Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy: Infusing Spirituality in Clinical Practice

Cover
Endorsement Page
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Introduction
	Overview of Chapters
Chapter 1: Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy: From the Past to the Present
	Evolution of Spirituality in Psychotherapy: Four Eras
		Era I: Prior to 1975
		Era II: 1975–2004
		Era III: 2005–2019
		Era IV: 2020–Present
		Commentary
	Spirituality, Religion, and Psychology
		Religion
		Relationship of Religion and Spirituality
		Spirituality
		Relationship of Spirituality and Psychology
	Pastoral Counseling, Spiritual Direction, and Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy
		Pastoral Counseling
			Goals
			Clientele
			Process and Interventions
			Training
			Professional Organization
		Spiritual Direction
			Goal
			Clientele
			Process and Interventions
			Training
			Professional Organization
		Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy
			Goals
			Clientele
			Process and Interventions
			Training
			Professional Organization
	Concluding Note
	References
Chapter 2: Dimensional Perspectives on Spiritual Development
	The Dimensions of Human Experience
		The Centrality of the Spiritual Dimension
		Research on the Spiritual Dimension and Health and Well-Being
			Somatic Dimension
			Psychological Dimension
			Social Dimension
	The Moral Dimension: Decline and Recovery
		Decline of the Moral Dimension
		Recovery of the Moral Dimension
			Moral Psychology
			Positive Psychology
			Moral Injury
			Sacred Moral Injury
	Relationship of the Moral and Spiritual Dimensions
	Perspective on Spiritual Development
		Character Perspective
			Self-Directedness
			Cooperativeness
			Self-Transcendence
		Ethical Perspective
		Transpersonal Perspective
		Self-Transcendence Perspective
		Object Relations Perspective
			Symbiosis
			Separation-Individuation
			Object Constancy
			Clinical Implications
		Transformation Perspective
			Affective Conversion
			Moral Conversion
			Intellectual Conversion
			Religious Conversion
			Sociopolitical Conversion
			Somatic Conversion
	Concluding Note
	References
Chapter 3: Developmental Models of the Spiritual Dimension
	Stage Models and Human Development
	Models Relating to Spiritual Development
		Historical Models
		Contemporary Models
	Stage Models Addressing the Spiritual Dimension
		Stages of Psychosocial Development
		Stages of Moral Development
			Pre-Conventional Stages
			Conventional Stages
			Post-Conventional Stages
			Critique of Moral Development Theory and Research
		Stages of Faith Development
			Critique of Faith Development Theory and Research
			Implications of the Faith Development Model for Clinical Practice
		Stages of Self Development
		Stages of Spiritual Development
		Stages of Spiritual Growth
			The Evolutionary Spectrum Model
			The Developmental Spectrum Model
			The Transpersonal Spectrum Model
		Stages of the Spiritual Journey
			The Stages of Consent on the Spiritual Journey
			The Dynamics of the Spiritual Journey
		The Religious/Spiritual Stress and Resilience Model
	Concluding Note
	References
Chapter 4: Spiritual Dynamics, Crises, and Emergencies in Psychotherapy
	DSM-5-TR
	Spiritual Crisis
	Spiritual Emergencies
	Differential Diagnosis
	Spiritual Dynamics and Personality Styles
		The Spiritual Dimension and the Narcissistic Personality
			Religious and Spiritual Dynamics
			Image of God
			Prayer Style
			Other Religious and Spiritual Features
			Narcissism and Evil
		The Spiritual Dimension and the Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
			Religious and Spiritual Dynamics
			Image of God
			Prayer Style
			Other Religious and Spiritual Features
		The Spiritual Dimension and the Passive-Aggressive Personality
			Religious and Spiritual Dynamics
			Image of God
			Prayer Style
			Other Religious and Spiritual Features
		The Spiritual Dimension and the Borderline Personality
			Religious and Spiritual Dynamics
			Image of God
			Prayer Style
			Other Religious and Spiritual Features
		The Spiritual Dimension and the Depressive Personality
			Religious and Spiritual Dynamics
			Image of God
			Prayer Style
			Other Religious and Spiritual Features
		The Spiritual Dimension and the Hypomanic Personality
			Religious and Spiritual Dynamics
			Image of God
			Prayer Style
			Other Religious and Spiritual Features
	Concluding Note
	References
Chapter 5: The Practice of Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy
	Recent Developments in Psychotherapy
		Clinical Outcomes
		Empirically Supported Treatment
		Practice-Based Evidence
		Therapeutic Alliance
		Client Factors
		Therapist Effects
			Therapist Effect in Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy
		Psychotherapy Competencies
			Competencies: American Psychological Association
			Competencies: American Counseling Association
			Core Clinical Competencies in Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy Practice
		Mechanisms of Change in Psychotherapy
	Terms and Designations
		Psychospiritual Problem and Interventions
		Psychotherapy Sensitive to the Spiritual Dimension
	Concluding Note
	References
Chapter 6: Therapeutic Relationship
	Establishing an Effective Therapeutic Alliance
		The Therapeutic Alliance with Couples
		Therapist and Therapeutic Alliance
		Spirituality and Relationships
		Research on Spiritual Factors and the Therapeutic Alliance
	Maintaining an Effective Therapeutic Alliance
		Resistance and Ambivalence
			Spirituality and Resistance
			Resistance to Discussing Spirituality
			Spiritual Rigidity as Resistance
			Spiritual Beliefs as Resistance
			Spiritual Ambivalence and Motivational Interviewing
		Transferences and Countertransferences
			Spirituality and Countertransference
	The Case of Maria
		Therapeutic Relationship
	Concluding Note
	References
Chapter 7: Assessment and Case Conceptualization
	Three Clinical Indications of Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy
		Coping with a Serious Stressor
			Case Example
		Crises of Faith and Meaning
			Case Example
		Spiritual Growth
			Case Example
	The Spiritual Assessment
		Performing a Brief Spiritual Assessment
		Performing an Extended Spiritual Assessment
			Spiritual History
			God Representation
			Spiritual Beliefs
			Spiritual Practices
			Spiritual Identity and Involvement in a Spiritual Community
			Brief Spiritual Assessment
			Extended Spiritual Assessment
		Initial, Implicit, and Explicit Assessment
	The Assessment Process and Integrative Assessment
		Assessment Process
			Diagnostic Assessment
			Theory-Based Assessment
			Pattern-Based Assessment
		Integrative Assessment
			Predisposition
	Case Conceptualization and Integrative Case Conceptualization
		Case Conceptualization
			Diagnostic Formulation
			Clinical Formulation
			Cultural Formulation
			Treatment Formulation
		Case Conceptualization Based on a Spiritual Assessment
			Case Illustration
			Brief Case Conceptualization of Jack N
			Case Commentary
		Integrative Case Conceptualization
			Continuing Case of Maria
			Integrative Assessment
			Personality Dynamics
			Family Dynamics
			Cultural Dynamics
			Spiritual Dynamics
		Brief Integrative Case Conceptualization
			Diagnostic Formulation
			Clinical Formulation
			Treatment Formulation
		Case Commentary
	Concluding Note
	Appendix: Assessing the Spiritual Dimension with Inventories
		Spiritual Well-Being Scale
		Spiritual Health Inventory
		Index of Core Spiritual Experience
		God Image Inventory
		The Spiritual Experience Index
	References
Chapter 8: Interventions
	Indications and Contraindications
		Indications
		Contraindications
			Absolute Contraindications
			Relative Contraindications
	Psychological Interventions
		Cognitive Behavioral Approaches
			Understanding the Influence of Cognition on Emotion and Behavior
			Monitoring Cognitions, Including Thoughts, Beliefs, and Assumptions
			Challenging Cognitions
			Cognitive Restructuring and Behavior Change
			Case Example
		Dynamic Approaches
			Therapeutic Strategies
			Case Example
		Experiential Focusing Approach
			Case Example
		Relational Dynamics Approach
			Case Examples
	Spiritual Interventions
		Prayer
			Types of Prayer
			Prayer in the Treatment Context
			Indications for Praying with Clients
			Protocol for Praying with Clients
		Meditation
		Mindfulness
		Forgiveness
			Protocol for Forgiveness
			Guidelines for Letting Go of Anger and Giving Forgiveness
			Guidelines for Requesting Forgiveness
		Written Spiritual Resources
	Spiritual Practices
		Purifying Motivation
			Reducing Cravings
			Reducing Attachments
		Cultivating Emotional Wisdom
		Living Ethically
		Developing a Peaceful Mind
		Recognizing the Sacred in All
		Cultivating Wisdom and Spiritual Intelligence
		Engaging in the Services of Others
		Fasting
		Service
		Ignatian Spiritual Strategies
	Continuation of the Case of Maria
	Concluding Note
	References
Chapter 9: Termination and Evaluation
	Treatment Evaluation
		Routine Outcome Monitoring
		Treatment Outcomes Measures
			OQ-45.2
			Session Rating Scale
			Outcomes Rating Scale
			Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation
		Spiritual Outcomes Measures
			Spiritual Well-Being Scale
			Clinically Adaptive Multidimensional Outcome Survey
			Other Spiritual Instruments
	Termination
		Maintaining Treatment Gains
			Preventing Relapse
			Self-Therapy
		Preparing for Termination
		Indicators of Readiness for Termination
		Termination Considerations in Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy
			Preparing for Termination
			Client Difficulty with Termination
			Therapist Difficulty with Termination
			Spiritual Community Involvement
			Boundary Issues
	Continuation of the Case of Maria
		Evaluation
		Termination
	Concluding Note
	References
Chapter 10: Cultural and Ethical Considerations
	Cultural Considerations
		Relationship Between Spirituality and Culture
		Cultural Dynamics and Spiritual Dynamics
		Cultural Awareness, Cultural Sensitivity, and Cultural Competency
		Culturally Sensitive Treatments
			Cultural Intervention
			Culturally Sensitive Therapy
			Culturally Sensitive Intervention
	Ethical Considerations
		Ethical Considerations in Psychotherapy
			Ethically Competent Decision Making in Psychotherapy Practice
		Ethical Considerations in Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy
			Potential Role Conflicts and Multiple Relationships
			Informed Consent
			Prayer as an Intervention
	Legal Considerations
		Scope of Practice
			Informed Consent
	Ethical Guidelines for Culturally and Spiritually Sensitive Practice
	Continuation of the Case of Maria
	Concluding Note
	References
Chapter 11: Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy: The Present to the Future
	From Era I to the Present
	Recent Therapeutic Applications
		Spiritually Integrated Cognitive Processing Therapy
			Treatment Protocol
		Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy for Sacred Moral Injury
			Treatment Protocol
	Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy Research
		Research on Specific Factors and Spiritual Practices
			Specific Factors
			Spiritual Practices
		Practice-Based Research Networks
	Spiritual Neuroscience
		Neurotheology
		Neurobiological Correlates of Spirituality and Religion with Mental Health Conditions
	Training of Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapists
	Concluding Note
	References
Glossary
Index