Soft Computing Applications in Modern Power and Energy Systems: Select Proceedings of EPREC 2023, Volume 4 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1107)

Contents
About the Editors
Coordinated Design of Damping Controllers for Power System Stability
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description
		2.1 SMIB System
		2.2 Power System Stabilizer (PSS)
		2.3 Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)
	3 Problem Formulation
	4 Proposed Method
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 Nominal Loading (NL) Condition
		5.2 Light Loading (LL) Condition
		5.3 Heavy Loading (HL) Condition
	6 Conclusion
	References
The Effect of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations on Distribution Systems While Minimizing the Placement Cost and Maximizing Voltage Stability Index
	1 Introduction
	2 Objective Problem Formulation
		2.1 Objective Function 1
		2.2 Objective Function 2
		2.3 Constraint Used
	3 Optimization Technique Used
	4 Numerical Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
SFO Based Economic Load Dispatch with FACTS Devices for DC Link Placement Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement with FACTS Devices and Solution Process
		2.1 Representation of Decision Variables
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Summary and Future Research
	References
Selection of Batteries for Electric Vehicle Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 For Charging
		2.2 For Discharging
	3 Battery Specifications
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Issues and Solutions for Optimum Overcurrent Relays Co-Ordination in Medium Voltage Radial Distribution System
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
		2.1 Constraint Set I—Coordination Criteria
		2.2 Constraint Set II—Bounds on Relay Operating Time
		2.3 Constraint Set III—Bounds on the TMS of Relays
		2.4 Constraint Set IV—Bounds on the Plug Setting (PS) of Relays
		2.5 Constraint Set V—Relay Characteristic
	3 Distribution Network
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Powering Electric Vehicles with Solar Panels with Both the G2V and V2G Charging Modes
	1 Introduction
	2 History of Electric Vehicle Technologies
		2.1 EV’s Developing History
		2.2 Battery
		2.3 PV System
	3 EV Circuit Configuration and Design
	4 Simulation Results and Discussions
		4.1 Mode 1: Solar PV Used for Charge the EV Battery and Supply the DC Load
		4.2 Mode 2: Grid to Vehicle Mode with Solar PV
		4.3 Mode 3: Vehicle to Grid Mode with Solar PV
	5 Conclusion
	References
Ultrasonic Analysis of Lorentz Force for Gas Density Monitoring Using EMAT Sensor
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Mathematical Model
		2.2 Geometric Analysis for Designing the Sensor
		2.3 Generation of Eddy Current from Coil
		2.4 Simulation of Dynamic Characteristics of the EMAT
	3 Results
		3.1 Quantitative Analysis of the Simulated Sensor
		3.2 Parametric Analysis
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
WSN Based Energy-Efficient Protocols for Smart Grid: A State-of-Art Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Energy Efficiency
	3 Routing Protocol
	4 Literature Review
		4.1 LEACH: Low Energy Adaptive Cluster Head Protocol
		4.2 PEGASIS: Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System
		4.3 TEEN: Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol
		4.4 APTEEN: Adaptive Periodic Threshold Energy Efficient Network Protocol
		4.5 Energy Efficient Distributing Clustering
		4.6 Additional Cluster Based Protocols Network
	5 Conclusion
	References
Wireless Sensor Network for Condition Monitoring of Axel Counter Device in Railways
	1 Introduction
	2 Requirements for Remote Supervision
	3 Literature Review on Condition Monitoring
	4 Basic Working Principle of an Axel Counter
	5 Proposed Architecture Wireless Sensor Network
	6 Advantages of Proposed System
		6.1 Low Construction Cost
		6.2 Error Free Signalling Data
		6.3 Low Down Time of Train
		6.4 Low Demand of Block Period
		6.5 Energy Efficient system
		6.6 Ease of Installation and Maintenance
	7 Conclusion
	References
PID Based Optimal Neural Control of Single Wheel Robot (SWR)
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model and Simulink of SWR
	3 Designing of PID Based ANN Controller for SWR
	4 Results and Comparison
	5 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Instrument Transformer Secondary Connections on Performance of Protection System—Analysis of Field Events from Indian Power Sector
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamental Concepts and Review of Relevant IEEE Standards
		2.1 Neutral Connection and Grounding of Instrument Transformer Secondary Circuits
		2.2 Cable Selection for Instrument Transformer Connection
	3 Commissioning and Retrofitting Philosophies of Powergrid
	4 Analysis of Field Events
		4.1 Problem in VT Selection Relay Leads to Tripping of Bus Reactor
		4.2 400/220 kV 500MVA Auto Transformer Tripped on Differential Protection After Closing of Tie Circuit Breaker of HV Side
		4.3 Line Tripped on Single Line to Ground Fault but the Phase to Neutral Voltage Were not the True Representation of Single Line to Ground Fault
		4.4 Line Tripped on Operation of Over-Voltage During Planned Bus Shutdown at 765 kV Substation Due to Wiring Error.
		4.5 Line Tripped Due to Faulty CT Cable on Detection of Phase-To-Phase Fault in the Distance Relay During Phase to Ground Fault on the Transmission Line
		4.6 Auto Transformer Tripped on Operation of REF Protection Due to Damaged CT Lug
		4.7 Auto Transformer Tripped on Operation of Differential Protection Due to Incorrect CT Ratio
		4.8 Shunt Reactor Tripped on Operation of REF Protection Due to Problem in CT Wiring
		4.9 Incorrect Direction Determination by Directional Overcurrent Protection Because of Missing CVT Neutral and Leads to Tripping of Auto Transformer
		4.10 Phase-phase Fault in One of the 400 kV Line, One Out of the Two Protection Relay Declares Fuse Fail and Blocked the Distance Protection. The Problem was Due to Multiple Grounding of CVT Secondaries at Switchyard MB as well as at relay/control Panel
	5 Instrument Transformer Secondary Connection and Cvt Transients
	6 Conclusion
	References
Reducing the Burden on the Utility Grid by Implementing the Demand Response Strategy with Home Loads and Solar PV Using TLBO Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Home Load Energy Management System Model
		2.1 Home Appliances
		2.2 Solar Photo-Voltaic
	3 Problem Formulation
	4 Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) for HLEM
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Scheduling with Traditional Structure
		5.2 Scheduling with TLBO Optimization
	6 Conclusion
	References
Automatic Generation Control of Multi Area Power Systems Using BELBIC
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Modelling of LFC
	3 Concepts for Designing a Control System
	4 Research Gaps and Challenges
		4.1 Improvement of AI Optimization Techniques Over Conventional PI Controllers
	5 Proposed Control Strategy
		5.1 BELBIC Controller
	6 Simulation Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Chaotic Quasi-Oppositional Differential Search Algorithm for Transient Stability Constraint Optimal Power Flow Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 Formulation of Mathematical Problems
		2.1 Objective Function
		2.2 Transient Stability Assessment
		2.3 Constraints
	3 Differential Search Algorithm (DSA)
		3.1 Inspiration of DSA
		3.2 Modelling of DSA Mathematically
	4 Quasi-Oppositional Based Learning (Q-OBL)
		4.1 Opposite Numbers
		4.2 Opposite Pointing
		4.3 Quasi-Opposite Number and Quasi-Opposite Point
		4.4 Chaotic DSA
	5 CQODSA Steps for OPF Problem
	6 Simulation Results and Discussions
		6.1 Test System-I (WSCC 3-Machine 9-Bus System)
		6.2 Test System II (New England 10-Machine 39-Bus System)
	7 Conclusion
	References
Chaotic Quasi-Oppositional Moth Flame Optimization for Radial Distribution Network Reconfiguration with DG Allocation
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Formulation
		2.1 Intended Purpose
		2.2 Modelling of Load
		2.3 Constraints
	3 Optimization Technique
		3.1 Moth Flame Optimization
		3.2 Quasi-Oppositional Based Learning
	4 Chaotic Moth Flame
	5 CQOMFO Applied to Reconfiguration Problem Along with DG
	6 Results
		6.1 Radial Distribution Network 33-Bus Demonstration
		6.2 69-Bus Test Radial Distribution Network
	7 Conclusion
	References
Global Horizontal Irradiance Prediction Using Clustering and Artificial Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Problem Formulation
		2.2 Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
		2.3 Performance Metrics
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Data Description
		3.2 Correlation Between Parameters
		3.3 Seasonality
		3.4 Data Pre-processing
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Optimal Co-Ordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays in Distribution Network Using Whale Optimization Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Optimization Problem Formulation
		2.1 Objective Function
		2.2 Constraints
		2.3 Modified Objective Function
	3 Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)
		3.1 Prey Encircling
		3.2 Bubble-Net Attacking
		3.3 Prey Search
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Case-1: 3-Bus Test Model
		4.2 Case-2: 9-Bus Test Model
		4.3 Case-3: 30-Bus Test Model
		4.4 Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy Generation (Solar-Wind-Biomass) Using HOMER
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Load and Resource Assessment
	3 Proposed System Simulation Model
		3.1 System Configuration
		3.2 PV Module
		3.3 Wind Turbine
		3.4 Bio-Generator
		3.5 Battery
		3.6 Converter
		3.7 Grid
	4 Optimization and Economic Analysis
		4.1 Stand-Alone HRES
		4.2 Grid Connected HRES
	5 Comparative Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Review on Battery Management System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Battery Management System
		3.1 Types of Batteries in EVs
		3.2 Function of BMS
		3.3 BMS Topologies
		3.4 BMS Architecture
	4 Conclusion
	References
Photovoltaic Faults Prediction by Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Building Model
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Neural Network-Based Approach for Islanding Detection in a PV Grid-Connected System
	1 Introduction
	2 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model
	3 Voltage Phase-Jump Detection
	4 Sequence Components of Voltage and Current at PCC
	5 Proposed Islanding Detection Technique
	6 Result and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
An Investigation of Fault Detection in Electrical Distribution Systems Using Deep Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Discrete Wavelet Transform
	3 Deep Learning
		3.1 Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
		3.2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
		3.3 Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
		3.4 Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM)
		3.5 Deep Belief Networks (DBNs)
	4 System Modeling
		4.1 IEEE 33 Bus System
		4.2 Fault Detection System Development
		4.3 Results and Discussion
	5 Future Scope
	6 Conclusion
	References
Solar Radiation Prediction Using Regression Methods
	1 Introduction
	2 Regression Methods
		2.1 Multiple Linear Regression
		2.2 Random Forest Regression
		2.3 Gradient Boosting Regression
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Step of Prediction of Solar Irradiation
		3.2 Evaluate Matrix
	4 Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
Forecasting of Solar Power Generation Using Hybrid Empirical Mode Decomposition and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Description/Case Study
		2.1 Data Cleaning
		2.2 Data Normalization
		2.3 Feature Selection
	3 Framework of Hybrid EMDANFIS Forecasting Model
		3.1 Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD)
		3.2 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)
		3.3 Implementation of Hybrid EMDANFIS Network
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References