sports medicine Volume 41 Issue 1 January 2011

1. Introduction......Page 1
2. Androgen Origins in Females......Page 2
2.3 Biological Actions of Androgens at Cellular Level: Genomic and Non-Genomic Signalling......Page 3
2.4 Physiological Actions of Androgens in Women......Page 5
3.1 Endurance Exercise......Page 6
4.1 Endurance Exercise Training......Page 9
4.2 Resistance Exercise Training......Page 10
References......Page 11
Abstract......Page 16
1.1 Force-Velocity Relationship......Page 17
1.2 Length-Tension Relationship......Page 18
1.3.3 Interactions of Contractile and Elastic Elements......Page 19
1.3.5 Stretch Reflexes......Page 20
2.1 Muscle Fibre Type......Page 21
2.2.1 Cross-Sectional Area......Page 22
2.2.2 Fascicle Length......Page 23
2.3 Tendon Properties......Page 24
3.1 Motor Unit Recruitment......Page 25
3.2 Firing Frequency......Page 26
3.3 Motor Unit Synchronization......Page 27
3.4.1 Activation of Synergists......Page 28
5. Conclusion......Page 29
References......Page 30
beta2-Agonists and Physical Performance......Page 38
Abstract......Page 39
2.1.2 Types of Participants......Page 40
2.2 Search Methods for Identification of Studies......Page 41
2.3.3 Assessment of Risk of Bias in Included Studies......Page 42
3.3 Assessment of Risk of Bias in Included Studies......Page 46
3.4.1 Inhaled beta2-Agonists......Page 48
4.1 Principal Findings......Page 49
4.2 Strength and Weaknesses......Page 52
References......Page 54
Abstract......Page 57
1. Introduction......Page 58
2.3 Identification of Studies......Page 60
3.2 Choice of Controls......Page 61
4.1 Impact Head Injury and Ski Helmet Effectiveness Example......Page 63
5. An Optimal Approach Towards Combining Epidemiological and Biomechanical Principles in Control Selection for Intervention Evaluation......Page 64
7. Conclusion......Page 67
References......Page 68
Abstract......Page 71
2. Do the Sex Hormones Regulate Physical Activity Levels in Humans?......Page 73
2.2 Is there a Difference between Activity Levels Before and After Menopause?......Page 75
2.4.1 In Females......Page 76
2.4.2 In Males......Page 78
3.1 Appropriateness of Rodents as Models of Human Physiology......Page 79
3.3 Use of Surveys to Determine Physical Activity......Page 80
3.4 Mode of Hormone Therapy Used......Page 81
Acknowledgements......Page 82
References......Page 83
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References......Page 86
00007256-201141010-00007......Page 89
References......Page 90