Neo-Orientalism: ‘Sport’ as a Phenomenon
	Neo-Orientalism and Islamophobic Media Discourse
	Sport Media and Orientalism/Neo-Orientalism
	Western Sport Media and Neo-Orientalism: FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar
	FIFA World Cup in Qatar, Human Rights, and Corruption
	Scorching Heat and the Timeline of the FIFA World Cup 2022
	FIFA World Cup Qatar’s Sports Washing/Soft Power Motivation and Geo-Political Disputes
	Why the FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar Is Important for The Muslim and Arab World
	A Final Thought
	References
10 Sport Mega-Events and the Contested Terrain of Space, Bodies and Commodities: The Politics and Complexities of 2019 Rugby World Cup
	Introduction
	Sport Mega-Events as Strategic Sites of Analysis
	The 2019 RWC as a Contested Terrain
	Space/Territory
	Bodies
	Commodities
	Conclusion
	References
11 The Local Politics of Rugby World Cup 2019 Through the Disaster Recovery Process in Kamaishi, Japan
	Introduction
	Kamaishi City, Iwate Prefecture
	Process Related to Hosting the Rugby World Cup 2019 Kamaishi Matches
		Creation of the Initiative to Host the RWC
		Deliberation of the Initiative to Host the RWC
		How the Intentions of the Local Government and the Residents Aligned
		Rugby World Cup 2019 Kamaishi Matches and After-Effects
	Rugby World Cup 2019 in the Context of Disaster Reconstruction
		Expectations of Kamaishi Matches of Parties Concerned
		Negotiations Related to the Kamaishi Matches
		The Consequences of the Kamaishi Matches
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
12 Political Ideologies, the ‘Two Chinas’ Issue and Mega-Events in Taiwan
	Introduction
	State, Parties and Political Ideologies
	The Political Backdrop to Taiwan’s Successful Bid for the 2017 Universiade
		Key Factors for Taipei’s Successful 2017 Bid
			Support and Pledges from the National Leadership
			Taiwan’s Diplomatic Truce and Beijing’s Acquiescence
			Full Support for Taiwanese Candidacy and Re-Election at FISU Exec Com
		The Impact of Hosting the 2017 Universiade on Taiwan
			A Solid Foundation for Taiwan’s Medal Quest at Tokyo 2020
			Controversies Surrounding the Olympic Protocol
			Rising Nationalism
	EAYG in taichung—From Successful Bid to Forced Cancellation
		Factors Contributing to Taichung’s Successful Bid
			Hiring a Professional Bidding Team
			Support from National/Municipal Leaders and a Gift Before the KMT-CPP Talks
		Forced Cancellation of the 2019 EAYG: Why and How It Happened
			Confrontation Due to Dissatisfaction on Both Side with the Olympic Model
			Close Association Between the DPP and the Rectification Referendum
	Conclusions
	Notes
	References
Index