Speech Rhythm in Learner and Second Language Varieties of English (Prosody, Phonology and Phonetics)

Contents
A Synthesis of Research on Speech Rhythm in Native, Learner and Second Language Varieties of English—Introduction to the Volume
	1 Speech Rhythm in Recent Research
	2 Speech Rhythm and Kachru’s Circles
		2.1 The Circle Model
		2.2 A Synthesis of Empirical Research on Speech Rhythm Across the Three Circles
		2.3 Discussion
	3 Advancing the State of the Art
	Appendix
	References
Second Language Varieties of English
Investigating (Rhythm) Variation in Indian English: An Integrated Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Approach
		2.1 Rationale for Using Rhythm/Prosody as a Case Study
		2.2 Broad Approach to Rhythm That Includes f0-Based Macro-rhythm
	3 Previous Work
		3.1 L1s
		3.2 Indian English
	4 Predictions
	5 Method
		5.1 Speakers
	6 Results
		6.1 Temporal Measures
		6.2 ‘Tonal’ Rhythm
		6.3 Tonal Alignment of the Rise
	7 Discussion
	8 Conclusions and Future Directions
	References
Rhythmic Contrast in Marathi English and Telugu English
	1 Introduction
	2 Background to Speech Rhythm and IndE
		2.1 Speech Rhythm in IndE
		2.2 The %V/VtoV Model: An Acoustic-Perceptual Approach
	3 The Present Study
		3.1 The Heidelberg Indian Student Community
		3.2 An Investigation into the Speech Rhythm of Marathi English and Telugu English Speakers
	4 Data and Methodology
	5 Results
		5.1 Hypothesis I: Rhythmic Contrast in IndE Varieties and London English
		5.2 Hypothesis II: Rhythmic Contrast Between Marathi English and Telugu English
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion and Outlook
	Appendix A: Details on Subjects
	Appendix B
	References
Rhythmic Patterns of Malaysian English Speakers
	1 Introduction
	2 Malaysian English
	3 Measurements of Rhythm
	4 Rhythm in Malay
	5 Rhythm in Chinese
	6 Rhythm in Tamil
	7 Rhythm in Varieties of English
	8 Methods
		8.1 Speakers
		8.2 Data
		8.3 Procedure
		8.4 Segmentation of Speech
		8.5 Measurements
	9 Findings
	10 Discussion
	11 Conclusion
	References
Learner Varieties of English
Speech Rhythm, Length of Residence and Language Experience: A Longitudinal Investigation
	1 Foreign Accent and L2 Acquisition
		1.1 Foreign Accent and Speech Rhythm
		1.2 Foreign Accent and Language Experience
	2 Method
		2.1 Participants
		2.2 Recordings
		2.3 Segmentation and Speech Rhythm Metrics
		2.4 Statistical Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Across-Participants Results
		3.2 Within-Participant Results
		3.3 Language Experience Survey Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	Appendix 1: Sentences
	References
(Re-)viewing the Acquisition of Rhythm in the Light of L2 Phonological Theories
	1 Introduction
	2 Speech Rhythm Research
		2.1 Theoretical Approaches
		2.2 Empirical Approaches
	3 Contrastive Analysis: English and German Speech Rhythm
	4 Speech Rhythm and L2 Phonological Theories
		4.1 Structural Scope of Theoretical Contributions
		4.2 The Ontogeny Phylogeny Model (Major, 2001)
		4.3 The Linguistic Theory of L2 Phonological Development (James 1988)
	5 Data
	6 L2 Rhythm in German Learner English: An OPM Perspective
		6.1 Working Assumptions
		6.2 Predictions
		6.3 Method and Data
		6.4 Results
		6.5 Discussion
	7 L2 Rhythm in German Learner English: An LTD Perspective
		7.1 Working Assumptions
		7.2 Predictions
		7.3 Method and Data
		7.4 Results
		7.5 Discussion
	8 General Discussion
	Appendix 1
	Appendix 2
	References
Monolingual-Bilingual (Non-)convergence in L3 Rhythm
	1 Introduction
	2 Crosslinguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition of Phonology and the Necessity for Global Measures of Prosodic Features
	3 Measuring Speech Rhythm
	4 Speech Rhythm in L2 and L3 Acquisition
	5 Speech Rhythm in Monolingual and Bilingual Speakers of English
		5.1 Research Objectives and Questions
		5.2 Methodology
		5.3 Hypotheses
		5.4 Results
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	Appendix 1: Reading Text English
	Appendix 2: Reading Text “Der Nordwind und die Sonne”
	References
Measuring Rhythm
Rhythm Metrics and the Perception of Rhythmicity in Varieties of English as a Second Language
	1 Introduction
	2 Measuring Speech Rhythm
	3 Evidence on the Perceptual Relevance of Rhythm Metrics
		3.1 Accent Ratings and Their Correlations with Rhythm Metrics
		3.2 Isolating Rhythm as a Source of Acoustic Information on Speaker Origin
		3.3 Rhythm Metrics and the Perception of Rhythmicity
	4 A New Approach to Testing Rhythm Perception
	5 Methods
		5.1 Experiment
		5.2 Analysis
	6 Results
	7 Discussion
		7.1 Implications for the Analysis of Speech Rhythm Production
		7.2 Limitations and Implications for Future Research
	8 Conclusion
	Appendix
	References
Novel Methods for Characterising L2 Speech Rhythm
	1 Foreign Accent
	2 Speech Rhythm
	3 Three Multiscale Methods to Characterise Temporal Relations
		3.1 The S-AMPH Analysis
		3.2 Allan Factor Analysis
		3.3 The Multi-scale Coefficient of Variation (MSCV) Analysis
	4 Applying the Above Measures to L2 Speech
		4.1 Quantifying Foreign Accent
	5 Results
		5.1 S-AMPH Analysis
		5.2 Allan Factor Analysis
		5.3 Multi-scaled Coefficient of Variation (MSCV) Analysis
	6 Discussion
	References