Social Factors in the Latinization of the Roman West (Oxford Studies in Ancient Documents)

Cover
Social Factors in the Latinization of the Roman West
Copyright
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Figures
Abbreviations
1: Social Dimensions of Latinization
	1 Divine Latinization
	2 Social Dimensions and Challenging Assumptions
	3 Voices of the Provinces
	4 Policy Distraction
	5 Complexity of Factors and Issues of Evidence: The Army
	6 The Future of Latinization
2: Latinization, Citizenship, and the Epigraphic Habit
	1 Latinization, Local Languages, and Epigraphic Cultures in the Western Mediterranean
		1.1 The Sources for the Linguistic Change: The Local Languages
		1.2 Inscriptions and Epigraphic Cultures
		1.3 West and East
		1.4 Latin, the Language of Power and Culture
	2 Western Roman Epigraphic Culture and the Latin Language
	3 Epigraphic Culture, Latinization, and Roman Citizenship
	4 A View from the Iberian Peninsula
	5 Concluding Remarks
3: Cities, Epigraphies, and Latinization: A Sociolinguistic View on the Hispaniae
	1 Introduction
	2 Sociolinguistic Models
	3 Latinization on the Iberian Peninsula
	4 First Linguistic Contacts: Trade, Settlement, and Conquest
	5 The Spread of Cities: Colonization and Latinization
	6 Latinization beyond the coloniae
	7 Urban and Epigraphic Boom: Latin and Status
	8 Contact-Induced Social Stratification: The Local Elites and the Wider Community
	9 Conclusions
4: Latin, Literacy, and the Roman Economy
	1 Introduction
	2 Slavery
	3 Traders, Translation, and Transaction Costs
		3.1 Interpreters
	4 Mobile Craftsmen
		4.1 Miners
		4.2 Potters
	5 Education and Literacy
	6 Conclusion
5: The Role of the Non-Elitein Spreading Latin in Roman Britain
	1 Introduction
	2 Latin in Pre-Roman Late Iron Age Britain
	3 Social Factors in the Spread of Latin in Londinium
		3.1 Society in Early Londinium
		3.2 The Spread of Latin Writing in Londinium
		3.3 The Spread of Writing Materials in Londinium
	4 Conclusions
6: Mobility, Roads, and Milestones: Aspects of the Use of Latin in the Roman Empire
	1 Setting the Scene: A Sanctuary at the Edge of the North Sea
	2 Some Considerations on Context and Methods
	3 The Significance of the Traffic Infrastructure and Mobility (a Short Overview)
	4 Road Inscriptions and Milestones
	5 The Celtic leuga
	6 Concluding Thoughts
7: Learning Latin in the Roman Army
	1 Introduction
	2 Numbers
	3 Documents Written in Latin
	4 Who Needed to Know Latin?
	5 Students and Teachers of Latin in the Army
	6 Was the Roman Army a Major Vector of Linguistic Change?
8: The Role of Education in the Latinization of the Roman West
	1 Introduction
	2 The Role of the State
	3 Provincial Education
	4 Pupils and the Level of Education
	5 Conclusion
9: Law and Latinization in Rome’s Western Provinces
	1 Law: Latin and the Roman Law as Markers of Power and Exclusivity
	2 Justice: The Possibility of Roman Adjudication
	3 Help: Magical Tablets and Latinization
	4 Conclusion
10: Religion, Language Maintenance, and Language Shift: Dedications, Cult Places, and Latinization in Roman Gaul
	1 Introduction
	2 Religion and Latinization in Narbonensis: The Epigraphic Record of Pre-Augustan Tolosa and the Earliest Temple with Central Plan in Gaul
	3 Aspects of Religion and Latinization in Gallia Comata: The Persistence of Gaulish in the Epigraphy of Alesia
	4 The Pillar of the nautae: Interweaving or Juxtaposition of Language and Religion?
	5 Domains for the Persistence of Gaulish?
	6 Final Thoughts
11: Christianization and Latinization
	1 Introduction
	2 From Greek to Latin
	3 A Missionary Design?
	4 A Return to Greek?
	5 Christianization, Latin, and Vernacular Languages in the Roman Empire
	6 A View from the East
	7 Routes for Latinization in Christian Contexts
	8 Christianization, Latin, and Vernacular Languages in Successor Kingdoms
	9 Conclusions
12: The Attitude of the Roman Emperors towards Language Practices
	1 Introduction
	2 The First Julio-Claudian emperors
		2.1 Augustan Beginnings
		2.2 After Augustus
	3 From the Julio-Claudians until Constantine the Great
	4 From Constantine’s Death to Justinian’s Reign
	5 Conclusion
13: Social Factors in Latinization: Perspectives and Future Challenges
	1 Social Factors Addressed
	2 Micro-Worldsand Multiple Roles
	3 Latin, not ‘Roman’ as a Language
References
Index
Index Locorum
Epigraphic and Papyrological Sources