Sliding Mode Control of Switching Power Converters: Techniques and Implementation

Contents......Page 6
1.1 Introduction......Page 17
1.2 General Theory......Page 18
1.3.1 An Ideal Control......Page 20
1.3.3 Constant Dynamics......Page 21
1.4 Mathematical Formulation......Page 23
1.4.1 Hitting Condition......Page 24
1.4.3 Stability Condition......Page 25
1.4.4 System with Linear Sliding Manifold......Page 26
1.4.5 System with Nonlinear Sliding Manifold......Page 27
1.5 Equivalent Control......Page 29
1.6.1 Relay and Signum Functions......Page 30
1.6.2 Hysteresis Function......Page 31
1.6.3 Equivalent Control Function......Page 32
2.1 Introduction......Page 35
2.2 Basic DC–DC Converters......Page 36
2.3 Operating Modes of DC–DC Converters......Page 38
2.5.1 Switching Frequency......Page 39
2.5.3 Control Gains......Page 40
2.6.1 Hysteretic Controllers......Page 42
2.6.2 Pulse-Width Modulation Controllers......Page 44
2.6.4 Problems of Small-Signal Models and Compensation......Page 47
2.7.2 Fuzzy Logic Control......Page 48
2.7.5 SlidingMode Control......Page 49
3.1 Introduction......Page 51
3.2.2 Higher-Order Converters......Page 52
3.2.4 Theoretical Works......Page 53
3.2.5 Practica lWorks......Page 54
3.2.7 Remarks......Page 55
3.3.1 General Principle of SM Control Implementation......Page 57
3.3.2 Constant Dynamics in Power Converters......Page 58
3.3.4 Conventional Hysteresis-Modulation-Based Implementation......Page 60
3.4 Fixed-Frequency SM Controller in Power Converters......Page 61
3.4.1 Pulse-Width Modulation-Based Sliding Mode Controller......Page 62
3.4.2 Duty-Ratio Control......Page 63
3.5 Some Design Guidelines......Page 64
3.6 Practical Issues in Analog Implementation......Page 67
4.1 Introduction......Page 69
4.2.1 Mathematical Model of Buck Converter......Page 70
4.2.2 Design of an Ideal SM Voltage Controller......Page 71
4.2.3 Design of a Practical SM Voltage Controller......Page 76
4.3.1 Standard SMVC ConverterModel......Page 81
4.3.2 Design Steps......Page 82
4.4.1 Verification of Design Equation......Page 85
4.4.2 Steady-State Performance......Page 86
4.4.4 Line Variation......Page 88
4.4.5 α Variation......Page 89
4.5.1 Advantages......Page 93
4.5.2 Disadvantages......Page 94
4.5.3 Possible Solutions......Page 95
5. Hysteresis-Modulation-Based Sliding Mode Controllers with Adaptive Control......Page 97
5.2.1 Mathematical Model......Page 98
5.2.2 Problems Identification......Page 99
5.2.3 Possible Solutions......Page 102
5.3.1 Theory......Page 103
5.3.2 Implementation Method......Page 105
5.4.1 Theory......Page 106
5.4.2 Implementation Method......Page 107
5.5.1 Line Variation......Page 110
5.5.2 Load Variation......Page 116
6.1 Introduction......Page 121
6.2 Background......Page 122
6.3.1 System Modeling......Page 123
6.3.2 Controller Design......Page 126
6.3.3 Remarks......Page 131
6.4.1 Buck Converter......Page 134
6.4.3 Buck-Boost Converter......Page 138
7.1 Introduction......Page 147
7.2 State-Space Converter Model of the DC–DC Converters under DCM......Page 148
7.3 The Approach......Page 150
7.3.1 System Modeling......Page 151
7.3.2 Controller Design......Page 153
7.4 Simulation Results and Discussions......Page 161
7.4.1 Buck Converter......Page 162
7.4.2 Boost Converter......Page 164
7.4.3 Buck-Boost Converter......Page 168
7.5.1 Background......Page 176
7.5.2 Architecture......Page 177
7.5.3 Simulation Results and Discussions......Page 178
8. Design and Implementation of PWM-Based Sliding Mode Controllers for Power Converters......Page 183
8.2 PWM-based SM Voltage Controller for Buck Converters......Page 184
8.2.2 Existence Condition with Design Parameters Consideration......Page 185
8.2.3 Selection of Sliding Coefficients......Page 187
8.2.4 Implementation of Controller......Page 190
8.2.5 Results and Discussions......Page 194
8.3.1 Mathematical Model......Page 207
8.3.2 Implementation of Controller......Page 208
8.3.3 Experimental Prototype......Page 209
8.3.4 Experimental Results and Discussions......Page 210
9.1 Introduction......Page 221
9.2 The Need for Current-Mode Control in Boost-Type Converters......Page 222
9.3.1 Generating a Suitable Reference Current Profile......Page 223
9.3.3 Dynamical Model of Controller/Converter System and Its Equivalent Control......Page 224
9.3.4 Architecture of Controller......Page 225
9.3.6 Stability Condition......Page 227
9.3.7 An Empirical Approach of Selecting the Sliding Coefficients......Page 230
9.4 Results and Discussions......Page 232
9.4.1 Regulation Performance......Page 233
9.4.2 Dynamic Performance......Page 235
10.1 Introduction......Page 239
10.2.1 State-Space Model of Cuk Converter......Page 240
10.2.3 Reduced-State SM Controller......Page 241
10.3 Constant-Frequency Reduced-State Sliding Mode Current Controller......Page 242
10.3.2 Dynamical Model of Controller/Converter System and Its Equivalent Control......Page 243
10.3.3 Architecture of Controller......Page 244
10.3.4 Existence Condition......Page 245
10.3.5 Stability Condition......Page 246
10.4 Results and Discussion......Page 251
10.4.1 Steady-State Performance......Page 252
10.4.2 Dynamic Performance......Page 254
11.1 Introduction......Page 257
11.2.1 Review of Hysteresis-Modulation-Based Sliding Mode Controllers......Page 258
11.2.2 Review of Indirect Sliding Mode Controllers......Page 260
11.2.3 Analytical Explanation for the Presence of Steady-State Error in Indirect ISM-Controlled Converter......Page 261
11.3 A Possible Solution......Page 262
11.4.1 Double-Integral Sliding Mode Controllers......Page 263
11.4.2 Architecture of DISM Controllers in PWM Form......Page 265
11.4.3 Existence Condition......Page 267
11.4.4 Stability Condition......Page 269
11.5.1 Simulation Result of PWM-Based DISM Buck Converter......Page 273
11.5.2 Experimental Result of PWM-Based DISM Boost Converter......Page 275
Bibliography......Page 283
Index......Page 295