Solar Wind Sources of Magnetospheric Ultra-Low-Frequency Waves

Geophysical Monograph Series......Page 1
Solar Wind Sources of Magnetospheric Ultra-Low-Frequency Waves......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 10
2. EARLY HISTORY......Page 12
3. STANDING WAVES......Page 13
4. SOLAR WIND SOURCES......Page 15
5. THE DRIVEN FIELD LINE RESONANCE......Page 16
6. CAVITY MODES......Page 19
7. RECONCILING SPACE AND GROUND OBSERVATIONS......Page 20
9. REFERENCES......Page 21
INTRODUCTION......Page 23
A MICROHISTORY......Page 24
Magnetopause......Page 25
Bow Shock and Cone Angle......Page 27
Temporal change......Page 28
Wave transfer......Page 29
Pressure variation......Page 30
REFERENCES......Page 32
INTRODUCTION......Page 34
POLOIDAL PC 4......Page 35
COMPRESSIONAL PC 3......Page 40
TOROIDAL HARMONICS......Page 41
TOROIDAL PC 5......Page 42
SUMMARAY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 44
Compressional PC 3 and Toroidal Multi-harmonic Resonances......Page 46
REFERENCES......Page 50
INTRODUCTION......Page 53
SEARCH FOR CONNECTION OF Pc2-4 PROPERTIES WlTH THE PARAMETERS OF MAGNETOSPHERE AND SOLAR WIND......Page 54
DISCOVERY OF CONNECTION OFIMF DIRECTIONWITH OCCURRENCE OF PC3-4 AND THEIR FREQUENCY WITH THE VALUE OF THE IMF......Page 55
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 59
REFERENCES......Page 61
HISTORICAL REVIEW......Page 63
REFERENCES......Page 73
INTRODUCTION......Page 75
ANALYSIS......Page 76
DISCUSSION......Page 79
REFERENCES......Page 82
INTRODUCTION......Page 83
THE GEOMETRY OF THE FORESHOCK......Page 84
THE SOURCES OF UPSTREAM WAVES......Page 86
WAVES GENERATED BY ELECTRONS......Page 87
WAVES GENERATED BY BACKSTREAMING IONS......Page 88
WAVES GENERATED BY PICKUP IONS......Page 89
THE IDENTIFICATION OF WAVE MODES......Page 91
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 92
REFERENCES......Page 93
1.INTRODUCTION......Page 95
3. ULF WAVES FOR RADIAL IMF......Page 99
Pressure Fluctuations Associated with the Waves......Page 101
Bandwidth of ULF Waves......Page 102
6. REMAINING PROBLEMS......Page 103
REFERENCES......Page 105
INTRODUCTION......Page 107
Precursor Whistler Mode Waves......Page 108
'One Hz' Whistler Mode Waves......Page 109
Ion Cyclotron Waves......Page 110
ULF Fast Magnetosonic Waves and Mode Conversion Downstream......Page 112
REFERENCES......Page 113
INTRODUCTION......Page 115
SUPRATHERMAL IONS THE FORESHOCK AND MAGNETOSHEATH......Page 116
Field-aligned beams......Page 117
Specularly reflected ions......Page 119
Diffuse ion distributions......Page 121
Specularly reflected ions......Page 123
BOW SHOCK AND MAGNETOSPHERIC RELATIONS......Page 124
REFERENCES......Page 126
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 128
2.1. Upstream Waves and Shock Re-formation......Page 129
2.2. Temporal and Spatial Scales Associated With Shock Reformation......Page 131
3. TWO-FLUID THEORY VERSUS KINETIC THEORY......Page 133
3.2. Mode Properties and Nomenclature......Page 134
4. TWO-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS......Page 136
5. INTERACTION OF WAVES WITH THE MAGNETOPAUSE......Page 137
REFERENCES......Page 139
UPSTREAM WAVES......Page 142
Generation Mechanism......Page 143
Upstream Waves Before Other Shock Fronts......Page 144
The Penetration of a Disturbance Deep Into the Magnetosphere......Page 145
Field line resonance......Page 146
METHODS OF EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PC3 WAVE FIELD STRUCTURE......Page 149
The Method of Dynamical Parameters......Page 150
REFERENCES......Page 151
INTRODUCTION......Page 153
MIRROR INSTABILITY THEORY......Page 154
Linear Theory - Kinetic Theory......Page 155
OBSERVATIONS......Page 157
Inferences from Observations......Page 158
Data Set 1......Page 159
Data Set 2......Page 161
SUMMARY......Page 163
REFERENCES......Page 164
INTRODUCTION......Page 165
Implications......Page 166
PC 3 - 4 WAVES......Page 169
Observation and Technique Development......Page 170
Discussion......Page 171
Discussion......Page 172
Northward IMF......Page 173
Southward IMF......Page 174
REFERENCES......Page 175
INTRODUCTION......Page 178
SOLAR WIND PRESSURE PULSES......Page 179
KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY......Page 180
FLUX TRANSFER EVENTS......Page 182
A CASE STUDY OF TRANSIENT EVENTS IN THE OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE......Page 183
REFERENCES......Page 186
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 188
2. OBSERVATIONAL FACTS......Page 189
3. MODEL......Page 194
4. EXAMINATION OF THE MODEL......Page 196
6. DISCUSSION......Page 198
REFERENCES......Page 203
INTRODUCTION......Page 206
31 December 1984......Page 207
27 December 1991......Page 209
DISCUSSION......Page 210
CONCLUSION......Page 214
REFERENCES......Page 215
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 217
3. FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS IN THE DAYSIDE BOUNDARY LAYER AND PLASAMA MANTLE......Page 219
REFERENCES......Page 224
INTRODUCTION......Page 226
2. DYNAMIC RECONNECTION......Page 228
ii The Rate of Twisting Due To Velocity Shear:......Page 229
iii Distortion Level:......Page 230
iv The Relationship Between The Normalized Helicity andMagnetic Local Time:......Page 231
4. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION......Page 232
REFERENCES......Page 233
INTRODUCTION......Page 234
THE IONOSPHERIC VORTEX PATTERN......Page 236
THE FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS......Page 241
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DEVELOPMENT OF CONVECTION VORTICES......Page 243
STATISTICAL SURVEYS......Page 248
CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY......Page 251
REFERENCES......Page 253
INTRODUCTION......Page 255
Theory......Page 256
Observations......Page 258
NONLINEAR EFFECTS......Page 262
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 263
REFERENCES......Page 265
SOLAR WIND OBSERVATIONS......Page 267
MAGNETOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS......Page 268
GROUND OBSERVATIONS......Page 269
SUMMARAY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 271
REFERENCES......Page 273
INTRODUCTION......Page 274
IONOSPHERIC CONDUCTIVITY EFFECTS......Page 275
INJECTION OF MAGNETIC HELICITY......Page 278
DISCUSSION......Page 280
REFERENCES......Page 281
Tikhonov-Cagniard model......Page 283
Possible input of electric mode in the ULF pulsation structure......Page 284
Resonant structure of ULF field......Page 285
Distortions of MTS curves......Page 286
Gradient method......Page 287
Polarization of horizontal magnetic components......Page 288
Resonant properties of the vertical magnetic component......Page 289
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF GRADIENT AND POLARIZATION METHODS......Page 290
REFERENCES......Page 291
INTRODUCTION......Page 293
MODE STRUCTURES......Page 294
DISCUSSION......Page 295
REFERENCES......Page 297
INTRODUCTION......Page 298
IDENTIFICATION OF FLR BEHAVIOUR AT LOW LATITUDES......Page 299
MULTISTATION OBSERVATIONS......Page 301
Latitudinal width of the resonance region......Page 305
Latitudinal variation in eigenfrequency and low latitude limit of resonance......Page 306
REFERENCES......Page 307
INTRODUCTION......Page 310
Data......Page 311
IdentIfication of PC 3,4 wave events......Page 312
Statistical relation between the Pc 3,4 pulstations amplitude and L-value......Page 317
Short-lived oscillations......Page 318
DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY......Page 319
REFERENCES......Page 321
INTRODUCTION......Page 324
GEOMAGNETIC FIELD DATA......Page 325
DATA ANALYSES......Page 326
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION......Page 332
REFERENCES......Page 333
INTRODUCTION......Page 334
DATA BASE and SAMPLE EVENTS......Page 335
STATISTICAL STUDY......Page 337
DISCUSSION and SUMMARY......Page 340
REFERENCES......Page 341
INTRODUCTION......Page 343
DATA......Page 344
DISCUSSION......Page 347
REFERENCES......Page 350
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 352
2. DATA USED IN THE STUDY......Page 353
3.1 Nagycenk - Upstream Waves......Page 354
3.2 TromsO Activity Versus Upstream Waves......Page 355
4. SELECTED EVENTS......Page 356
5. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 358
REFERENCES......Page 359
DATA AND METHODOLOGY......Page 361
RESULTS......Page 362
SUMMARAY AND DISCUSSION......Page 366
REFERENCES......Page 370
INTRODUCTION......Page 372
Illustrative EXamples......Page 373
Statistical Characteristics......Page 375
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION......Page 378
REFERENCES......Page 381
INTRODUCTION......Page 383
OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSION......Page 384
REFERENCES......Page 390
INTRODUCTION......Page 392
EQUIPMENT AND DATA......Page 393
DIURNAL DISTRIBUTIONS IN MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM YEARS......Page 394
AVERAGE Pc PERIOD IN MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM YEARS......Page 395
DISCUSSION......Page 396
REFERENCES......Page 397
INTRODUCTION......Page 399
Solar Wind Pulse and Geomagnetic Activity......Page 400
PC 5 Pulsations......Page 401
Particle Fluxes......Page 402
Processes Triggered by the Solar Wind Pressure Pulse......Page 403
CONCLUSION......Page 405
REFERENCES......Page 406