Smart Grids for Smart Cities, Volume 2

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Chapter 21 Smart Child Tracking System
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 System Modeling
	21.3 Hardware Design
	21.4 Results and Discussion
	21.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 22 Smart Vehicular Parking Systems for Open Parking Lots
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Description of Smart Parking System
	22.3 Circuit Diagram
	22.4 Block Diagram
	22.5 Working Principle
	22.6 Results and Inference
	22.7 Conclusion
	Future Scope
	Bibliography
Chapter 23 Two Efficient Approaches to Building a Recommendation Engine for Movies Based on Collaborative Filtering on User Ratings
	23.1 Introduction
	23.2 Approach 1: Model-Based Collaborative Filtering
		23.2.1 Implementation of Recommender System
	23.3 Approach 2: Graph-Based Collaborative Filtering
		23.3.1 Reasons for Choosing a Graph-Based Approach over Memory-Based
		23.3.2 Implementation of the Recommendation System
	23.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 24 Design and Construction of Unbiased Digital Dice
	24.1 Introduction
	24.2 Description
	24.3 Circuit Diagram and Components
	24.4 Working Principle
	24.5 Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 25 Review on Utilizing E-Waste in Concrete
	25.1 Introduction
	25.2 Methodology
	25.3 Composition of E-Waste
	25.4 Process of Export
	25.5 Impact of E-Waste on Environment and Human Health
		25.5.1 Environmental Impact
		25.5.2 Impact on Human Health
	25.6 Techniques - 4R Approach
		25.6.1 Reduce
		25.6.2 Reuse
		25.6.3 Recycle
		25.6.4 Restore
	25.7 E-Waste in Concrete
	25.8 Strength Analysis
		25.8.1 Compressive Strength
		25.8.2 Tensile Strength
		25.8.3 Flexural Strength
		25.8.4 Workability
		25.8.5 Specific Gravity
		25.8.6 Water Absorption
		25.8.7 Modulus of Elasticity
	25.9 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 26 Smart Trash Can
	26.1 Introduction
	26.2 Literature Survey
	26.3 The Proposed System
	26.4 Hardware Design
		26.4.1 Microcontroller Board
		26.4.2 Bluetooth Module (HC-05)
		26.4.3 Transmitter Section
		26.4.4 Receiver Section
	26.5 Design and Implementation of Software
	26.6 Results
		26.6.1 Arduino
		26.6.2 Python
		26.6.3 My SQL
		26.6.4 Web Page
	26.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 27 Voltage Fluctuation Control Analysis of Induction Motor Drives in Textile Mill Using Phasor Measurement Unit
	27.1 Introduction
	27.2 Existing System
	27.3 Proposed System
	27.4 Experimental Analysis
	27.5 Experimental Results
	27.6 Conclusion
	Appendix
	References
Chapter 28 Smart Cities and Buildings
	28.1 Introduction
	28.2 Components of Smart City
		28.2.1 Public Transport
		28.2.2 Road Traffic Management
		28.2.3 Building – Safety & Security
		28.2.4 Energy and Water Management
		28.2.5 Waste Management
	28.3 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 29 Minimizing the Roundness Variation in Automobile Brake Drum by Using Taguchi Technique
	29.1 Introduction
		29.1.1 Roundness
	29.2 Methodology with Taguchi Technique for Minimum Roundness of Varies
		29.2.1 Measurement of Out-of-Roundness
		29.2.2 Orthogonal Arrays
		29.2.3 Pareto ANOVA
	29.3 Experimental Conditions
	29.4 Control Factors and Levels
	29.5 Selection of Array Size
	29.6 Experimental Conditions and Calculations of S/N Ratio
	29.7 Pareto Diagram for Out-of-Roundness
	29.8 Response Table of Process Parameter
	29.9 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 30 Analysis of Developments on Mechanical Properties on Aluminum Alloys: A Review
	30.1 Introduction
	30.2 Literature Review
	30.3 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 31 Study of Electromagnetic Field in Induction Motor Using Ansys Maxwell
	31.1 Introduction
	31.2 Mathematical Modeling
	31.3 Methodology
	31.4 Simulation Result
		31.4.1 Magneto Dynamic Analysis
		31.4.2 Magneto Static Analysis
	31.5 Limitations
	31.6 Future Scope
	31.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 32 A New Method of Sensor-Less Speed Vector Control of Asynchronous Motor Drive in Model-Reference Adaptive System
	32.1 Introduction
	32.2 Adaptive Control with Reference Model System (Stationary Frame)
	32.3 Modelling of Asynchronous Motor Drive in Stationary Reference Frame
	32.4 Simulation Diagram
	32.5 Simulation Results
		32.5.1 Speed Loop with Step Disturbance isq*
		32.5.2 Step Response Signal
		32.5.3 Speed Reversal in Step Signal
		32.5.4 Ramp Response
	32.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 33 LabVIEW-Based Speed-Sensorless Field-Oriented Control of Induction Motor Drive
	33.1 Introduction
	33.2 Induction Motor Model
	33.3 Natural Observer
	33.4 Simulation Results
	33.5 Experimental Results and Discussions
	33.6 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 34 IoT-Based Automatic Entry Check in COVID-19 Pandemic
	34.1 Introduction
		34.1.1 Background
	34.2 Related Works
	34.3 Objectives
	34.4 Proposed Model
	34.5 Implementation
		34.5.1 Platforms Used
			34.5.1.1 TinkerCAD
			34.5.1.2 ThingSpeak
			34.5.1.3 Python
	34.5.2 Implementation
		34.5.2.1 Temperature Sensing Module
		34.5.2.2 Hand Sanitizing Module
		34.5.2.3 Social Distance Checking Module
		34.5.2.4 Mask Detection Module
	34.6 Results and Discussion
	34.7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Chapter 35 Smart Power Strip for Household Power Outlet Control and Energy Conservation Using IoT
	35.1 Introduction
	35.2 Methodology
		35.2.1 Functional Block Diagram with Hardware and Software Specifications
		35.2.2 Working of the Proposed Smart Power Strip
		35.2.3 Algorithm
	35.3 Results and Discussion
	35.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 36 Review of Solar Luminescence-Based OFID for Internet of Things Application
	36.1 Introduction
	36.2 OWC for IoT
		36.2.1 Importance of Solar Cell
	36.3 Optical Frequency Identification (OFID)
		36.3.1 Modulation Techniques for OFID
			36.3.1.1 Photoluminescence
			36.3.1.2 Double Modulation
			36.3.1.3 DC-DC Boost Converter Modulator
	36.4 Prototype and Setup
	36.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 37 IoT-Based Substation Monitoring and Controlling
	37.1 Introduction
	37.2 Block Diagram
		37.2.1 Power Supply
		37.2.2 Microcontroller
		37.2.3 Wi-Fi Module
		37.2.4 Voltage Sensor
		37.2.5 Temperature Sensor
		37.2.6 Current Sensor
		37.2.7 Ultrasonic Sensor
		37.2.8 Buzzer
		37.2.9 16*2 LCD Display
		37.2.10 Relay Module
		37.2.11 GSM Module
		37.2.12 Potential Transformer
	37.3 Connection and Working
	37.4 Result and Discussion
		37.4.1 Result of Voltage Sensor
		37.4.2 Result of Ultrasonic Sensor
		37.4.3 Result of Current Sensor
		37.4.4 Result of Temperature Sensor
	37.5 Result of GSM Module
	37.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 38 Agricultural Advancement Using IoT
	38.1 Introduction
	38.2 Proposed System
	38.3 Sensor System
		38.3.1 Soil Moisture Sensor
		38.3.2 Humidity Sensor
		38.3.3 PIR Sensor
		38.3.4 LCD
		38.3.5 Speaker
		38.3.6 Relay
		38.3.7 GSM
		38.3.8 Rain Sensor
	38.4 Methodology
		38.4.1 Flow Chart & Algorithm
	38.5 Hardware of the Proposed System
	38.6 Results and Discussion
	38.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 39 Smart Microgrid in Hospital Community to Enhance Public Health
	39.1 Introduction
	39.2 Hospital Struggling in Poor Backup Generation
	39.3 Microgrid – The Future of Smart Grid and Reduce Power Shedding in Hospitals
		39.3.1 Microgrid – Meaning
		39.3.2 Basic Components in Microgrid
			39.3.2.1 Storage Devices: Fast Response Devices
			39.3.2.2 Energy Management Systems (EMS)
		39.3.3 Distributed Energy Resources
		39.3.4 Microgrid Operation
			39.3.4.1 Grid Connected Mode
			39.3.4.2 Islanded Mode
	39.4 Necessity of Microgrid in Hospital Network
	39.5 Smart Grid-Digital Technology in Electric Grid
		39.5.1 Elements of Smart Grid
			39.5.1.1 Smart Power Meter
			39.5.1.2 Smart Generation
			39.5.1.3 Smart Consumption
	39.6 Big Data Analytics Reduces the Challenges in Microgrid
	39.7 Case Study: Hospitals Poor Backup System Failures Causing Deaths in Recent Years
	39.8 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 40 IoT-Based Smart Waste Management System
	40.1 Introduction
	40.2 Design of Smart Dustbins
	40.3 Hardware Components
		40.3.1 Ultrasonic Sensor
		40.3.2 Ardunio Uno
		40.3.3 Motor Driver L293D
		40.3.4 IR Sensor
	40.4 Working
		40.4.1 Module 1: Garbage Level Monitoring
		40.4.2 Module 2: Motion of Dustbin Towards the Container Line
	40.5 Results and Discussion
	40.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 41 Case Study: Smart City Prospects for Economic Growth and Policies for Land Use
	41.1 Introduction
		41.1.1 Methods: Study Areas
	41.2 Data
	41.3 Analysis
	41.4 Results: Combined Model
		41.4.1 Regional Models
		41.4.2 Discussion: Regional-Level Policy
		41.4.3 Public Land and Zoning
	41.5 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 42 Case Study: International Policy Effectiveness and Conservation Way Towards Smart Cities
	42.1 Policy Effectiveness in Conservation
	42.2 Case Studies of Land Use Policy Effectiveness
	42.3 Scenarios
		42.3.1 Scenario 1: Greenish Growth (Increased Affluence, High Environmental Concern)
		42.3.2 Scenario 2: Maximum Sprawl (Increased Affluence, Low Environmental Concern)
		42.3.3 Scenario 3: Smart De-Growth (Decreased Affluence, High Environmental Concern)
		42.3.4 Scenario 4: Stagnation (Decreased Affluence, Low Environmental Concern)
	42.4 Scenario Interpretation
	42.5 The Policy Processes
	42.6 Conclusions
	42.7 Epilogue
	References
Chapter 43 CNTFET-Based Gas Sensor with a Novel and Safe Testing Chamber Design
	43.1 Introduction
	43.2 Novel Gas Chamber Design
	43.3 CNTFET-Based Gas Sensor
	43.4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
About the Editors
Index
EULA