Social Psychology Seventh Canadian Edition

Cover
Title
Copyright
Brief Contents
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Introducing Social Psychology
	What Is Social Psychology?
		How Much of Our Social World Is Just in Our Heads?
		If You Were Ordered to Be Cruel, Would You Comply?
		Would You Help Others? Or Help Yourself?
	What Are the Major Themes of Social Psychology?
		We Construct Our Social Reality
		Our Social Intuitions Are Often Powerful but Sometimes Perilous
		Social Influences Shape Our Behaviour
		Personal Attitudes and Dispositions Also Shape Behaviour
		Social Behaviour Is Biologically Rooted
		Relating to Others Is a Basic Need
		Social Psychology's Principles Are Applicable in Everyday Life
	How Do Values Affect Social Psychology?
		Obvious Ways in Which Values Enter Social Psychology
		Not-So-Obvious Ways in Which Values Enter Social Psychology
	Is Social Psychology Merely Common Sense?
	Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
		Forming and Testing Hypotheses
		Correlational Research: Detecting Natural Associations
		Experimental Research: Searching for Cause and Effect
		Generalizing from Laboratory to Life
	Summing Up
PART ONE: Social Thinking
	Chapter 2 The Self in a Social World
		Spotlights and Illusions: What Do They Teach Us About Ourselves?
		Self-Concept: Who Am I?
			At the Centre of Our Worlds: Our Sense of Self
			Social Comparisons
			Self and Culture
			Self-Knowledge
		What Is the Nature and Motivating Power of Self-Esteem?
			Self-Esteem Motivation
			The Trade-off of Low vs. High Self-Esteem
			Self-Efficacy
		What Is Self-Serving Bias?
			Explaining Positive and Negative Events
			Can We All Be Better Than Average?
			Unrealistic Optimism
			False Consensus and Uniqueness
			Temporal Comparison
			Explaining Self-Serving Bias
		How Do People Manage Their Self-Presentation?
			Self-Handicapping
			Impression Management
		What Does It Mean to Have Perceived Self-Control?
			Learned Helplessness versus Self-Determination
		Summing Up
	Chapter 3 Social Beliefs and Judgments
		How Do We Judge Our Social Worlds, Consciously and Unconsciously?
			Priming
			Intuitive Judgments
			Overconfidence
			Heuristics: Mental Shortcuts
			Counterfactual Thinking
			Illusory Thinking
			Mood and Judgment
		How Do We Perceive Our Social Worlds?
			Perceiving and Interpreting Events
			Belief Perseverance
			Constructing Memories of Ourselves and Our Worlds
		How Do We Explain Our Social Worlds?
			Attributing Causality: To the Person or the Situation?
			The Fundamental Attribution Error
			Why Do We Make the Attribution Error?
			Why Do We Study Attribution Errors?
		How Do Our Social Beliefs Matter?
			Teacher Expectations and Student Performance
			Getting from Others What We Expect
		What Can We Conclude from Research on Social Beliefs and Judgments?
		Summing Up
	Chapter 4 Behaviour and Attitudes
		How Well Do Our Attitudes Predict Our Behaviours?
			Are We All Hypocrites?
			When Attitudes Predict Behaviour
		When Does Our Behaviour Affect Our Attitudes?
			Role-Playing
			When Saying Becomes Believing
			The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
			Low-Ball Technique
			Door-in-the-Face Technique
			Immoral and Moral Acts
			Social Movements
		Why Does Our Behaviour Affect Our Attitudes?
			Self-Presentation: Impression Management
			Self-Justification: Cognitive Dissonance
			Self-Perception
			Comparing the Theories
		Summing Up
PART TWO: Social Influence
	Chapter 5 Persuasion
		What Paths Lead to Persuasion?
			The Central Route and the Peripheral Route
			Different Routes for Different Purposes
		What Are the Elements of Persuasion?
			Who Says? The Communicator
			What Is Said? The Message Content
			How Is It Said? The Channel of Communication
			To Whom Is It Said? The Audience
		Extreme Persuasion: How Do Cults Indoctrinate?
			Group Indoctrination Tactics
			Attitudes Follow Behaviour
			Persuasive Elements
			Group Effects
		How Can Persuasion Be Resisted?
			Attitude Strength
			Information-Processing Biases
			Reactance
			Strengthening Personal Commitment
			Inoculation Programs
			Implications of Attitude Inoculation
		Summing Up
	Chapter 6 Conformity
		What Is Conformity?
		What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?
			Sherif's Studies of Norm Formation
			Asch's Studies of Group Pressure
			Milgram's Obedience Studies
			What Breeds Obedience?
			Reflections on the Classic Studies
		What Predicts Conformity?
			Group Size
			Unanimity
			Cohesion
			Status
			Public Response
			No Prior Commitment
		Why Conform?
		Who Conforms?
			Personality
			Culture
			Gender
			Social Roles
		Do We Ever Want To Be Different?
			Reactance
			Asserting Uniqueness
		Summing Up
	Chapter 7 Group Influence
		What Is a Group?
		Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
			The Mere Presence of Others
			Crowding: The Presence of Many Others
			Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?
		Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
			Many Hands Make Light Work
			Social Loafing in Everyday Life
		Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
			Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone
			Diminished Self-Awareness
		Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
			The Case of the "Risky Shift"
			Impact of Group Discussion on Individuals' Opinions
			Explaining Polarization
		Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?
			Symptoms of Groupthink
			Critiquing Groupthink
			Preventing Groupthink
			Group Problem-Solving
		Leadership: How Do Leaders Shape the Group's Actions?
			Task Leadership and Social Leadership
			Transactional Leadership
			Transformational Leadership
		The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?
			Consistency
			Self-Confidence
			Defections from the Majority
		Summing Up
PART THREE: Social Relations
	Chapter 8 Altruism: Helping Others
		Why Do We Help?
			Social Exchange
			Social Norms
			Evolutionary Psychology
			Comparing and Evaluating Theories of Altruism
		When Will We Help?
			Number of Bystanders
			Helping When Someone Else Does
			Time Pressures
			Similarity to the Victim
		Who Helps?
			Personality Traits
			Gender
		How Can We Increase Helping?
			Reduce Ambiguity, Increase Responsibility
			Guilt and Concern for Self-Image
			Socializing Prosocial Behaviour
			Postscript: The Kitty Genovese Case Revisited
			What To Do When You Need Help
			Conclusions
		Summing Up
	Chapter 9 Aggression: Hurting Others
		What Is Aggression?
		What Are Some Theories of Aggression?
			Aggression as a Biological Phenomenon
			Aggression as a Response to Frustration
			Aggression as Learned Social Behaviour
		What Are Some Influences on Aggression?
			Aversive Incidents
			Arousal
			Aggression Cues
			Media Influences: Pornography and Sexual Violence
			Media Influences: Television and the Internet
			Another Media Influence: Video Games
			Group Influences
		How Can Aggression Be Reduced?
			Catharsis?
			A Social Learning Approach
			Culture Change and World Violence
		Summing Up
	Chapter 10 Attraction and Intimacy: Liking and Loving Others
		What Leads to Friendship and Attraction?
			Proximity
			Physical Attractiveness
			Similarity versus Complementarity
			Liking Those Who Like Us
			Relationship Rewards
		What Is Love?
			Passionate Love
			Companionate Love
		What Enables Close Relationships?
			Attachment
			Equity
			Self-Disclosure
		How Do Relationships End?
			Divorce
			The Detachment Process
		Summing Up
	Chapter 11 Sources of Prejudice
		What Is Prejudice?
			Defining Prejudice
			Prejudice: Implicit and Explicit
		What Are the Social Sources of Prejudice?
			Social Inequalities: Justifying the Status Quo
			Socialization
			Institutional Supports
		What Are the Motivational Sources of Prejudice?
			Frustration and Aggression: The Scapegoat Theory
			Social Identity Theory: Feeling Superior to Others
			Motivation to Avoid Prejudice
		What Are the Cognitive Sources of Prejudice?
			Categorization: Classifying People into Groups
			Distinctiveness: Perceiving People Who Stand Out
			Attributions: Is It a Just World?
			Motivation to See the World as Just
		Summing Up
	Chapter 12 Consequences of Prejudice
		What Are the Consequences of Racial and Gender-Based Prejudice?
			Racial Prejudice
			Gender-Based Prejudice
		Can Prejudice Create Its Own Reality?
			Self-Perpetuating Prejudgments
			Discrimination's Impact: The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
			Stereotype Threat
			Do Stereotypes Bias Judgments of Individuals?
		How Do People React to Facing Prejudice and Stereotyping?
			Perception of Discrimination
		Can We Overcome Prejudice?
			Through Contact
			Through Cooperation
			By Reconciling Group and Superordinate Identities
		Summing Up
MODULES: Social Psychology Applied
	Module A: Social Psychology in Conflict and Peacemaking
		What Creates Conflict?
			Social Dilemmas
			Perceived Injustice
			Misperception
		How Can Peace Be Achieved?
			Bargaining
			Mediation
			Arbitration
			Conciliation
		Summing Up
	Module B: Social Psychology in the Clinic
		What Influences the Accuracy of Clinical Judgments?
			Illusory Correlations
			Hindsight and Overconfidence
			Self-Confirming Diagnoses
			Clinical Intuition Versus Statistical Prediction
			Implications for Better Clinical Practice
		What Cognitive Processes Accompany Behaviour Problems?
			Depression
			Anxiety and Shyness
		What Is Health Psychology and the Psychology of Illness?
			Reactions to Illness
			Emotions and Illness
		How Do Social Relationships Support Health and Well-Being?
			Close Relationships and Health
			Close Relationships and Happiness
		Summing Up
	Module C: Social Psychology in Court
		How Reliable Is Eyewitness Testimony?
			How Persuasive Is Eyewitness Testimony?
			When Eyes Deceive
			The Misinformation Effect
			Retelling
			Reducing Error
		What Influences a Jury?
			Physical Attractiveness of the Defendant
			The Judge's Instructions
			The Story of the Trial
			Statistical Information
			Increasing Jurors' Understanding
			Group Influences in Juries
			From Lab to Life: Simulated and Real Juries
		Summing Up
	Module D: Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future
		How Can Humanity Create a Sustainable Future?
			Psychology and Climate Change
			New Technologies
			Reducing Consumption
		Does Money Buy Happiness?
			Increased Materialism
			Wealth and Well-Being
			Materialism Fails to Satisfy
			Toward Sustainability and Survival
		Summing Up
Glossary
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References
Name Index
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Subject Index
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