Speleology of Montenegro (Cave and Karst Systems of the World)

Preface
Contents
Historical Overview of Speleological Research on the Territory of Montenegro
	Abstract
	1	Position
	2	General Characteristics
	3	Previous Research
	4	Conclusion
	References
Hydrogeological Characteristics of Montenegro
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	An Overview of the Geology and Tectonics of Montenegro
	3	The Hydrogeology of the Adriatic Sea Basin
		3.1	The Carbonate Aquifer of the Adriatic Sea Basin
		3.2	The Granular Aquifer of the Adriatic Sea Basin
	4	The Hydrogeology of the Black Sea Basin
		4.1	The Carbonate Aquifer of the Black Sea Basin
		4.2	The Granular Aquifer of the Black Sea Basin
	5	Conclusion
	References
Geology of Montenegro
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Brief History of Geological Explorations
	3	Geological Characteristics of Montenegro
		3.1	Adriatic–Ionian Zone
		3.2	Budva–Cukali Zone
		3.3	High Karst Zone
			3.3.1 Old Montenegrin Tectonic Unit
			3.3.2 Tectonic Unit of Kuči
		3.4	Durmitor Tectonic Unit
	4	Pleistocene Glaciations and Karst Processes
	References
Hydrology of Surface Water and Climate Characteristics of Montenegro
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Overview of the Earlier Investigation
	3	Data and Methods
	4	Hydrographic and Hydrological Characteristics of the Rivers in the Adriatic Basin
	5	Hydrographic and Hydrological Characteristics of the Danube River Basin
	6	Hydrological Properties of Certain Speleological Objects
	7	Climatic Characteristics of Montenegro
		7.1	Precipitation Regime
		7.2	Cloudiness and Duration of Sunshine
		7.3	Wind Characteristics
	8	Conclusion
	References
Geomorphological Characteristics of Montenegro
	Abstract
	1	Basic Physical-Geographical Characteristics of Montenegro
	2	Genetic Types of Relief
		2.1	Morphostructural Relief Types
		2.2	Exogenous Relief Types
			2.2.1 A Brief Overview of Relief and Speleological Objects
	3	Basic Characteristics of Relief Units
	4	Analysis of Quantitative Morphometric Characteristics of Relief in GIS Environment
	References
Biodiversity of Montenegrin Caves
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Cave Biodiversity
		2.1	Cave Biodiversity of Montenegro
			2.1.1 Biodiversity of Fungi
			2.1.2 Biodiversity of Invertebrates
			2.1.3 Potential Presence of Proteus anguinus in Caves of Montenegro
	References
Pedological Characteristics of Montenegro
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Physical–Geographical Background of Montenegro
	3	Geomorphology of Montenegro
	4	Soils of Montenegro
	5	Biodiversity and Land Use in Montenegro
	6	Soil Erosion in Montenegro
	7	Conclusion
	References
Protected Speleological Objects
	Abstract
	1	Lipska Cave
	2	Jama Duboki Do—Njeguši
	3	Grbocica
	4	Babatusa
	5	Spila—Ispila
	6	Magara
	7	Novakovica Cave
		7.1	Cave Labyrinth
		7.2	Gallery in Honor of Dado Djuric
		7.3	Preko “Tobogana” Do “Biserne Obale”
		7.4	Black Ram—Guardian of the Chamber with Gold
	8	Djalovica Cave
	Literature and Sources
Speleological Objects as Tourist Motives
	Abstract
	1	Tourist Directions
	2	The Lipska and the Cetinjska Caves
	3	The Đalovića Cave
	4	The Obod Cave
	5	The Sopot
	6	The Ice Cave
	7	The Red Rock Cave
	8	The Cave of Me(a)gara
	References
Forests of the Karst Region of Montenegro—Main Characteristics and Vulnerabilities
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Structure of Forest Communities on the Montenegrin Karst
	3	Risks
	4	Conclusion
	References
Archaeological Studies of Caves in Montenegro
	1	Introduction
	2	Caves as Human Habitats
	3	Monasteries Founded in Caves
	4	Conclusion
	References
Underwater Cave Systems in the Montenegrin Littoral
	Abstract
	1	Instead of an Introduction
	2	Orahovačka Ljuta
	3	Spila Risanska
	4	Sopot Cave
	5	Gurdić Cave System
	References
Marine Caves—Biodiversity and Threats
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Biodiversity
	3	Threats
	Annex 1 List of Species Recorded in Marine Caves on the Montenegrin Coast
	References
Caves and Karst of the Prokletije Mountains
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Geographical and Geological Settings
	3	Cave Exploration in 2006–2021
	4	Caves of the Prokletije Mts
		4.1	Surroundings of the Grbaja Valley
		4.2	Mount Greben
	5	Surface Karst Landforms
	6	Evolution of the Belić, Kolata and Greben Massif Caves
	7	Ice Caves of the Prokletije Mountains
	References