Spinal Osteotomy Orthopaedics: Deformity Correction

Foreword
Foreword
Original Introduction in Chinese Version
Introduction
Contents
Chief Editor Introduction
Deputy Editor Chief
List of Contributors
1: History of the Development of Spinal Osteotomy
	1.1	 Ankylosing Spondylitis Osteotomy
	1.2	 History of Spinal Osteotomy in China
		1.2.1	 A Brief History of Spinal Osteotomy with Thin-Edged Osteotome
		1.2.2	 The Support and Praise from Chinese Spinal Experts
	1.3	 Surgical Skills and Qualities of Spine Surgeons
	Suggested Reading
2: Application of Tian’s Spinal Osteotomes
	2.1	 Overview
	2.2	 Surgical Indications for Type VII Tian’s Spine Osteotomes
	2.3	 Usage of Type VII Tian’s Spine Osteotomes
	2.4	 Essentials and Notes
	Suggested Reading
3: Transverse Laminectomy for Ankylosing Spondylitis Kyphosis
	3.1	 Overview
		3.1.1	 Modified Methods of Transverse Laminectomy
		3.1.2	 Location of Transverse Laminectomy
	3.2	 Surgical Procedure
	3.3	 Comparison of Transverse Laminectomy and V-Shape Laminectomy
	Suggested Reading
4: V-Shape Laminectomy for Ankylosing Kyphosis
	4.1	 Overview
	4.2	 Surgical Procedure
	4.3	 Key Points and Precautions
	4.4	 Typical Case Presentation
		4.4.1	 Case Summary
		4.4.2	 Diagnosis
		4.4.3	 Surgical Plan and Postoperative Management
		4.4.4	 Outcome Evaluation
		4.4.5	 Expert Comments
	Suggested Reading
5: Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy for Ankylosing Kyphosis Deformity
	5.1	 Overview
		5.1.1	 Selection of Osteotomy Site
		5.1.2	 Instruments and Technique
	5.2	 Surgical Procedure
	5.3	 Key Points and Precautions
		5.3.1	 Key Points and Precautions
		5.3.2	 Complications and Prevention
	Suggested Reading
6: Vertebral Column Resection for Ankylosing Spondylitis Kyphosis
	6.1	 Overview
	6.2	 Surgical Procedure
	6.3	 Highlights and Considerations
	6.4	 Typical Case
		6.4.1	 Case Summary
		6.4.2	 Clinical Characteristics
		6.4.3	 Surgical Plan and Postoperative Management
		6.4.4	 Outcome Evaluation
		6.4.5	 Expert Comments
	Suggested Reading
7: Non-apex Osteotomy for ASK
	7.1	 Overview
		7.1.1	 Rationale of Non-apex Osteotomy
		7.1.2	 Selection of Osteotomy Site
	7.2	 Surgical Procedure
	7.3	 Essentials and Notes
	Suggested Reading
8: Apex Osteotomy for AS Kyphosis
	8.1	 Overview
	8.2	 Surgical Procedure
	8.3	 Key Aspects and Cautions
	Suggested Reading
9: Spinal Osteotomy for Congenital Angular Kyphosis
	9.1	 Overview
	9.2	 Surgical Indication
	9.3	 Total Spinal Osteotomy in Congenital Angular Kyphosis
	9.4	 Local Infiltration Anesthesia for Spinal Osteotomy
		9.4.1	 Overview
		9.4.2	 Fractional Local Infiltration Anesthesia by Layers
	Suggested Reading
10: Hemivertebra Osteotomy
	10.1	 Overview
		10.1.1	 Formation of Hemivertebra Deformity
		10.1.2	 The Growth and Development of Hemivertebra Aggravates Angular Spinal Scoliosis
		10.1.3	 Congenital Lateral Hemivertebra and Congenital Posterior Hemivertebra
		10.1.4	 Inspection Method
	10.2	 Hemivertebra Osteotomy Under Halo-pelvic Traction
	10.3	 Hemivertebrae Osteotomy and Instrumentation with Extra-pedicle Screw and Rod System
		10.3.1	 Indications
		10.3.2	 Contraindications
		10.3.3	 Surgical Procedure
		10.3.4	 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Fixation with Extra-pedicle Screw and Rod System
		10.3.5	 Tactics to Prevent Complications
	10.4	 Preventive Osteotomy for Lateral Hemivertebra
		10.4.1	 Selection of Surgical Technique
		10.4.2	 Selection of Instrumentation
		10.4.3	 Indications
		10.4.4	 Contraindication
		10.4.5	 Surgical Technique
		10.4.6	 Advantages of Preventive Surgery and Instrumentation with Screw and Wiring
		10.4.7	 Prevention of Complications
		10.4.8	 Conclusion
	10.5	 Posterior Hemivertebral Osteotomy
		10.5.1	 How the Posterior Hemivertebra Is Formed
		10.5.2	 Examination Method
		10.5.3	 Osteotomy and Instrumentation
		10.5.4	 Surgical Procedure
		10.5.5	 Key Points for Prevention of Complications
	10.6	 Posterolateral Hemivertebral Osteotomy
		10.6.1	 Surgical Procedure
	Suggested Reading
11: Osteotomy for Tuberculosis Angular Kyphosis
	11.1	 Overview
		11.1.1	 Objective and Clinical Relevance
		11.1.2	 Why Tuberculosis Kyphosis Was Seen as “Incurable” in the Past
		11.1.3	 The Pathological Evolution of Tuberculosis Kyphosis
	11.2	 Indications and Contraindications
		11.2.1	 Surgical Indications
		11.2.2	 Contraindications
	11.3	 Preoperative Preparation
	11.4	 Surgical Technique of PVCR
	11.5	 Typical Case Study
	11.6	 Precautions and Complications Prevention
		11.6.1	 Precautions
		11.6.2	 Complications Prevention
	Suggested Reading
12: Posterior Vertebral Column Resection (PVCR) Correction for Severe Rigid Spinal Deformity
	12.1	 Objective and Clinical Relevance
	12.2	 Indications and Contraindications
	12.3	 Operation Technique
	12.4	 Introduction of Typical Cases (Figs. 12.1, 12.2, and 12.3)
	12.5	 Key Points and Caveats
	12.6	 Complication Prevention and Treatment
	Suggested Reading
13: Osteotomy for Traumatic Spinal Deformity
	13.1	 Overview
		13.1.1	 Biomechanics of Traumatic Kyphosis
		13.1.2	 Effect of Traumatic Kyphosis on Cardiopulmonary Function
		13.1.3	 Imbalance and Compensation of Gravity Line
		13.1.4	 Neuro Symptoms
	13.2	 Surgical Approaches
		13.2.1	 Surgical Indication
		13.2.2	 Surgical Technique
		13.2.3	 Typical Cases
	Suggested Reading