Special Concretes - Workability and Mixing (Rilem Proceedings)

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 9
PART ONE  INTRODUCTION......Page 14
1 Introduction......Page 15
2 Definition of a special fresh concrete......Page 16
3 Workability of special concretes and the construction process......Page 17
5 References......Page 18
2 Ready-mixed concrete—concrete mixed in transit......Page 20
3 Mobile concrete pumps......Page 22
4 Summary......Page 23
5 References......Page 25
PART TWO  MIXING PROCEDURE AND EVALUATION  OF MIXERS......Page 26
1 Introduction......Page 27
3 Variables......Page 28
3.3  Cement......Page 29
4.2 Casting of test specimens......Page 30
5.1  Slump measurements......Page 31
5.2  Concrete viscosity measurements......Page 34
6 Conclusions......Page 37
8 Appendix A. High performance concrete test results......Page 38
1 Introduction......Page 41
2 The microhardness technique and preparation of samples......Page 42
3 Results and interpretations......Page 43
5 References......Page 46
1  Background......Page 48
2 Swedish standard method......Page 53
3 Tests on Mixer......Page 55
4 References......Page 57
PART THREE  WORKABILITY AND  MIX DESIGN......Page 58
6  WORKABILITY AND RHEOLOGY......Page 59
References......Page 61
1  Introduction......Page 63
2  Flow behaviour......Page 64
3 Workability and water demand. Portland cement  concretes......Page 65
4 Workability and water demand. Portland/slag and Portland fly ash concretes......Page 68
6 References......Page 69
PART FOUR  FIBRE CONCRETE......Page 73
1 Introduction......Page 74
2 Batching and mixing......Page 75
2.1  Steel fibres......Page 76
2.2 Polymer fibres......Page 77
3 Conclusions......Page 78
2 Manufacturing process......Page 79
3 Mixing and mix design......Page 81
4 Control of the mixing process......Page 82
7 References......Page 84
1 Introduction......Page 86
2.1  Principle......Page 87
2.3.1  Simultaneous separation and incorporation......Page 88
3 General information concerning incorporation of fibres......Page 89
4 Practical suggestions for better processing and distribution of synthetic fibres......Page 91
1 Formulation of 3 different FIBRAFLEX prototype mortars......Page 94
1.2 Influence of the w/c ratio on the flow time of the slurries......Page 95
1.4 Mortars of a constant slurry flow time and a constant slump......Page 97
3 Formulation of FIBRAFLEX reinforced mortars with Vf from 0% to 1.6%......Page 99
4 Manufacture of plates with different volumes of FIBRAFLEX in optimised mortars......Page 100
6  Acknowledgement......Page 102
1  Introduction......Page 103
2.1 Fibre Type......Page 104
2.4  Fibre Addition and Mixing......Page 105
2.6.2 Fibre Content......Page 106
3  Good Concrete Practice......Page 107
5  References......Page 108
1.2 Test Specimens......Page 109
2 Results......Page 110
3 General Notes......Page 111
1 Introduction......Page 112
2 Philosophy of Workability Tests for FRC......Page 113
3.1 Effect of Fibre Aspect Ratio......Page 114
3.2 Effect of Fibre Length......Page 116
5 Effect of Concrete Mixture Parameters......Page 117
6 Inverted Cone Test Variables......Page 118
7 Conclusions......Page 119
8 References......Page 124
PART FIVE  HIGH STRENGTH, ULTRA-RAPID HARDENING AND VERY DRY CONCRETES......Page 125
1  Introduction......Page 126
2  Clinker Development......Page 127
3  Rockfast Type K Composition......Page 128
5 Novel Cements......Page 129
7  Development and Trial Application of PQ-X Cement at Heathrow......Page 131
10 References......Page 133
1 Introduction......Page 135
3 Silica fume......Page 136
4 Research on HSC/HPC......Page 137
6 Practical experience with HSC/HPC......Page 138
 6.2 Cement and additives......Page 139
6.3 Mixing......Page 140
6.5  Handling and curing......Page 141
7  Slipformed fertilizer storage silos at Herøya......Page 142
8 Underground structures in Oslo......Page 143
9 High strength concrete in highway pavements......Page 144
10  Submerged concrete bridge at Karmy, Norway......Page 145
12 Main girders—Stongasundet Bridge......Page 146
 13 Concrete barge “Crete Joist”......Page 148
16 APPLICABILITY OF THE BINGHAM MODEL TO HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE......Page 149
References......Page 155
1 General......Page 156
3 Other properties......Page 157
4.1 General requirements......Page 158
4.2  Modified VB-test......Page 160
4.3  Proctor compaction test......Page 162
4.4  Kango Hammer......Page 163
5 Intensive Compaction test (IC-test)......Page 165
6  Practical experiences with an IC-tester......Page 167
7.1  General......Page 168
References......Page 169
1 Introduction......Page 172
2.1 La faiblesse de la zone de contact......Page 173
2.2 Solutions pour fortifier la zone de contact......Page 174
3.2 Les composants du béton de sable......Page 175
3.3 Preparation de la pâte......Page 176
4.2 Résultats préliminaires......Page 177
4.3 Fabrication systématique et experiences en série......Page 178
5 Conclusion......Page 180
6 Références......Page 181
1 Type of Microsilica and its effects on concrete......Page 182
2 Workability and its assessment......Page 183
4 Conclusions......Page 184
PART SIX  VERY HIGHLY WORKABLE, FLOWING CONCRETE......Page 185
1 Introduction......Page 186
2.2  Mix Proportion......Page 187
3.2 Apparatus for Evaluating Filling Ability......Page 188
4.2 Durability......Page 190
5.1 Architectural Concrete......Page 191
6 Concluding Remarks......Page 192
7 Reference......Page 193
1 Introduction......Page 194
2 Assessment of workability by standard tests......Page 195
2.2 Spread/Flow test......Page 196
3.2 The test method......Page 198
4 Workability of a Nondispersive Underwater mix......Page 199
4.1 Effects of dosage rate of UW admixture on the Orimet Flow Time......Page 200
4.2  Effect of fine aggregate content.......Page 201
5  Conclusions......Page 202
6 Further developments......Page 203
7 References......Page 204
1 Introduction......Page 206
2 Flow properties of fresh concrete and methods of measurement......Page 207
2.2 Crowding effects related to the limited size of the concrete part (wall effect)......Page 208
3 The needs of the engineer—Specifications of a rheometer for fluid concretes......Page 209
3.2 Response to the specifications [de Larrard 90, de Larrard et al. 92]]......Page 210
4 A Method of identification of the behaviour......Page 211
5 Conclusion......Page 212
6 References......Page 213
2 KEPS walls......Page 214
3 Specification......Page 217
4 Conclusions......Page 218
5 References......Page 219
PART SEVEN  FOAMED AND SPRAYED CONCRETE......Page 220
1 Introduction......Page 221
2.1 Generation of air pores......Page 222
2.2.1  Foamed concrete with preformed foam......Page 224
3.1  Workability properties......Page 226
3.2 Measurement of workability and consistency......Page 227
1 Introduction......Page 228
2 Development of high performance shotcrete......Page 229
3 Developement of a new rheometer......Page 231
4 Test Program......Page 232
5 Rheometer test results......Page 234
6 Conclusion......Page 236
8 References......Page 237
PART EIGHT  MIXES FOR REPAIR OF CONCRETE......Page 240
1 Introduction......Page 241
2 Sprayed concrete and mortar......Page 242
3  Hand applied mortars......Page 244
3 Flowing/pourable mortars......Page 247
5 References......Page 250
1 Introduction......Page 251
3  Testing philosophy......Page 252
3.1.1 Flow Trough Tests......Page 253
3.1.2 Simulated Soffit Tests......Page 255
3.1.3  Preliminary Field Trials......Page 256
3.2  Production Control Tests......Page 258
 3.3 Site Tests......Page 259
AUTHOR INDEX......Page 268
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 269