Solute Movement in the Rhizosphere (Topics in Sustainable Agronomy)

Contents......Page 16
Main Symbols......Page 18
1 Introduction......Page 24
1.1 The Origin of Current Ideas......Page 25
1.2 The Beginning of the Modern Period (c. 1940–1960)......Page 26
1.3 Wider Perspectives......Page 30
1.4 The Continuity Equation......Page 32
2.1 Water Potential......Page 35
2.2 Transfer of Water......Page 41
2.3 Water Use by Plants......Page 47
2.4 Conclusion......Page 63
3.1 Composition of the Soil Solution......Page 64
3.2 Buffer Power......Page 72
3.4 Cations with Multiple Valency......Page 74
5.5 Environmental Variables that Affect Uptake Rate......Page 149
3.6 Rates of Ionic Interchange between Solid and Solution......Page 78
3.7 Mineralization and Immobilization in Organic Forms......Page 84
3.8 Applications to Whole Crop and Drainage Models......Page 85
3.9 Sorption Reactions of Organic Materials......Page 86
4.1 Diffusion......Page 92
4.2 Diffusion in Soils......Page 98
4.3 Mass Flow and Dispersion in Solution......Page 111
4.4 Gaseous Convection and Diffusion......Page 114
4.5 Mechanical Movement......Page 115
5.1 Root Morphology......Page 116
5.2 The Ion Uptake Process......Page 122
5.3 Ion Uptake Kinetics and Plant Demand......Page 133
5.4 Plant Factors that Affect Uptake Rates......Page 146
5.6 Conclusion......Page 150
6.1 Transport Processes......Page 151
6.2 Experimental Evidence for Theory of Diffusion near Roots with Restricted Mass Flow......Page 158
6.3 Roots with Root Hairs......Page 163
6.4 Simultaneous Diffusion and Convection......Page 166
6.5 The Effect of Soil Moisture Level on Solute Absorption by Single Roots......Page 171
7.1 Physical Effects......Page 177
7.2 Chemical Effects......Page 180
7.3 Direct Effects of Soluble Exudates on Mineral Nutrition......Page 193
8.1 Microbial Substrates in the Rhizosphere......Page 200
8.2 The Microbiological Community and the Processes of the Rhizosphere......Page 206
8.3 Effects on Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition by Mycorrhizal Fungi......Page 215
8.4 Effects of Other Organisms on Nutrient Uptake and Growth......Page 243
8.5 Conclusion......Page 244
9.1 Root–Shoot Relations and the Allocation of Carbon into the Root System......Page 245
9.2 The Morphology and Measurement of Root Systems......Page 251
9.3 Factors Affecting Root Form and Distribution in Soil......Page 262
9.4 Root Distribution and Density in the Field......Page 280
9.5 The Modelling of Root System Growth and Morphology......Page 284
10.1 Types of Models......Page 290
10.2 Relationships between Nutrient Uptake, Plant Composition and Growth, and Soil Supply......Page 293
10.3 Root System Uptake Models for Simplified Conditions without Competition......Page 304
10.4 Uptake by Competing Roots within a Single Root System in Simplified Conditions......Page 306
10.5 Root System Uptake Models with Competition in Simplified Conditions......Page 313
10.6 Whole-Plant Growth and Uptake Models......Page 324
10.7 Conclusion......Page 326
11.1 Uptake of Water and Nutrients by Field Crops in Relation to the Development of Crop Models......Page 329
11.2 Transfer of Solutes in a Profile......Page 337
11.3 Modelling of Monoculture Crops......Page 351
11.4 Nutrient Uptake by Mixed Vegetation......Page 374
11.5 Natural Vegetation......Page 386
11.6 Conclusion......Page 391
References......Page 394
A......Page 456
D......Page 457
F......Page 458
M......Page 459
N......Page 460
P......Page 461
R......Page 462
T......Page 464
Z......Page 465