Sociology: The Core

Cover Page
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Untitled
About the Author
Contents in Brief
Table of Content
List of Boxes
Preface
Acknowledgments
CHAPTER ONE Developing a Sociological Consciousness
	The Sociological Perspective
		New Levels of Reality
		The Sociological Imagination
		Microsociology and Macrosociology
	The Development of Sociology
		Auguste Comte: The Founder of Sociology
		Harriet Martineau: Feminist and Methodologist
		Herbert Spencer: Social Darwinism
		Karl Marx: The Role of Class Conflict
		Émile Durkheim: Social Integration and Social Facts
		Max Weber: Subjectivity and Social Organization
		American Sociology
		Contemporary Sociology
	Theoretical Perspectives
		The Functionalist Perspective
		The Conflict Perspective
		The Interactionist Perspective
		Using the Three Perspectives
	Conducting Research
		The Logic of Science
		Methods of Data Collection
		Steps in the Scientific Method: A Close-Up Look
		Research Ethics
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: Developing a Sociological Consciousness
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
CHAPTER TWO Culture and Social Structure
	Components of Culture
		Norms
		Values
		Symbols and Language
	Cultural Unity and Diversity
		Cultural Universals
		Cultural Integration
		Ethnocentrism
		Cultural Relativism
		Subcultures and Countercultures
	Social Structure
		Statuses
		Roles
		Groups
		Institutions
		Societies
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: Culture and Social Structure
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
CHAPTER THREE Socialization
	Foundations for Socialization
		Nature and Nurture
		Theories of Socialization
		Agents of Socialization
		Social Communication
		Definition of the Situation
	The Self and Socialization
		Charles Horton Cooley: The Looking-Glass Self
		George Herbert Mead: The Generalized Other
		Erving Goffman: Impression Management
	Socialization Across the Life Course
		Childhood
		Adolescence
		Young Adulthood
		Middle Adulthood
		Later Adulthood
		Death
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: Socialization
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
CHAPTER FOUR Social Groups and Formal Organizations
	Group Relationships
		Primary Groups and Secondary Groups
		In-Groups and Out-Groups
		Reference Groups
	Group Dynamics
		Group Size
		Leadership
		Social Loafing
		Social Dilemmas
		Groupthink
		Conformity
	Formal Organizations
		Types of Formal Organization
		Bureaucracy: A Functional Approach to Organizations
		Characteristics of Bureaucracies
		Problems of Bureaucracy
		Conflict and Interactionist Perspectives
	The Sociology of Work
		The Significance of Work
		Changes in the Work Experience
		Satisfaction and Alienation in Work
		Humanizing Bureaucracies
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: Social Groups and Formal Organizations
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
CHAPTER FIVE Deviance and Crime
	The Nature of Deviance
		Social Properties of Deviance
		Social Control and Deviance
	Theories of Deviance
		Anomie Theory
		Cultural Transmission Theory
		Conflict Theory
		Labeling Theory
		Control Theory
	Crime and the Criminal Justice System
		Forms of Crime
		Drugs and Crime
		Race and Crime
		Women and Crime
		The Criminal Justice System
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: Deviance and Crime
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
CHAPTER SIX Social Stratification
	Patterns of Social Stratification
		Open and Closed Systems
		Dimensions of Stratification
		Social Stratification Among Societies
	The American Class System
		Is There Inequality in American Society?
		Identifying Social Classes
		The Significance of Social Class
		Poverty in the United States
	Social Mobility
		Forms of Social Mobility
		Social Mobility and Status Attainment
		What Is Happening to the American Dream?
	Explanations of Social Stratification
		The Functionalist Theory of Stratification
		The Conflict Theory of Stratification
		A Synthesis of Perspectives
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: Social Stratification
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
CHAPTER SEVEN Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity
	Racial and Ethnic Stratification
		Races
		Ethnic Groups
		Minority Groups
	Prejudice and Discrimination
		Prejudice
		Discrimination
		Institutional Discrimination
	Patterns of Intergroup Relations: Assimilation and Pluralism
		Assimilation
		Pluralism
	Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States
		Hispanics/Latinos
		African Americans
		American Indians and Alaskan Natives
		Asian Americans
		White Ethnics
	Sociological Perspectives on Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity
		The Functionalist Perspective
		The Conflict Perspective
		The Interactionist Perspective
	The Future of Ethnic and Minority Group Relations
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
CHAPTER EIGHT Gender Inequality
	Gender Stratification
		Sexism and Patriarchy
		Gender Inequality around the World
		Gender Inequality in the United States
	Sources of Gender Differences
		Gender and Biology
		Gender and Culture
		Gender Identities
	Sociological Perspectives on Gender Stratification
		The Functionalist Perspective
		The Conflict Perspective
		The Interactionist Perspective
		The Feminist Perspective
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: Gender Inequality
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
CHAPTER NINE Political and Economic Power
	Power, Authority, and the State
		The State
		Sociological Perspectives on the State
		Legitimacy and Authority
	Political Power
		Types of Government
		Political Power in the United States
		Models of Power in the United States
	Economic Power
		Comparative Economic Systems
	The Power of Corporations
		The Power of National Corporations
		The Power of Multinational Corporations in the Global Economy
		The Control of Corporations
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: Political and Economic Power
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
CHAPTER TEN The Family
	Structure of the Family: A Global View
		Forms of the Family
		Forms of Marriage
		Patterns of Courtship
	Marriage and the Family in the United States
		Marriage
		Parenthood
		Mothers in the Labor Force
		Stepfamilies
		Singlehood
		Single Parenthood
		Cohabitation
		Gay and Lesbian Couples
	Challenges for American Families and Society
		Family Violence, Child Abuse, and Incest
		Child Care
		Divorce
		The Elderly
	Sociological Perspectives on the Family
		The Functionalist Perspective
		The Conflict Perspective
		The Interactionist Perspective
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: The Family
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
CHAPTER ELEVEN Religion, Education, and Medicine
	Religion
		What Is Religion?
		A Global View: Varieties of Religious Behavior
		Religious Organizations
		Religion and Secular Change: The Protestant Ethic
		Religion in Contemporary U.S. Life
		State–Church Issues
		The Functionalist Perspective
		The Conflict Perspective
	Education
		The Bureaucratic Structure of Schools
		The Functionalist Perspective
		The Conflict Perspective
		The Interactionist Perspective
		The Effectiveness of Schools
		Alternatives to Traditional Public Schools
		The Availability of Higher Education
	Medicine
		Health Care in the United States
		Alternatives to U.S. Health Care: A Global Perspective
		U.S. Health Care Reform
		The Functionalist Perspective
		The Conflict Perspective
		The Interactionist Perspective
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: Religion, Education, and Medicine
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
CHAPTER TWELVE Population and Environment
	Population
		Elements in Population Change
		Population Composition
		Malthus and Marx: Two Views of Population Growth
		Demographic Transition
		Population Policies
	The Urban Environment
		The Origin and Evolution of Cities
		Patterns of City Growth
		Ecological Processes: Segregation and Gentrification
		New Cities, Old Cities
		The Rise of “Edge” Cities
	The Ecological Environment
		The Health of the Earth
		Sociological Perspectives on the Environment
		Sustainability
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: Population and Environment
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
CHAPTER THIRTEEN Social Change
	A World of Change
		Sources of Social Change
		Perspectives on Social Change
		Social Change in the United States
		Social Change in Developing Nations
	Collective Behavior
		Varieties of Collective Behavior
		Preconditions for Collective Behavior
		Explanations of Crowd Behavior
	Social Movements
		Causes of Social Movements
		Types of Social Movements
		Social Revolution
		Terrorism
	Looking to the Future
	What Can Sociology Do for You?
	The Chapter in Brief: Social Change
	Glossary
	Review Questions
	Internet Connection
References
Photo Credits
Name Index
Subject Index
Back Cover