Software Architecture. 17th European Conference, ECSA 2023 Istanbul, Turkey, September 18–22, 2023 Proceedings

Preface
Organization
Abstract of Keynotes
	The Trek Towards Sustainability - Truth, Tale, or Transition?
	Green IT: How You Can Take Action Now
	Software Architecture in the Era of Collective Intelligence: The Rise of Systems-of-Systems
	Contents
Quality in Software Architectures
Supporting the Exploration of Quality Attribute Tradeoffs in Large Design Spaces
	1 Introduction
	2 Example: A Client-Server Design Space
	3 Requirements for Tradeoff Explainability
	4 Approach
		4.1 Design Representation Using a Search Graph
		4.2 Clustering of the Quality-Attribute Space
		4.3 Distance Between Architectural Configurations
		4.4 Explanation Charts
	5 Study Design
		5.1 Client-Server Design Space
		5.2 User Study
	6 Findings
		6.1 Threats to Validity
	7 Related Work
	8 Conclusions
	References
Tool Support for the Adaptation of Quality of Service Trade-Offs in Service- and Cloud-Based Dynamic Routing Architectures
	1 Introduction
	2 Approach Overview
	3 Approach Details
		3.1 Reconfiguration Activities of the Dynamic Configurator
		3.2 Analytical Models
	4 Tool Overview
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 Evaluation Cases
		5.2 Results Analysis
	6 Threats to Validity
	7 Related Work
	8 Conclusions
	References
Architecture-Based Attack Path Analysis for Identifying Potential Security Incidents
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling Attack Paths and Path Selection
	3 Attack Path Identification
	4 Evaluation
	5 Related Work
	6 Conclusion
	References
Carving Sustainability into Architecture Knowledge Practice
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background
		1.2 Related Studies
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Study Objective and Questions
		2.2 Study Design
	3 Main Findings and Results
		3.1 Demographics
		3.2 Architecture Knowledge Elements
		3.3 Architecture Knowledge Representation
		3.4 Architecture Knowledge Communication
		3.5 Sustainability
	4 Discussion
	5 Threats to Validity
	6 Conclusion
	References
Guidance Models for Designing Big Data Cyber Security Analytics Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Approach
	3 Guidance Models
		3.1 Data Engineering
		3.2 Feature Engineering
		3.3 Process Engineering
		3.4 Data Processing
		3.5 Data Post-Processing
	4 Related Work
	5 Conclusions
	References
Architecture Modeling and Design
Automated Integration of Heteregeneous Architecture Information into a Unified Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Digital Architecture Twin
		2.2 Architecture Information Recovery Methods
	3 Problem Statement and Challenges for Architecture Information Integration
	4 Detailed Architecture Integration Approach
	5 Implementation
	6 Evaluation
		6.1 Goals and Questions
		6.2 Metrics
		6.3 Methodology
		6.4 Results and Discussion
		6.5 Threats to Validity
	7 Related Work
	8 Conclusion
	References
An Experience Report on the Design and Implementation of an Ad-hoc Blockchain Platform for Tactical Edge Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Context and Architectural Vision
		2.1 Current Architecture: Centralised Information Platform
		2.2 Vision: Decentralised Secure Information Platform
	3 Design and Implementation of the Platform
		3.1 Requirements and Constraints
		3.2 Platform Architecture
		3.3 Platform Implementation
		3.4 Platform Bootstrapping Process
	4 Develop and Deploy Applications with the Platform
		4.1 Application Architecture
		4.2 Application Development Process
		4.3 Application Deployment Process
	5 Case Study
		5.1 Context
		5.2 Implementation
		5.3 Deployment and Operation
	6 Lessons Learned
	7 Related Work
	8 Conclusions
	References
Designing a Reference Architecture for the C-ITS Services
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Abstraction Phase
		2.2 Description Phase
		2.3 Architecture Review
	3 Results
		3.1 C-ITS System Classification
		3.2 C-ITS Architecture Description
	4 Lessons Learnt
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Towards Assessing Spread in Sets of Software Architecture Designs
	1 Introduction
	2 Motivating Example
	3 Related Work
	4 Proposed Architectural Quality Indicator
		4.1 Architectural Distance as Sequence Distance
		4.2 Application of MAS
	5 Conclusion
	References
Continuous Evaluation of Consistency in Software Architecture Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Approach
		3.1 Supporting Tools
	4 Evaluation
	5 Discussion
	6 Final Remarks
	References
Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems
Architecting Explainable Service Robots
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminaries
	3 Towards Explainable HMT
	4 Explainability Levels
	5 Architectural Solution
	6 Evaluation
	7 Related Work
	8 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Analysing Interoperability in Digital Twin Software Architectures for Manufacturing
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 ISO 23247 and Information Exchange
		2.2 The Conceptual Interoperability Model
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Research Goal and Questions
		3.2 Search and Selection Process
		3.3 Classification Framework and Data Extraction
		3.4 Data Analysis and Synthesis
		3.5 Threats to Validity
	4 Results
		4.1 How Is Data Exchanged? (RQ1)
		4.2 Interoperability Level (RQ2)
	5 Summary, Discussion and Future Directions
	6 Related Work
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Architecting Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Cars: The OpenPilot Framework
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Materials and Methods
	3 Framework Architecture
	4 OpenPilot and SelfDrive
		4.1 Package Structure
		4.2 The ModelD Artificial Intelligence Module
	5 OpenPilot: A Technical and Socio-Organizational Quality Analysis
	6 Discussions
	7 Conclusions
	References
Designing and Evaluating Interoperable Industry 4.0 Middleware Software Architecture: Reconfiguration of Robotic System
	1 Introduction and Motivation
	2 Problem and Approach
		2.1 Use Case: Upload Program
		2.2 Problem
		2.3 Approach
	3 Quality Attribute Scenario
	4 Middleware Software Architecture Design
		4.1 Design
		4.2 Tactics
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 Design
		5.2 Measurements, Pilot Test, and Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Shaping IoT Systems Together: The User-System Mixed-Initiative Paradigm and Its Challenges
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Smart City Scenario and IoT-Together Paradigm
	4 Discussion, Challenges, and Future Directions
	References
Software Architecture Implementation and Deployment
Analyzing the Evolution of Inter-package Dependencies in Operating Systems: A Case Study of Ubuntu
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Motivation
		2.1 Software Complexity
		2.2 Code Dependency Types
	3 Our Approach and Implementation
	4 Studying the Architectural Aspects of Ubuntu
	5 Findings and Results
		5.1 OS-Wide Dependency Graph
		5.2 Dependencies Coupling Aspects
		5.3 Dependency Graphs Evolutionary Trends
	6 Discussion
		6.1 Threats to Validity
		6.2 Challenges and Limitations
	7 Related Work
	8 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
A Graph-Based Java Projects Representation for Antipatterns Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Approach for Graph Construction
		2.1 Relations Between Classes
		2.2 Relations Between Classes and Methods
		2.3 Relations Between Methods
		2.4 Automatic Graph Generation: Tool Implementation
	3 Antipatterns Mathematical Formulation
		3.1 God Class Antipattern: Mathematical Formulation
		3.2 Circuitous Treasure Hunt Antipattern: Mathematical Formulation
		3.3 Empty Semi Truck Antipattern: Mathematical Formulation
	4 Related Work
		4.1 Graph-Based Representation of Object-Oriented Projects
		4.2 Antipatterns Detection
		4.3 Open Challenges of the Approach
	5 Conclusion
	References
Scalable Cloud-Native Pipeline for Efficient 3D Model Reconstruction from Monocular Smartphone Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Technology
		2.1 Standard and Conventional Techniques
		2.2 AI-Based Techniques
	3 Proposed Pipeline
		3.1 Pipeline Definition
		3.2 Data Acquisition
		3.3 Preprocessing
		3.4 Reconstruction
		3.5 Architecture
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Qualitative Evaluation
		4.2 Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Automated Reverse Engineering of the Technology-Induced Software System Structure
	1 Introduction
	2 Foundation
	3 Approach
	4 Evaluation
	5 Related Work
	6 Conclusion
	References
Cloud-Native Architecture for Mixed File-Based and API-Based Digital Twin Exchange
	1 Introduction
	2 Digital Twins in a Nutshell
		2.1 Scope and Key Concepts
		2.2 Architectural Challenges for Digital Twins and AAS
	3 Cloud-Native Architecture for AAS Implementation
	4 Related Work
	5 Summary and Future Work
	References
Software Architecture Documentation
What Rationales Drive Architectural Decisions? An Empirical Inquiry
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Method
		3.1 Questionnaire: Data-Gathering
		3.2 Questionnaire: Analysis
		3.3 Interviews: Data Gathering
		3.4 Interviews: Analysis
	4 Results
		4.1 RQ1 & RQ2: Most Frequent Rationales and Prioritised Software Quality Attributes
		4.2 RQ3: Rationales\' Origins
	5 Discussion
	6 Threats to Validity
	7 Conclusion
	References
Learning from Each Other: How Are Architectural Mistakes Communicated in Industry?
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Data Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 RQ1: Definition and Characteristics of SA Mistakes
		3.2 RQ2: Management of SA Mistakes
		3.3 RQ3: Communication of SA Mistakes
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Increase Detection Trigger
		4.2 Ensure Communication Opportunities
	5 Related Work
	6 Threats to Validity
	7 Conclusion
	References
A Query Language for Software Architecture Information
	1 Introduction
	2 The Digital Architecture Twin (DArT)
	3 Application Scenarios
	4 The Architecture Information Query Language (AIQL)
	5 User Study
	6 Related Work
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Extracting the Architecture of Microservices: An Approach for Explainability and Traceability
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Our Approach
		3.1 Tree Structure Abstraction
		3.2 Generic Exploratory Algorithm
		3.3 Scanner
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Comparison of Manually Derived and Automatically Extracted Views
		4.2 Detectors
		4.3 Traces
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Comparison of Static and Dynamic Analysis to Identify Microservices in Monolith Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Monolith Microservices Identification
		3.1 Data Collection Tools
		3.2 Monolith Monitoring
		3.3 Static vs Dynamic Data Collection
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Complexity and Similarity Measures Correlation
		4.2 Best Complexity Decomposition
		4.3 Lessons Learned
	5 Conclusions
	References
Author Index