Socio-economic and Eco-biological Dimensions in Resource use and Conservation: Strategies for Sustainability (Environmental Science and Engineering)

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Contents
Socio-Economic and Eco-Biological Dimensions in Resource Use and Conservation: Prologue
	References
Climate Change Impacts and Implications: An Indian Perspective
	1 Background
	2 Impacts of Climate Change
	3 Impacts on Agriculture and Agricultural Productivity
	4 Impacts on Forests and Forestry Sector
	5 Impacts on Biodiversity
	6 Impacts on Coastal Ecosystems
	7 Impacts on Human Health
	8 Socio-Economic Consequences of Climate Change
	9 Role of Geoinformation Science in Climate Change Research
	10 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptations
	11 Future Research Prospects and Recommendations
	12 Conclusion
	References
Local Socio-Economic Dynamics Shaping Forest Ecosystems in Central Himalayas
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Review of Historical Records
		3.2 Observations and Data Collection
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Forest Types in Uttarakhand Part of Central Himalayas
		4.2 Threats and Challenges to Forest Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Central Himalayas
		4.3 Increasing Population
		4.4 Biomass Dependency of Local Communities on Forests in Central Himalaya
		4.5 Addressing Threats and Challenges for Addressing Socio-Economic Drivers of Biodiversity Loss
		4.6 Way Forward
	5 Conclusions
	References
Forest Resources of Jharkhand, Eastern India: Socio-economic and Bio-ecological Perspectives
	1 Background
	2 Forests of Jharkhand
	3 Forest Resources of Jharkhand
	4 Economic Prospects of Forest Resources of Jharkhand
	5 Some Important Forest Resources Based Industries of Jharkhand
		5.1 Sericulture (Silk) Industry
		5.2 Lac Industry
		5.3 Timber Industry
		5.4 Kendu Leaves Based Industry
		5.5 Herbal and Medicine Industry
		5.6 Sal Plates Manufacturing Industry
		5.7 Bamboo Based Industries
	6 Current Policies, and Programmes to Protect Forests Biodiversity and Improve Livelihood of Tribal in Jharkhand
	7 Conclusion
	References
Traditional Agroforestry Systems of Northeast India
	1 Introduction
	2 Traditional Agroforestry Systems
	3 Economic Aspects of Traditional Agroforestry Systems
	4 Soil in Different Traditional Agroforestry Systems
	5 Traditional Management Practices
	6 Conclusion
	References
Agrobiodiversity in Northeast India: A Review of the Prospects of Agrobiodiversity Management in the Traditional Rice Fields and Homegardens of the Region
	1 Introduction
	2 Agrobiodiversity in Northeast India
	3 Agrobiodiversity Management in the Traditional Rice Fields
	4 Agrobiodiversity Management in the Traditional Rice Fields (Case Studies)
		4.1 Chailta Village in Barak Valley of Cachar District, North-East India
		4.2 Dorgakona Village in Barak Valley of Cachar District, NorthEast India
	5 Agrobiodiversity Management in the Traditional Homegardens
	6 Agrobiodiversity Management in the Traditional Homegardens (Case Studies)
		6.1 Dorgakona Village in Barak Valley of Cachar District, NorthEast India
		6.2 Rajubari Village in Barak Valley of Cachar District, NorthEast India
		6.3 Barak Valley of Assam, NorthEast India
	7 Conclusions
	References
Medicinal Plant Biodiversity in India: Harnessing Opportunities for Promoting Livelihood and Food Security
	1 Background and Context
	2 Medicinal Plant Cultivation and Economic Viability in India
		2.1 Objectives of the Study
		2.2 Methodology
	3 Definition of Medicinal Plants
	4 Institutions/Agencies Involved in Development and Promotion of Medicinal Plants in India
	5 Resource Base, Utilisation and Conservation of Medicinal Plants Across India (Demand and Supply)
	6 Conservation Efforts
	7 Constraints in the Cultivation of Medicinal Plants
	8 Harnessing Medicinal Plant Cultivation for Improved Food Security in India
		8.1 Model for Harnessing Medicinal Plants Cultivation for Improved Food Security in India
	9 Economic Potential of Medicinal Plants Contributing to Household Income
		9.1 Case Studies on the Role of Indigenous Communities in the Conservation of Medicinal Plants and Food Security
	10 Conclusion
	References
Plant Diversity and Distribution Pattern in Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Eastern Ghats, India
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Vegetation Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Species Richness and Diversity
		3.2 Species Composition
		3.3 Importance Value Index and Family Diversity
		3.4 Species-Area Curve
		3.5 Diameter Class Distribution
		3.6 Distribution Pattern
	4 Discussion
	References
Herpetofaunal Diversity and Conservation Status in Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary of Assam, India
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	References
A Preliminary Checklist of Herpetofauna Occurring in Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura, India
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Study Site
		2.2 Data Collection
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	References
Biology, Uses and Conservation of Trillium govanianum
	1 Introduction
	2 Biology
		2.1 Distribution
		2.2 Morphology and Life Cycle
		2.3 Reproduction
	3 Uses and Active Constituents
	4 Threats
		4.1 Over-Exploitation for Trade
		4.2 Habitat
		4.3 Herbivory
		4.4 Reproductive Constraints
		4.5 Climate Change
	5 Conservation
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Assessment of Different Aspects of Elephant Depredation at a Rural Society-Protected Area Interface in Northeast India Based on Public Estimation
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Data Collection and Analyses
	3 Results
		3.1 Socio-economic Condition
		3.2 Elephants of the Area in General
		3.3 Depredation
		3.4 Control Measure
	4 Discussion
	References
Exploring Synergistic Inter Linkages Among Three Ecological Issues in the Aquatic Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Species Invasion in the Aquatic Environment
		3.2 Eutrophication
		3.3 Synergistic Inter Linkage of Climate Change with the Two Problems
		3.4 Assessment of Synergistic Effect of Climate Change on Eutrophication and Species Invasion
	4 Discussion
	References
Wildlife Conservation Perspective of Fringe Villagers and Their Socio-economic Dependency: A Case Study from Borail Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodological Framework
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Data Collection
		2.3 Perception and Attitude
		2.4 Socio-economy
		2.5 Data Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Perception and Attitude
		3.2 Socio-economy
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Perception and Attitude
		4.2 Socio-economy
	5 Conclusions
	References
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Trees in Kuvempu University Campus Forest Area, Western Ghats, Karnataka
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Materials and Method
	4 Results
	5 Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Biodiversity and Conservation: India’s Panoramic View
	1 Introduction
	2 Mega Diverse Countries
	3 India’s Biodiversity Framework
		3.1 Variety of Floral and Faunal Species
		3.2 Terrestrial Ecosystems
		3.3 Aquatic Ecosystems
		3.4 Agricultural and Genetic Biodiversity
	4 Effective Management of Factors Affecting India’s Biodiversity Loss
		4.1 Hotspots
		4.2 Extinction of Species
		4.3 Climate Change
		4.4 Pollution
		4.5 Dwindling Traditional Knowledge
		4.6 Alien Invasive Species
	5 Biodiversity Conservation: India’s Legislative, Administrative and National Policies
	6 Case Studies
		6.1 Case Study 1: Promoting Biodiversity in Neighbourhood Parks in an Urban Landscape (Swamy et al. 2019)
		6.2 Case Study 2: Conservation of Medicinal Plants (Negi et al. 2018)
	7 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Weather Shock on Food Insecurity: A Study on India
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Food Insecurity in India: Extent and Variations
	4 The Model
	5 Regression Results
	6 Conclusion
	Appendix 1
	Appendix 2
	References
Statistical Modelling and Variable Selection in Climate Science
	1 Introduction
	2 Multiple Linear Regression Modelling
		2.1 Model Description
		2.2 Point Estimation of Parameters
		2.3 Confidence Interval Estimation
		2.4 Test of Hypothesis
		2.5 Coefficient of Determination (R2 ) and Adjusted R2
		2.6 Prediction of Values of Study Variable
	3 Data-Based Example
	4 Large Number of Explanatory Variables
	5 Ridge Regression Modelling
	6 LASSO Regression Modelling
		6.1 Selecting the λ Value for Ridge and LASSO
		6.2 Implementation of Ridge Regression and LASSO Using R
	7 Conclusions
	References
Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in the Gir Kesar Mango Region of Gujarat
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Data and Methodology
	2 Climate Change Impact
	3 Mango Production Scenario in the World and India
		3.1 Mango Cultivation in Gujarat
	4 Climate Change Issues Concerning Kesar Mango Cultivation and Mitigation Strategies
		4.1 Awareness About Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies by Farmers
		4.2 Climate Change Adaptation Strategies by Farmers
		4.3 Use of Technological Inputs as an Adaptation Strategy
	5 Need for Extension Services
	6 Conclusion
	References
Spatial Shift in Chickpeas in India
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Literature
	3 Research Questions
	4 Objectives of the Study
	5 Data and Methodology
		5.1 Organisation of the Study
	6 Analysis and Results
		6.1 Area, Production and Productivity of Chickpeas (All India Level)
	7 Spatial Shift in the Area Under Chickpeas Cultivation
	8 Determinants of Area and Yield of Chickpeas
	9 Reasons for Shift and Remedies
	10 Conclusions
	References
Livelihood Strategies and Agricultural Practices in Khonoma Village of Nagaland, India: Observation from a Field Visit
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Livelihood Strategies of Households
		4.2 Method of Cultivation
		4.3 Major Products Cultivated
		4.4 Awareness About Climate Change
	5 Community Initiative for Sustainability
	6 Conclusion
	References
Transitional Peri-urban Landscape and Use of Natural Resource for Livelihoods
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Study Area and Climate
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Peri-urban-Rural Interface in Indian Context
	5 Aquatic Resource and Livelihoods
	6 Forest Resources and Livelihoods
	7 Unsustainable Practices in the Landscape
	8 Conclusion
	References
Emerging Technology Intervention Model of Core Support for Inclusive Rural Growth: Social–Economic–Ecological Interface Building Through Innovative Scalable Solutions and Effective Delivery Mechanism
	1 Introduction
	2 Innovative Technology Solutions and Delivery: Case Studies on Rural Growth and Enterprise Creation
		2.1 Food Processing Technology
		2.2 Waste to Wealth Technology
		2.3 Clean Energy Access for Domestic Use and Micro-enterprise Creation
	3 Discussion: Success Factors and Drivers of Change for Technology Customization, Delivery and Scaling Up
		3.1 Technology Growth Model of Core Support with Local Institutional Arrangements
		3.2 Strategizing Innovative Systems and Technology Deployment
		3.3 Innovations for Social Enterprises
		3.4 Promoting and Scaling of Start-Ups: Challenges
	4 Conclusions: Technology led Scalable Solutions and Services for Rural Growth
	5 Way Forward: Policy Interventions for Effective Technology Facilitation at Bottom of the Pyramid
	References
Role of Major Forest Biomes in Climate Change Mitigation: An Eco-Biological Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Eco-Biological Impacts of Climate Change
		2.1 Loss of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
		2.2 Range Shifts
		2.3 Changes in Phenology
		2.4 Drought and Forest Fires
		2.5 Disease Outbreaks
		2.6 Impacts on Agriculture
		2.7 Extreme Weather Events
	3 Other Exacerbatory Factors
		3.1 Deforestation
		3.2 Habitat Fragmentation
		3.3 Land-Use Change
		3.4 Biological Invasion
	4 Socio-economic Aspects: A Cross-Link
	5 Role of Forests in Climate Change Mitigation
	6 Carbon Sequestration
	7 Carbon Storage and Climate Change Response of Major Forest Biomes
		7.1 Tropical Forests
		7.2 Temperate Forests
		7.3 Boreal Forests
	8 Climate Change Mitigation: Steps Taken so Far
	9 Climate Change and Its Mitigation: Indian Scenario
	10 Climate Change Mitigation: The Way Forward
	11 Conclusion
	References
Climate Change Impact on Eco-biology and Socio-economy—A Concise Discussion
	1 Climate Change—A Myth, Hype or a Reality?
	2 Climate Change and Air Quality
	3 Recent Incidents Due to Climate Change and Their Effect
	4 Eco-biological Effects of Climate Change
		4.1 Effect and Consequences of Climate Change on Ecosystem and on Biodiversity
	5 Climate Migration and Socio-economic Effect
	6 Conclusion
	References
Socio-economic and Eco-biological Dimensions in Resource Use and Conservation: Epilogue
	References