Sports in society : issues and controversies

Cover
Title
Copyright
About the Author
About the Cover Artist
Contents
Preface
1 The Sociology of Sports: What Is It and Why Study It?
	About this Book
	About this Chapter
	Using Sociology to Study Sports
	Defining Sports
	What Is the Sociology of Sport?
	Why Study Sports in Society?
	Summary: Why Study the Sociology of Sport?
	References
2 Producing Knowledge About Sports inSociety: How Is Knowledge Produced in the Sociology of Sport?
	Producing Knowledge in the Sociology of Sport
	Doing Research and Using Theory in the Sociology of Sport: A Case Study
	The Impact of Sociology of Sport Knowledge
	Using a Critical Approach to Produce Knowledge
	Summary: How Is Knowledge Produced in the Sociology of Sport?
	References
3 Sports And Socialization: Who Plays and What Happens to Them?
	What Is Socialization?
	Becoming and Staying Involved in Sports
	Changing or Ending Sport Participation
	Participation in Sports: What Happens?
	Socialization as a Community and Cultural Process
	Summary: Who Plays and What Happens to Them?
	References
4 Organized Youth Sports: Whose Interests Do They Serve?
	The Origins of Organized Youth Sports
	Three Models of Organized Youth Sport Programs
	Summary: Are Organized Programs Worth the Effort?
	References
5 Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control?
	Defining and Studying Deviance in Sports
	Challenges Faced When Studying Deviance in Sports
	Research on Deviance in Sports
	Performance-Enhancing Substances: A Case Study of Deviant Overconformity
	Summary: Is Deviance in Sports Out of Control?
	References
6 Violence in Sports: Who Suffers the Consequences
	What Is Violence?
	Violence in Sports Throughout History
	Violence on the Field
	Violence off the Field
	Violence Among Spectators
	Terrorism: Planned Political Violence at Sports Events
	Summary: Does Violence in Sports Affect our Lives?
	References
7 Gender and Sports: Is Equity Possible?
	Cultural Origins of Gender Inequities
	Orthodox Gender Ideology and Sports
	Mainstream Sports Reaffirm Orthodox Gender Ideology
	Progress Toward Gender Equity
	Gender Inequities Remain
	Barriers to Equity
	Gender Equity and Sexuality
	Strategies to Achieve Equity
	Summary: Is Equity Possible?
	References
8 Race and Ethnicity: Are They Important in Sports?
	Defining Race and Ethnicity
	Creating Race and Racial Ideologies
	Sports Participation Among Ethnic Minorities in the United States
	Race, Ethnicity, and Sport in a Global Perspective
	The Dynamics of Racial and Ethnic Relations in Sports
	Summary: Are Race and Ethnicity Important in Sports?
	References
9 Social Class: Do Money and Power Matter in Sports?
	Social Class and Class Relations
	Sports and Economic Inequality
	Social Class and Sport Participation Patterns
	Global Inequalities and Sports
	Economic and Career Opportunities in Sports
	Sport Participation and Occupational Careers Among Former Athletes
	Summary: Do Money and Power Matter in Sports?
	References
10 Age and Ability: Barriers to Participation and Inclusion?
	What Counts as Ability?
	Constructing the Meaning of Age
	Constructing the Meaning of Ability
	Sports and Ability
	Disability Sports
	Technology and Ability
	Summary: Are Age and Ability Barriers to Participation?
	References
11 Sports and the Economy: What arethe Characteristics of Commercial Sports?
	Emergence and Growth of Commercial Sports
	Commercialization and Changes in Sports
	The Organization of Professional Sports in North America
	The Organization of Amateur Sports in North America
	Legal Status and Incomes of Athletes in Commercial Sports
	Summary: What are the Characteristics of Commercial Sports?
	References
12 Sports and the Media: Could They Survive Without Each Other?
	Characteristics of the Media
	New Digital Media and Sports
	Fantasy Sports, Sports Video Games, and Esports: Media Transformed
	Sports and Media: A Two-Way Relationship
	Images and Narratives in Media Sports
	Experiences and Consequences of Consuming Media Sports
	Sports Journalism
	Summary: Could Sports and the Media Survive Without Each Other?
	References
13 Sports and Politics: How Do Governments and Global Political Processes Influence Sports?
	The Sports–Government Connection
	Sports and Global Political Processes
	Politics in Sports
	Summary: How Do Governments and Global Political Processes Influence Sports?
	References
14 Sports in High School and College: Do Competitive Sports Contribute to Education?
	Arguments for and Against Interscholastic Sports
	Interscholastic Sports and the Experiences of High School Students
	Intercollegiate Sports and the Experiences of College Students
	Do High Schools and Colleges Benefit from Varsity Sports?
	High School and College Sports Face Uncertainty
	Summary: Do Competitive Sports Contribute to Education?
	References
15 Sports and Religions: Is It a Promising Combination?
	How Do Sociologists Define Religion and Explain Its Connection with Society and Culture?
	Similarities and Differences between Sports and Religions
	Modern Sports, Religious Beliefs, and Religious Organizations
	The Challenges of Combining Sports and Religious Beliefs
	Summary: Is It a Promising Combination?
	References
16 Sports in the Future: What Do We Want Them to Be?
	Envisioning Possibilities for the Future
	Current Trends Related to Sports in Society
	Factors Influencing Trends Today
	Becoming Agents of Change
	The Challenge of Transforming Sports
	Summary: What Do We Want Sports to Be?
	References
Name Index
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Subject Index
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