Smartphones as Mobile Minilabs in Physics. Edited Volume Featuring more than 70 Examples from 10 Years The Physics Teacher-column iPhysicsLabs

Foreword
Contents
Part I: Introduction
	1: Smartphones and Tablet PCs: Excellent Digital Swiss Pocket Knives for Physics Education
		1.1 Mobile Mini-Labs for Teaching and Learning
		1.2 Good Reasons for Learning with Mobile Mini-Labs
		1.3 Summary
		References
Part II: Kinematics and Dynamics
	2: Determining Ball Velocities with Smartphones
		2.1 Theoretical Background and Execution of the Experiment
		2.2 Experiment Analysis
		References
	3: An Experiment of Relative Velocity in a Train Using a Smartphone
		3.1 Methods
		3.2 Results and Conclusion
		References
	4: LED Gates for Measuring Kinematic Parameters Using the Ambient Light Sensor of a Smartphone
		4.1 Theoretical Background and Experimental Setup
		4.2 Experimental Analysis
		References
	5: Locating a Smartphone´s Accelerometer
		5.1 Using a Record Turntable to Determine Accelerometer Location
		5.2 Random and Systematic Errors
		5.3 Conclusions
		References
	6: Analyzing Free Fall with a Smartphone Acceleration Sensor
		6.1 Mode of Operation of Acceleration Sensors in Smartphones
		6.2 Study of Free Fall by a Smartphone
		References
	7: Going Nuts: Measuring Free-Fall Acceleration by Analyzing the Sound of Falling Metal Pieces
		7.1 Theorem II, Proposition II
		7.2 The Experiment
		7.3 Evaluating the Sound File
		References
	8: The Atwood Machine Revisited Using Smartphones
		8.1 Theory
		8.2 The Experiment
		8.3 Analysis and Conclusion
		References
	9: Study of a Variable Mass Atwood´s Machine Using a Smartphone
		9.1 Theory
		9.2 The Experiment
			Assembling
			Experimental Procedure
		9.3 Conclusion
		References
Part III: Momentum and Collision
	10: Analyzing Collision Processes with the Smartphone Acceleration Sensor
		10.1 Theoretical Background and Execution of the Experiment
		10.2 Experiment Analysis
		References
	11: The Dynamics of the Magnetic Linear Accelerator Examined by Video Motion Analysis
		11.1 Theoretical Background
		11.2 Experimental Setup
		11.3 Experimental Results
		References
	12: Acoustic Measurements of Bouncing Balls and the Determination of Gravitational Acceleration
		12.1 Acoustic Data Measurement
		12.2 Determination of the Acceleration of Gravity
		References
	13: Studying 3D Collisions with Smartphones
		13.1 The Projectile Motion
		13.2 The Conservation of Momentum
		References
Part IV: Rotation
	14: Measuring Average Angular Velocity with a Smartphone Magnetic Field Sensor
		14.1 Theory
		14.2 Experiment
		14.3 Results
		14.4 Conclusions
		References
	15: Visualizing Acceleration with AccelVisu2
		15.1 Theoretical Background
		15.2 The App AccelVisu2
		15.3 Ideas for Experiments
		References
	16: Analyzing Radial Acceleration with a Smartphone Acceleration Sensor
		16.1 Radial Acceleration in the Physics Laboratory
		16.2 Centripetal Acceleration of a Merry-Go-Round
		References
	17: Detect Earth´s Rotation Using Your Smartphone
		17.1 Theoretical Background
		17.2 Description of the Experiment
		17.3 Results
		17.4 Conclusion
		References
	18: Angular Velocity and Centripetal Acceleration Relationship
		18.1 Experimental Setup
		18.2 Rotatory Motion
		18.3 Conclusion
		References
	19: Determination of the Radius of Curves and Roundabouts with a Smartphone
		19.1 Determination of a Curve Radius Using the Acceleration Sensors
		19.2 Determination of the Radius of a Roundabout Using the Acceleration Sensor in Combination with the Gyroscope Sensor
		References
	20: Understanding Coffee Spills Using a Smartphone
		20.1 The Physics of the SpillNot
		20.2 Experimental Results
		20.3 Final Remarks
		References
	21: Tilting Motion and the Moment of Inertia of the Smartphone
		21.1 Theoretical Background
		21.2 The Experiment
		References
	22: Angular Momentum
		22.1 Experimental Procedure
		22.2 Experimental Data
		22.3 Experiment Meets Theory
		22.4 Is the Rotational Kinetic Energy Conserved?
		22.5 Conclusion
		References
	23: Angular Velocity Direct Measurement and Moment of Inertia Calculation of a Rigid Body Using a Smartphone
		23.1 Experimental Setup
		23.2 Measurements
		References
Part V: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
	24: Surface Tension Measurements with a Smartphone
		24.1 Background
		24.2 Experiment
		24.3 Results
		24.4 Conclusion
		References
	25: Exploring the Atmosphere Using Smartphones
		25.1 The International Standard Atmosphere
		25.2 The Experiment
		25.3 Results
		25.4 Conclusion
		References
	26: On the Inflation of a Rubber Balloon
		26.1 Theoretical Background
		26.2 The Experiment
		26.3 Comments
		References
	27: Video Analysis on Tablet Computers to Investigate Effects of Air Resistance
		27.1 Theoretical Background
		27.2 Experimental Setup
		27.3 Experimental Results
			Determination of Terminal Velocity
			Determination of the Drag Coefficient
		27.4 Conclusions
		References
	28: Determination of the Drag Resistance Coefficients of Different Vehicles
		28.1 Theoretical Background
		28.2 Execution of the Experiment
		28.3 Evaluation of Acceleration Data
		References
Part VI: Pendulums
	29: Analyzing Simple Pendulum Phenomena with a Smartphone Acceleration Sensor
		29.1 Investigation of the Mathematical Pendulum Using a Smartphone
		References
	30: Measurement of g Using a Magnetic Pendulum and a Smartphone Magnetometer
		30.1 Theoretical Background
		30.2 The Experiment
		30.3 Summary
		References
	31: Determination of Gravity Acceleration with Smartphone Ambient Light Sensor
		31.1 Theoretical Background
		31.2 The Proposal
		31.3 Processing and Analysis of Results
		31.4 Conclusions
		References
	32: Analyzing Spring Pendulum Phenomena with a Smartphone Acceleration Sensor
		32.1 The Spring Pendulum
		32.2 Coupled Pendulum
		References
	33: Using the Smartphone as Oscillation Balance
		33.1 Theoretical Background
		33.2 The Experiment
		References
	34: Measuring a Spring Constant with a Smartphone Magnetic Field Sensor
		34.1 Theoretical Background
		34.2 Experiment
		34.3 Results
		34.4 Conclusions
		References
	35: Analyzing Elevator Oscillation with the Smartphone Acceleration Sensors
		35.1 Theoretical Background and Execution of the Experiment
		35.2 Experiment Analysis
		References
	36: Coupled Pendulums on a Clothesline
		36.1 Theoretical Background
		36.2 Experimental Setup
		36.3 Discussion
		References
	37: Superposition of Oscillation on the Metapendulum: Visualization of Energy Conservation with the Smartphone
		37.1 Theoretical Background
		37.2 Analysis
		References
	38: Demonstration of the Parallel Axis Theorem Through a Smartphone
		38.1 Experiment
		38.2 Analysis and Discussion
		References
	39: Rotational Energy in a Physical Pendulum
		39.1 Experimental Setup
		39.2 Analysis of the Motion
		39.3 Final Remarks
		References
Part VII: Acoustical Logging and the Speed of Sound
	40: Determining the Speed of Sound with Stereo Headphones
		40.1 Determining the Speed of Sound with a Sound Card and a PC
		40.2 Low-Cost Alternative Using Headphones
		References
	41: Stationary Waves in Tubes and the Speed of Sound
		References
	42: Tunnel Pressure Waves: A Smartphone Inquiry on Rail Travel
		42.1 Model
		42.2 Experiment
		References
	43: Smartphone-Aided Measurements of the Speed of Sound in Different Gaseous Mixtures
		43.1 Measurement of the Speed of Sound Wave in Different Gases
		43.2 Experiment Setup
		43.3 The Measurements
		43.4 Conclusions
		References
Part VIII: Resonators
	44: Measurement of Sound Velocity Made Easy Using Harmonic Resonant Frequencies with Everyday Mobile Technology
		44.1 Theoretical Background and Execution of the Experiments
			Standing Waves and End Correction in a Tube
			Materials and Methods for Determining the Fundamental Frequency
		44.2 Experiment Analysis
			Resonant Frequencies and Determining the Speed of Sound with the Tube Open at Both Ends
			Resonant Frequencies and Determining Speed of Sound with Tube Open at One End
		References
	45: Corkscrewing and Speed of Sound: A Surprisingly Simple Experiment
		45.1 Determining the Speed of Sound: A Five-Second Smartphone Experiment
		45.2 The Experiment for Use in Physics Classroom
		References
	46: A Bottle of Tea as a Universal Helmholtz Resonator
		46.1 Helmholtz Resonator
		46.2 A Smartphone-Based Experiment in Acoustics
		46.3 Results and Analysis
		46.4 Note About the End Correction
		References
	47: Measuring the Acoustic Response of Helmholtz Resonators
		47.1 Execution of the Experiment
		47.2 Theoretical Background and Experiment Analysis
		References
Part IX: Other Acoustic Phenomena
	48: Analyzing Acoustic Phenomena with a Smartphone Microphone
		48.1 Capture and Analysis of Different Types of Sound Waves
		48.2 Analysis of a Tone
		48.3 Analysis of a Sound
		48.4 Analysis of Noise and Impulse
		48.5 Further Information
		References
	49: Analyzing the Acoustic Beat with Mobile Devices
		49.1 Theoretical Background and Execution of the Experiment
		49.2 Experiment Analysis
		References
	50: Cracking Knuckles: A Smartphone Inquiry on Bioacoustics
		50.1 Background
		50.2 Experiment
		50.3 Comments
		References
	51: Shepard Scale Produced and Analyzed with Mobile Devices
		51.1 Theoretical Background
		51.2 Experimental Setup
		51.3 Results
		51.4 Discussion
		References
	52: The Sound of Church Bells: Tracking Down the Secret of a Traditional Arts and Crafts Trade
		52.1 Vibration Modes of Church Bells
		52.2 Frequency-Radius Relationship
		52.3 Mass-Radius Relationship
		52.4 Result of a Sample Measurement
		References
Part X: Temperature and Heat
	53: Augmenting the Thermal Flux Experiment: A Mixed Reality Approach with the HoloLens
		53.1 Theoretical Background
		53.2 Experimental Design
		53.3 Experimental Results
		53.4 Conclusion
		References
	54: Smartphones: Experiments with an External Thermistor Circuit
		54.1 Other measurements
		References
	55: Studying Cooling Curves with a Smartphone
		55.1 Newton´s Law of Cooling
		55.2 Linear Dependence on M/S Quotient
		References
Part XI: Electricity and Magnetism
	56: Real-time Visualization of Electrical Circuit Schematics: An Augmented Reality Experiment Setup to Foster Representational...
		56.1 Theoretical Background
		56.2 Experiment Setup
		56.3 Experiment Procedure
		56.4 Outlook on Further Developments
		References
	57: Augmenting Kirchhoff´s Laws: Using Augmented Reality and Smartglasses to Enhance Conceptual Electrical Experiments for Hig...
		57.1 Theoretical Background
		57.2 Experiment Setup and Procedure
		57.3 Results and Outlook
		References
	58: Smartphones as Portable Oscilloscopes for Physics Labs
		References
	59: The Flashing Light Bulb: A Quantitative Introduction to the Theory of Alternating Current
		59.1 Why Alternating Voltage and Determination of the Power Line Frequency?
		59.2 Procedure
		59.3 Analysis and Results
		59.4 Summary
		References
	60: Observation of the Magnetic Field using a Smartphone
		60.1 Magnetic Field of a Circular Electric Current
		60.2 Results
		Reference
	61: Magnetic Fields Produced by Electric Railways
		61.1 Electromagnetic Fields
		61.2 The Experiment
		61.3 The Comparison
		61.4 Systematic Effects
		61.5 Conclusion
		References
	62: Magnetic Field `Flyby´ Measurement Using a Smartphone´s Magnetometer and Accelerometer Simultaneously
		62.1 Simultaneous Use of Several Smartphone Sensors
		62.2 Experiment
		62.3 Results and Analysis
		References
	63: Making the Invisible Visible: Visualization of the Connection Between Magnetic Field, Electric Current, and Lorentz Force ...
		63.1 Theoretical Background
		63.2 Experimental Setup and Procedure
		63.3 Results and Outlook
		References
	64: Augmenting the Fine Beam Tube: From Hybrid Measurements to Magnetic Field Visualization
		64.1 Theoretical Background
		64.2 Experimental Setup
		64.3 Experimental Results
		64.4 Conclusion
		References
Part XII: Optical Phenomena
	65: Learning the Lens Equation Using Water and Smartphones/Tablets
		65.1 Laboratory Experiment
		65.2 Analysis and Results
			Estimation of the Radius of Curvature of Water Lenses
			Determination of the Magnification of Water Lenses
			Verification of the Lens Equation
		65.3 Conclusions
		References
	66: Color Reproduction with a Smartphone
		66.1 Color Vision
		66.2 Additive Color Mixing
		66.3 Analyzing Colors of RGB Displays
		66.4 Two Kinds of Yellow
		Reference
	67: Diffraction Experiments with Infrared Remote Controls
		67.1 Qualitative Experiments
		67.2 Quantitative Experiments
		References
	68: Characterization of Linear Light Sources with the Smartphone´s Ambient Light Sensor
		68.1 Basic Theory
		68.2 Experiments and Results
		References
Part XIII: Astronomy and Modern Physics
	69: Smartphone Astronomy
		69.1 The Night Sky
		69.2 Observing the ISS
		69.3 Conclusion
		References
	70: Determination of the Orbital Inclination of the ISS with a Smartphone
		70.1 Background
		70.2 The Experiment
		70.3 Comments
		References
	71: Adaptation of Acoustic Model Experiments of STM via Smartphones and Tablets
		71.1 Experimental Background
		71.2 Analogies
		71.3 Adapted Experimental Setup
		71.4 Conclusion
		References