Soft Computing for Security Applications: Proceedings of ICSCS 2023 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1449)

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Designing Recommendation System for Hotels Using Cosine Similarity Function
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Modelling
	3 Literature Review
	4 Flow Diagram
	5 Cosine Similarity Function
		5.1 Compute the Similarity Score
		5.2 Determine the Magnitude
	6 Working Diagram
	7 Contrasting
		7.1 Cosine Similarity Function Versus Euclidean Distance
		7.2 Drawbacks of Cosine Similarity Function
		7.3 Jaccard Similarity Versus Cosine Similarity Function
	8 Applications
	9 Architecture Diagram
	10 Results and Discussion
	11 Identifying Similar Users
	12 Conclusion
	References
Vehicle Detection in Autonomous Vehicles Using Computer Vision
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Architecture of Self-driving Cars
	4 Existing Methods
		4.1 CNN
		4.2 RCNN
		4.3 Fast RCNN
		4.4 Faster RCNN
	5 Proposed Methodology—YOLO
	6 YOLO Framework
	7 Intersection Over Union and Non-max Suppression
	8 Experimental Setup
	9 Algorithm
	10 Results and Discussions
		10.1 Precision–Recall Curve
		10.2 Prediction Rate
	11 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of the Volume of Costs and Profits Under Conditions of Uncertainty Using the Method of Fuzzy Logic
	1 Introduction
	2 Fuzzy Logic Theory
		2.1 Fuzzy Rules
		2.2 Fuzzification
		2.3 Inference
		2.4 Defuzzification
	3 Operating Volume Profit Analysis
		3.1 Breakeven Point Analysis
	4 Fuzzy Logic Approach for AVP Analysis
		4.1 Analyzing Data Using Fuzzy Logic Method
		4.2 Data, Purpose, and Method
		4.3 Resolving Fuzzification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Deep Learning-Based Sign Language Recognition and Translation
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Convolutional Neural Network
	4 Proposed System
	5 Implementation
	6 Result and Discussion
	7 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Automated Suspicious Activity Detection from Surveillance Videos
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 LRCN Model
		3.2 Dataset
		3.3 Pre-processing
		3.4 Training and Testing
		3.5 Deployment
	4 Results and Analysis
		4.1 Model Layer Diagram
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Emergence of Blockchain Technology in Various Smart IoMT-Enabled Healthcare Security Scenarios
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Smart Healthcare Security Requirements
	4 Blockchain
		4.1 Blockchain Header
		4.2 Transaction Header
	5 Blockchain and Smart Health Care
		5.1 Need of Blockchain for Smart Health Care
		5.2 Security Issues of Blockchain
		5.3 Integration of IoT and Machine Learning Models
	6 Comparative Study
	7 Research Challenges
	8 Future Scope
	9 Conclusion
	References
Elderly People Assistance Based on Advanced Hardware Module and a Mobile App
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Objective and Scope
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Technical Feasibility
		3.2 Design Feasibility Inference
		3.3 Value Propositions
		3.4 Functional Block Diagram
	4 Work Description
		4.1 Image to Speech Conversion
		4.2 Translation
		4.3 Text Summarization
		4.4 Genre Classification
		4.5 Project Workflow
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Back-End Process
		5.2 OCR
		5.3 Text to Speech and Text Translation
		5.4 Text Summarizer
		5.5 Genre Classification
		5.6 The NLP Pipeline Developed Uses Following Methods for Cleaning the Data
	6 Conclusion
	References
Escasalus—ML-Based Food Quality Checker
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 Analyzing Hardware Setup
		3.2 Preparing Dataset
		3.3 Processing of MQ-X Sensor’s Data Using Machine Learning
		3.4 Visualization of Output
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
IoT and Machine Learning-Based Soil Quality and Crop Yield Prediction for Agricultural System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Building the Machine Learning Model
	4 Data Acquisition from IoT Sensors, and Predictions
		4.1 Proposed System
	5 Results and Analysis
	6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Blockchain Technology-Based Holiday Exchange Network
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Three Ways Blockchain Would Disrupt Traditional Business [4]
		1.2 Various Economic Factors Are Responsible to Drive Industrial Changes in the Environment [5]
	2 Literature Survey
		2.1 The Components of a Blockchain and Their Functionalities Include
		2.2 Study and Analysis
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Machine Learning-Based Hybrid Movie Recommendation System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Understanding
		3.2 Preprocessing of Data
		3.3 Content-Based Filtering
		3.4 Collaborative Filtering
		3.5 Hybrid Recommendation System
	4 Analysis and Results
		4.1 Content-Based Filtering
		4.2 Collaborative Filtering
		4.3 Hybrid Recommendation System:
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Peer-to-Peer Electric Vehicle Charging Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed System
	4 Implementation
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Blockchain Crowdfunding: A New Era in Democratizing Investment Opportunities
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 Metamask Wallet
		3.2 Solidity Smart Contract
		3.3 Ethereum Network
	4 Implementation
		4.1 Struct Campaign
		4.2 Creation of Campaign on Blockchain
		4.3 IPFS
		4.4 Getting Campaigns
		4.5 Donate to Campaign
		4.6 Transfer ERC20 Tokens
	5 Result and Discussion
		5.1 Connect to Metamask Wallet
		5.2 Verification of Campaigner
		5.3 Creation of Campaign
		5.4 Recent Campaign
		5.5 Donate to Campaign (ERC20 Tokens)
		5.6 Donate to Campaign (ETH Coins)
	6 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Retinex-Based Improvisation of Low Contrast Images with MATLAB
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Experimentation
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
OpenAI ChatGPT-Generated Results: Similarity Index of Artificial Intelligence-Based Contents
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology and Academic Integrity
		1.2 Other Side of ChatGPT
		1.3 Objective
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Missing Citations from the Sources
		4.2 Corrective Actions
		4.3 Best Practice on Potential Solutions
		4.4 Limitations
	5 Conclusion
	References
Unmanned Electrical Energy Billing System and Theft Control Using the GSM Module
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
	4 Design of Prototype Model
	5 Experimentation and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Palm Vein Biometric System Using Support Vector Machine Classifier
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 Image Enhancement
		3.2 Feature Extraction
		3.3 Classification
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Image Enhancement
		4.2 Feature Extraction
	5 Conclusion
	References
Enhancing Transaction Scalability of Blockchain Network Using Sharding Technique
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Blockchain Consensus Protocol
		1.2 Working of Blockchain System
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed Architecture Design of Blockchain Network
		3.1 Sharding Mechanisms
		3.2 Proposed Sharding Scheme for Blockchain Network
		3.3 Data Sharding of Block Transactions
		3.4 Blockchain Mining and Validation Operations
	4 Implementation
		4.1 Workload Distribution by Miner Nodes
	5 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Revolutionising Public Restrooms: Smart Urinal System with Ammonia Detection and Automated Flushing
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Automatic Flusher
		3.2 Automatic Cleanser
		3.3 Data Communication Module
		3.4 Server
	4 Proposed Solution
		4.1 System Description
		4.2 Flow of the System
		4.3 System Cost
	5 Implementation and Testing
	6 Results and Analysis
		6.1 Power Consumption
		6.2 Accuracy of the Flushing
	7 Impact of the Project
		7.1 Societal Impacts
		7.2 Economical Impacts
		7.3 Environmental Impacts
	8 Conclusion
	9 Future Scope
	References
Modeling and Algorithmization of Process Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Purpose of the Study
	3 Solutıon Method
	4 Formulatıon of the Problem
	5 Algorıthm for Solvıng of the Problem
	6 Conclusion
	References
NiftyPlace: An NFT Marketplace Using Blockchain
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Technical Stack
		3.1 NodeJS and Package Managers for NodeJS
		3.2 Wallets
		3.3 Main Network and Test Network
		3.4 Test Cryptocurrency
		3.5 Solidity Development Environment/Deployment
		3.6 OppenZeppelin/Contracts
		3.7 File Storage/IPFS
		3.8 Front End
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Minting and Listing
		4.2 Buying
		4.3 Relist NFT
		4.4 Cancel Listing
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 User Interface: Home Page
		5.2 User Interface: Mint NFTs Page
		5.3 User Interface: Buying NFT from the Home Page
		5.4 User Interface: My Collection Page
		5.5 User Interface: Listed NFTs
	6 Conclusion
	References
Measuring Performance Metrics for Blockchain-Based Land Registration Systems: A Mathematical Model Approach
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
		1.2 Justification
		1.3 Contributions
	2 Related Work
	3 Mathematical Model for a Blockchain-Based Land Registration System
	4 Conclusion
	References
Dtweet: Disaster Tweet Analysis Using Deep Learning Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Methodology for Tweet Analysis
		3.1 Data Cleaning
		3.2 Exploratory Data Analysis
		3.3 Data Preprocessing
		3.4 Bidirectional Encoder Representation of Transformer (BERT) for Tweet Analysis
	4 Experımental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Post-Disaster Aerial Image Analysis Using Deep Learning and Image Processing
	1 Introduction
	2 Theory
		2.1 Survey of Existing Systems
		2.2 Limitations Found in Existing Systems
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Pre-processing
		3.3 Methodologies
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Evaluation Metrics
		4.2 Results
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
PCB Defect Detection Using CNN-Based Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Suggested Approach
		3.1 Block Diagram
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Dataset
	5 Results
		5.1 Missing Hole
		5.2 Mouse Bite
	6 Conclusion
	7 Future Scope
	References
Comparative Analysis on Breast Cancer Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Acquisition
		3.2 Preprocessing
		3.3 Support Vector Machine (SVM)
		3.4 Random Forest (RT)
		3.5 Decision Tree (DT)
		3.6 Naive Bayes (NB)
		3.7 K Neighbor (KNN)
		3.8 Logistic Regression
		3.9 Model Evaluation
	4 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Transfer Learning Based Classification of Nephrolithiasis Using CT Scan Images Employing Machine Learning with Image Processing
	1 Introduction
	2 Existing System
	3 Proposed System
	4 The Experimental Process Involved in the Detection of Kidney Stones
		4.1 Data Acquisition and Data Processing
		4.2 Image Segmentation
		4.3 Feature Extraction
		4.4 Optimization Techniques
	5 Simulation Result
	6 Conclusion
	References
Decision Trees as a Predictive Model in Digital Marketing
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Marketing Trend in Industry 4.0
		1.2 Adaptation of Companies in Marketing 4.0
		1.3 The Internet of Things (IoT) in Data-Driven Marketing
		1.4 Content Marketing in Industry 4.0
		1.5 Decision Trees
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
RGM-Based Smart Non-invasive Ventilator for Supporting Respiratory System
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Methodology
		2.1 Architecture of the Proposed Methodology
		2.2 Circuit Diagram of the Proposed Methodology
		2.3 Software Implementation
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Experimental Result
		3.2 Efficiency
	4 Conclusion
	References
Embedded C-Based Automatic Waste Segregation System
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed Methodology
	4 Hardware Requirements
		4.1 Arduino Uno
		4.2 Inductive Proximity Sensor
		4.3 Capacitive Proximity Sensor
		4.4 Moisture Sensor
		4.5 Servo Motor
		4.6 Conveyor Belt
	5 Software Requirements
		5.1 Arduino IDE
	6 Result(s)
	7 Discussion
	8 Conclusion
	9 Future Scope
	References
AI-Driven Fashion: A New Era of Personalized Virtual Fitting and Styling
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
		2.1 Context-Driven Virtual Try-On Network
		2.2 CP-VTON
	3 The Proposed System
		3.1 3D Model Algorithm
		3.2 Clothing Model
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Implementation
		4.3 Result
	5 Future Work
	6 Conclusion
	References
Efficient Brain Tumor Detection Using VGG-16 and ResNet50 Transfer Learning Models
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
		1.2 Justification
		1.3 Contribution
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 CNN with Transfer Learning
		3.2 Performance
	4 Conclusion
	References
Voice-Controlled Elevator with Solar Backup and SOS Messaging
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Tools Used
	4 Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
IOT and BLDC Motor-Based Self-cleaning System for PV Module
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed System
	3 Circuit Diagram and Description
		3.1 Working of Power Supply Unit
		3.2 Characteristics of Power Supply Unit
		3.3 The Load Regulation
		3.4 The Minimum Load Resistance
		3.5 The Source Regulation
	4 Components
		4.1 Real-Time Clock
		4.2 Working of Real-Time Clock
		4.3 PIC16F877A Microcontroller
		4.4 Working of PIC 16F877 Microcontroller
		4.5 WiFi Module
		4.6 Working of WiFi Module
		4.7 Relay
		4.8 Working of Relay
		4.9 Limit Switch
	5 Efficiency Analysis
	6 Flowchart and Algorithm Setup for Solar Module Cleaning System
	7 Conclusion
	8 Results
	9 Application
	10 Future Scope
	References
Identifying Illegal Buildings Using UAV Images and Faster R-CNN Based on Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Method
		3.1 Convolutional Neural Network
		3.2 Image Data
	4 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Snake Game with Motion Control Using Computer Vision
	1 Introduction
		1.1 OpenCV
		1.2 Detection
		1.3 Lighting Issues
		1.4 MediaPipe
		1.5 Pygame
	2 Objectives
	3 Literature Survey
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Installing PyCharm
		4.2 Importing Libraries with IDE
		4.3 Pygame Screen Construction for Snake Game with Motion Gesture
		4.4 Constructing Snake and Food Elements with Motion Gesture Controls in Pygame
		4.5 Capturing the Motion of Hand
		4.6 Scoring System of the Game
		4.7 Working of Snake Game with Motion Using OpenCV
	5 Functional Requirement
		5.1 OpenCV
		5.2 Random
		5.3 Snake Movement
		5.4 MediaPipe
	6 Implementation
		6.1 Initializing the Pygame Window and Giving Background Colors and Borders to the Window
		6.2 Setting Name and Name of Window
		6.3 Update the Window and Refresh in Pygame Time
		6.4 Setting Color for Font
		6.5 Setting Score and Display Score on Screen
		6.6 Create the Body of Snake
		6.7 Game Loop
	7 Conclusion
	8 Future Scope
		8.1 Improving Motion Gesture Accuracy
		8.2 Developing New Games
		8.3 Integrating AI
		8.4 Accessibility
	References
Classifier-Based Approach for Continuous User Authentication Using Keystroke Dynamics
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed Methodology
	4 Implementation and Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Website Phishing Detection Using Deep Learning and Genetic Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
		2.1 AI Meta-Learners and Extra Trees
		2.2 PhishSim: Aiding Phishing Website Detection Using the Feature-Free Tool
		2.3 A Deep Learning-Based Framework
		2.4 Multilayer-Stacked Ensemble Learning Model
		2.5 Multilayer-Stacked Ensemble Learning Model
		2.6 Multidimensional Features Driven by Deep Learning
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Overall Research Methodology
		3.2 Proposed Phishing Detection Models
		3.3 Algorithms
	4 Experiments and Result Analysis
		4.1 Experimental Settings
		4.2 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Correlation Analysis Between Metacognition and Computational Thinking on Software Education
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
		2.1 Metacognition
		2.2 Computational Thinking
		2.3 Prior Researches on Metacognition and Computational Thinking
	3 Analysis on Metacognition and Computational Thinking
	4 Analysis Results
		4.1 Correlation Between Metacognition and Computational Thinking
		4.2 Correlation on Components of Metacognitive and Computational Thinking
		4.3 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease with EEG Using Machine Learning Models
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Moderate Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
		1.2 Machine Learning for AD Detection
		1.3 EEG for AD Detection
		1.4 Middle Stage Prodrome
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 Pre-Processing
		3.2 Training Model
		3.3 Feature Extraction
		3.4 Epoch Value Generation
		3.5 Linear Regression
		3.6 Classification
	4 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Exploration on Breast Cancer Prediction and Recurrence Diagnosis Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Different Stages of Breast Cancer
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Neural Network Monitoring of Agricultural Plant Development Using Phytotronic Systems and Computer Vision
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Materials
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 The Design of the Modified Phytotron
		3.2 Building a Deep Neural Network for İntelligent Analysis of the State of Plants
		3.3 Discussion of the Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Survey on Sentiment Analysis in Health Care: New Opportunities and Challenges
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Use of Sentiment Analysis Techniques in Medical Domain
	4 Issues and Challenges in Sentiment Analysis in Medical Domain
	5 Future Directıon in Sentıment Analysıs in Medıcal Domaın
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Comparative Study on Brain Intracerebral Hemorrhage Classification Using Head CT Scan for Stroke Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Three-Level Access Control System for Digital Door Lock
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Step 1: Face Detection
		3.2 Step 2: Posing and Projecting Faces
		3.3 Step 3: Encoding Faces
		3.4 Step 4: Finding the Person’s Name from the Encoding
	4 Automated Door Unlocking System
	5 Results and Analysis
	6 Comparative Analysis
	7 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Deep Learning Framework for Automated Detection of Dementia Type with Severity Level
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed Work
	4 Algorithm
		4.1 Custom CNN
		4.2 Testing Results
		4.3 Accuracy of Custom CNN Model
		4.4 Accuracy of CNN Model
	5 Architecture
	6 Conclusion
	7 Future Work
	References
Ensemble of Behavioral Features for Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Behavioral Observations
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Performance Metrics
		3.2 Eye Tracking
		3.3 Hand Flapping
		3.4 ML Approaches for Questionnaire Dataset
		3.5 Combined Approach
	4 Conclusion
	References
HELFER—Automatic Load-Carrying Robot
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed Method
	4 Experimental Set-up and Results
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
A Review of Fruits Image Analysis Using Computer Vision and Deep Learning Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
		2.1 Image Classification Using CNN
		2.2 Image Classification Using Machine Learning
		2.3 Object Detection
		2.4 Object Detection Using You Only Look Once Algorithm (YOLOv4)
		2.5 Feature Extraction Process
		2.6 IoT for Smart Agriculture
	3 Common Methodology
		3.1 CNN
		3.2 Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine
	4 Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Analysis of Deep Learning-Based Image Segmentation Techniques
	1 Introduction
		1.1 What Image Segmentation
	2 Image Segmentation Architectures
		2.1 SegNet
		2.2 U-Net
		2.3 FastFCN: Fast Fully Connected Network
		2.4 Gated-SCNN
		2.5 DeepLab
		2.6 Mask R-CNN
	3 Loss Functions and Performance Metrics Used in Image Segmentation
		3.1 Focal Loss
		3.2 Dice Loss
		3.3 Intersection-Over-Union (IoU)-Balanced Loss
		3.4 Boundary Loss
		3.5 Weighted Cross-Entropy
		3.6 Lovász-Softmax Loss
	4 Image Segmentation
		4.1 MS COCO
		4.2 PASCAL VOC (PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge)
		4.3 Cityscapes
		4.4 CamVid (Cambridge-Driving Labelled Video Database)
		4.5 COCO-Stuff (Common Objects in COntext-Stuff)
	5 Frameworks that You Can Use for Your Image Segmentation Projects
	6 Conclusion
	References
Smart Economic Operation of EV Charging Station and Battery Monitoring System
	1 Introduction
	2 Existing System
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 System Architecture
		3.2 Hardware Design and Component Description
		3.3 Computational Algorithm
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Smart Charging Model
		4.2 Battery Monitoring System
		4.3 Data Logging and Monitoring with IoT
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Development of IoT-Based Smart Jacket for Farmers
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Problem Statement
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Important Components Used
		4.2 Block Diagram
		4.3 Circuit Diagram
	5 Results
	6 Future Scope
	7 Conclusion
	References
Evolution from Handcrafted to Learned Representation Methods for Vision-Based Activity Recognition
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Methodology for Vision-Based Elderly Activity Recognition
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Handcrafted Methods for Feature Representation
		4.2 Action Representation Methods Based on Deep Learning
	5 Conclusion
	References
License Plate Detection and Recognition—A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 License Plate Detection and Recognition Techniques
		2.1 High Precision Speed Measurement
		2.2 Maximum Correlation for Localization
		2.3 Modular Networks
		2.4 Condensation Algorithm
		2.5 Image Slant Correction
		2.6 Morphological Features
		2.7 Adaboost Method
		2.8 Projection Method (PM)
		2.9 Edge Statistics and Region Growing
	3 Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Source Location Privacy Protection Algorithms in IoT Networks: A Survey
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Motivation
	3 Routing Techniques for Source Location Privacy Protection
		3.1 Baseline Routing
		3.2 Probabilistic Flooding
		3.3 Phantom Routing
		3.4 Fake Source Routing
		3.5 Angle-Based Routing
		3.6 Tree-Based Routing
	4 Adversary Models in Routing Techniques for SLP
	5 Performance Analysis and Discussion
		5.1 Privacy
		5.2 Energy Consumption
		5.3 Network Lifetime
		5.4 Transmission Delay
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Forest Fire Detection and Prediction System Using Deep Learning and IOT
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 Detection Phase
		3.2 Prediction Phase
	4 Architecture
		4.1 Fire Detection Model
		4.2 Prediction Model
	5 Algorithm
		5.1 Convolutional Neural Networks Model
		5.2 Image Processing
		5.3 Feature Extraction
		5.4 Forest Fire Dataset
	6 Results
	7 Conclusion
	References
DDoS Attack Using Machine Learning: A Brief Survey
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 DDoS Attack
		3.1 Application Layer DDoS Flooding Attacks
	4 DDoS Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithms
		4.1 Artificial Neural Network
		4.2 Fuzzy Logic
		4.3 Naïve Bayes
		4.4 SVM or Support Vector Machine
		4.5 Decision Tree
	5 Performance Evaluation
		5.1 Accuracy
		5.2 Dataset
		5.3 Methodology
		5.4 FPR
	6 Conclusion
	References
Web Application for Air Quality Index Monitoring System Using ThingSpeak
	1 Introduction
	2 Air Quality Index (AQI)
		2.1 Significance of Air Quality Index (AQI)
	3 Methodology for the Proposed System
	4 Implementation for the Project Setup
		4.1 Hardware Design System
		4.2 Software Design System
	5 Project Setup for the Proposed System
	6 Results and Discussion for the Proposed System
		6.1 Hardware Values Observed in Serial Monitor
	7 Application of Air Quality Monitoring System
		7.1 Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System
		7.2 Outdoor Air Quality Monitoring System
		7.3 Roadside Pollution Monitoring
	8 Conclusion
	References
The Use of Fuzzy Information and Linguistic Model in the Virtual Reconstruction of Defensive Borders in the 17th and 18th Centuries
	1 Introduction
	2 Information Analysis of Historical Objects and Defense Structures of Russia, 17th–18th Century
	3 Development of an Information and Logical Model for Decision-Making Support on the Objects’ Structure and Their Visualization on the Example of the Karaul Guard Post and the Tambov Fortress, 17th–18th Century
	4 Creation of a Virtual Model of Cultural and Historical Heritage Objects
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Development of Automatic Waste Treatment and Disposal Unit for Hospitals Using Microcontroller
	1 Introduction
	2 Waste Handling
		2.1 General Waste Handling
		2.2 Medical Waste Handling
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 UV Lamp
		3.2 Passıve Infrared Sensors
		3.3 Web Camera
		3.4 Servo Motor
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Streamlining Heritage Tourism: A Mobile App for Booking and QR Ticketing of Heritage Sites
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Research Objective
		1.2 Research Contribution
	2 Lıterature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 System Workflow
		3.2 Technologies Used
		3.3 Functionalities of the Application
	4 Results and Dıscussıon
	5 Conclusıon
	References
Comprehensive Analysis on Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Using Intelligent Transportation System
	1 Introduction
	2 V2V Communication Development in Various Countries
		2.1 United States
		2.2 European Union
	3 Technologies Assessment
		3.1 ITS Integrated Model
		3.2 Trajectory Following
		3.3 Intersection Safety Model
		3.4 Radio Resource Management (RRM) for D2D
		3.5 GPS Navigation
	4 V2V Tools
		4.1 V2V Simulation Tools
		4.2 Packet Relay Scheme for Intelligent Transport Systems V2V Communications
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Novel Design of Ultra-wideband Microstrip Antenna for Microwave Imaging Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Roles of Optical Fiber Sensors  in the Internet of Things: Applications and Challenges
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Literature Survey
		1.2 Fundamentals of Optic Fiber Sensors
		1.3 Fiber Optic Sensor Classification
		1.4 Integration of Optical Fiber Sensing in Internet of Things
		1.5 Optical Fiber Sensors Applications in Internet of Things
	2 Challenges of Optical Fiber Sensors in Internet of Things
	3 Conclusion
	References
Author Index