South American Contributions to World Archaeology

Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction: South American Archaeology’s Contributions to World Archaeology
	References
Part I: Hunter and Gatherer Societies in South America
	Chapter 2: Lifeworlds, Biota and Mineral Resources in the Checua River Valley, Colombia (9500 cal BP–1500 AD)
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Ancient Human Occupation in the Checua River Valley
			2.2.1 Chronology in the Checua River Valley
				2.2.1.1 Period I: Hunter-Gatherers (9000–5000 BP)
				2.2.1.2 Period II: Herrera (ca. 2000–1000 BP)
				2.2.1.3 Period III: Muisca (ca. 1000–350 BP)
				2.2.1.4 Period IV: Modern (350 BP – 1950 AD)
		2.3 Dwelling Perspective, Lifeworlds, and Memories: An Approach to Landscape Creation and Transformation
		2.4 Landscape Creation and Transformation in the Checua River Valley
			2.4.1 The North-East Lifeworld
			2.4.2 The South-East Lifeworlds
		2.5 Being-in-the Landscape: Contemporary Dwellers
		2.6 Final Remarks
		References
	Chapter 3: Sedentary Sites
		3.1 Settlement Patterns in the South-Central Andes
		3.2 The Model
		3.3 Results: Sedentary Sites
		3.4 Summary and Discussion
		Appendix I: Simulation Code
		References
	Chapter 4: Social Trajectories of Hunter-Gatherer Societies in Central Argentina: Exploration and Colonization of a Desert Landscape, La Pampa Province, Argentina
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Environment and Paleoenvironment Characteristics of the Research Area
		4.3 Chronological and Spatial Scale
		4.4 Early Holocene
		4.5 Middle Holocene
		4.6 Late Holocene
		4.7 Lithic Raw Materials
			4.7.1 Obsidian
			4.7.2 Quartzite
		4.8 Ornaments
			4.8.1 Metallic Ornaments
			4.8.2 Mineral Ornaments
			4.8.3 Malacological Ornaments and Artifacts
		4.9 Pottery
		4.10 Final Comments
		References
	Chapter 5: The Long-Term Relation Between Human Beings and Shellfish in the Semiarid Coast of Chile
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 The Study Area
		5.3 The Earliest Coastal Foragers Between 12,000 and 9500 cal BP
		5.4 The Surf Clam Shell Middens and a Diminishment Human Presence in the Advent of Major Environmental Changes
		5.5 The Development of a Well-Defined Field Processing Strategy Between 7600 and 4800 cal BP
		5.6 Collecting the Whole Diversity of Coastal Resources at Residential Sites Between 5300 and 2300 cal BP
		5.7 The Limited Use of Coastal Environments over the Last Millennia
		5.8 Discussion and Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 6: Hunter-Gatherers in a Broad Landscape: Off-Site Regional Archaeology in the Coyle River Basin, Southern Patagonia (Argentina)
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 The Coyle River Basin: Environmental Notes
		6.3 Distributional and Methodological Approach
		6.4 Distributional Results
		6.5 The Chronology
		6.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 7: Pioneer Population Nodes in Southern Patagonian Lands
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Transmission of Knowledge and Innovation During Exploration and Colonization
		7.3 Patagonia: The Earliest Evidences
		7.4 Habitats
		7.5 Pali Aike Lava Field: Fell Cave
		7.6 North Tierra del Fuego: Tres Arroyos 1
		7.7 West Patagonia: Ultima Esperanza
		7.8 Intermediate Lands
		7.9 Discussion
			7.9.1 Fell Cave Points
		7.10 Conclusions
		References
Part II: Past Humans as Agents of Landscape Formation and Transformation
	Chapter 8: The pre-Hispanic Raised Fields System of the Mompós Depression in the Colombian Caribbean Region.  A Preliminary Archaeological Report
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Intensive Agricultural Systems
		8.3 Field Methods for Archeological Exploration of the Raised Fields System
			8.3.1 The Geographic Information System
			8.3.2 Soil Sampling
			8.3.3 Soil Pollen Analysis
		8.4 Research Results
		8.5 Site Stratigraphy
			8.5.1 Chessboard Pattern
			8.5.2 Granulometry
			8.5.3 Description and Interpretation of the Pollen Diagram
		8.6 Stratigraphy of Ridges Organized in Long Canal
			8.6.1 Description and Interpretation of the Pollen Diagram of the Caño Carate Site
		8.7 Stratigraphy of Fan-Shaped Ridges
			8.7.1 Description and Interpretation of the Pollen Diagram of the Pueblo Búho Site
		8.8 Stratigraphy of Ridges Organized in a System of Canals Near Platforms
		References
	Chapter 9: As Seen Through the Trees, a Lens into Amazonian Mobility and Its Lasting Landscape
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Amazonian Fruits, Nuts, and Palms
		9.3 Amazonian Archaeobotanical Summary
		9.4 Managing the Forest
		9.5 Domestication of Woody Plants on a Human Timescale
		9.6 Cultural Choices and Landscapes
		9.7 A Slash-and-Burn Paradox
		9.8 Politics of an Ideal Forest Past
		References
	Chapter 10: Microstratigraphy and Faunal Records from a Shell Midden on the Hyperarid Coast of the Atacama Desert (Taltal, Chile)
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Study Area
		10.3 Methods and Materials
			10.3.1 Zapatero Archaeological Site
			10.3.2 Micromorphology
			10.3.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR)
			10.3.4 Faunal Analysis
		10.4 Results
			10.4.1 Archaeofacies Analysis
			10.4.2 Micromophology
			10.4.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR)
			10.4.4 Micro-Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometry (Micro-FTIR)
			10.4.5 Faunal Composition of Archaeofacies
		10.5 Discussion
			10.5.1 Site Taphonomy and Paleoenvironment
			10.5.2 Depositional Behaviours and Post-depositional Reworking
			10.5.3 Formation Processes
		10.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11: Environment Transformation and Landscape Domestication in the Lowlands of Northeast of Uruguay. Earthworks as Technology for the Management of Flood Ecosystems
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Environmental and Archaeological Context in the Lowlands of Uruguay
			11.2.1 Paleoenvironmental and Paleoclimatic Contexts
			11.2.2 Research History in Mounds
		11.3 Study Area: The Lowlands of Tacuarembó and Their Archaeological Context
			11.3.1 Description of the Researched Mound Sites
		11.4 Results of Archaeological Excavations at Mounds Sites in NE Uruguay
			11.4.1 Lemos Archaeological Site
			11.4.2 Cañada de los Caponcitos Archaeological Site
			11.4.3 Pago Lindo Archaeological Site
		11.5 Discussion
			11.5.1 Domesticating the Landscape. Mound Building as a Technology for the Management of Humid Ecosystems
				11.5.1.1 Preparation of Enriched Sediments, Building Practices and New Earthen Architecture
				11.5.1.2 Fire Management to Clear Herbaceous Vegetation
				11.5.1.3 Lagoons Managements and Anthropic Canals
				11.5.1.4 Management of Wild Species, and Maize and Squash Crops
		11.6 Conclusion
		Bibliography
Part III: Multiple Ways to Study Interaction Between the Social and Natural World
	Chapter 12: A Singular Perspective on the Influence of Andean Theory in Archaeology
		12.1 Outlining the Issue
		12.2 The Theoretical Turn That Never Matured
			12.2.1 Wider Contributions
		12.3 Post-structural and Material Cultural Turns in Andean Archaeology
		12.4 A Bias Against Theoretical Studies in the Andes?
		12.5 Moving Towards a Different Andean Archeology
		References
	Chapter 13: Sedentism, Production, and Early Interregional Interaction in the Northern Sierra of Ecuador
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Background
		13.3 Rancho Bajo
		13.4 Las Orquídeas
		13.5 Discussion
		13.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 14: Bioarchaeology of Andean South America: Past Contributions and Current Research
		14.1 Bioarchaeology: Definition, History and Research Focus
		14.2 Andean South America
		14.3 History of Bioanthropological Research in Andean South America
		14.4 Advances in Andean Bioarchaeology
		14.5 New Research Questions
		14.6 Identifying and Addressing Challenges in Bioarchaeology
		14.7 Future Prospects
		References
	Chapter 15: The Cosmopolitan Misfits of Mainstream Amazonia
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Hybrid Concepts of Hybridity
		15.3 Archaeological Misfits – Tupian Hybrids
		15.4 The Birth of Polychrome Hybrids
		15.5 Finding and Fitting Fluidity: A Case Study from the Middle Solimões River, Brazil
		15.6 Hybridism as a Strategy for Maintaining a Cultural Boundary: The Case of the Saracá Pottery of Middle Amazon River
		15.7 Final Discussion: When Bats and Vultures Dive into Polychrome Waves
		References
	Chapter 16: Humanized Nature: Symbolic Representation of Fauna in Pottery from the Paraná River of South America
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 Background for the Study of Zoomorphic Appendages
		16.3 Analysis of Zoomorphic Appendages and Taxonomic Identification
		16.4 Comparison Between Zoomorphic Appendages and Archeofaunal Record
		16.5 Discussion
		16.6 Conclusions
		References
Making Connections
	Ethnographically and Conceptually Informed Interpretations of the Past
	Scales of Archaeological Synthesis: From landscape to Region
	Emerging Intersections in Archaeological Science
	Plant Use and Domesticatory Relationships
	Voices from the Margins
References
Index