Social Institutions and Gender Index Sigi 2019: Global Report Transforming Challenges Into Opportunities

Preface
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and acronyms
Executive summary
	Greater gender equality in laws and social norms represents an opportunity for governments to achieve Agenda 2030
	Building on the momentum for greater gender equality, progress has been made since the last edition of the SIGI
	Yet, improvements are too slow, due to legal discriminations, loopholes and inadequacies, weak implementation of laws, and discriminatory customary laws and social norms
	Social norms can be double-edged swords for women: they can act as either barriers or agents of change
	The most difficult area of change is the family
	While some discriminatory social institutions are region-specific, others are universal
	The SIGI’s theory of change calls for an adaptive, whole-society approach to advancing gender equality
	Notes
Key policy recommendations
	Start with legal reforms and transformative-gender policies
	Enforce laws through community mobilisation and empowerment
	Learn about the efficiency of policies and programmes through a continuous accountability and monitoring process
	Notes
	References
Introduction
	References
Chapter 1.  SIGI 2019 results
	SIGI’s overview
	Global progress and challenges by SIGI’s dimensions
	About the SIGI
	Notes
	References
Chapter 2.  The complexity of discriminatory social institutions for sustainable and inclusive growth
	The economic cost of discriminatory social institutions
	Gender social-protection gaps: An illustration of discriminatory social institutions
	Intersectional discrimination
		Migrant women
		Rural women
	Digitalisation: A double-edged sword for women’s empowerment
	References
Chapter 3.  Discrimination in the family
	Key messages
		How can governments effectively tackle discriminatory social institutions governing the family sphere?
	Child marriage
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Household responsibilities
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Divorce
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Inheritance
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Notes
	References
Chapter 4.  Restricted physical integrity
	Key messages
		How can governments effectively tackle discriminatory social institutions restricting women’s physical integrity?
	Violence against women
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Female genital mutilation
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Missing women
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Reproductive autonomy
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Notes
	References
Chapter 5.  Restricted access to productive and financial resources
	Key messages
		How can governments effectively tackle discriminatory social institutions restricting women’s access to productive and financial resources?
	Secure access to land assets
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Secure access to non-land assets
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Secure access to formal financial services
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Workplace rights
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Notes
	References
Chapter 6.  Restricted civil liberties
	Key messages
		How can governments effectively tackle discriminatory social institutions restricting women’s civil liberties?
	Citizenship rights
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Political voice
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Freedom of movement
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Access to justice
		Key messages
		Key policy recommendations
		Results
	Notes
	References
		Annex A. Countries/territories’ SIGI 2019 scores
Annex A. Countries/territories’ SIGI 2019 scores
	Notes
Annex B. Methodology
	Step 1. Building the Gender, Institutions and Development Database
		Truncating quantitative data at the equality benchmark and inverting the scale.
		Assigning a score to qualitative variables
	Step 2: Constructing indicators
	Step 3: Aggregating indicators to build the sub-indices
	Step 4: Computing the SIGI
	Definition of variables
	Notes
	Questions used to calculate the SIGI scores
		Annex C. Glossary
		Annex D. SIGI regional overviews
Annex C. Glossary
Annex D. SIGI regional overviews
	Africa
		Main progress
		Main legal loopholes
	Eastern Africa
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Middle Africa
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Northern Africa
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Southern Africa
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Western Africa
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	The Americas
		Main progress in the Americas
		Main legal loopholes in the Americas
	The Caribbean
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Central America
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Northern America
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	South America
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Asia
		Main progress
		Main legal loopholes
	Central Asia
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Eastern Asia
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	The Pacific
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	South-Eastern Asia
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Southern Asia
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Western Asia
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Europe
		Main progress
		Main legal loopholes
	Eastern Europe
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Northern Europe
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Southern Europe
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Western Europe
		Key progress
		Key challenges
	Notes
	References