Silica - Physical Behavior, Geochemistry and Materials Applications

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		REVIEWS in MINERALOGY
		SILICA
		Volume 29
		PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR, GEOCHEMISTRY
		Editors:
		P.J. Heaney
		Pr inceton U ni ver sity
		C.T. Prewitt
		Carnegie Institution of Washington, Geophysical Labor ator
		G.V. Gibbs
		Vir ginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
		MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
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		Table 1
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		29 SILICA: Physical Behavior, Geochemistry, and Materials Applications
		iii
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		iv
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		SILICA: PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR, GEOCHEMISTRY,
		Amorp:~~~~~l~~l~~~ .: : .r:': .: :::: ::: t.:': :::::: :::::: .:': ::::::::: !
		vii
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		x
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		xiv
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		xv
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		xviii
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		STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY OF THE
		Peter J. Heaney
		11
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		Table 1
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		----------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - --
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	Tables
		Table 1
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		Heaney: Low-Pressure Silica Polymorphs
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		Left-handed
		Right-handed
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		a/
		/
		-
		\
		c
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		Table 1
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		Heaney: Low-Pressure Silica Polymorphs 21
		Cis
		Trans
		a (A)
		P (g/cm3)
		o
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		22
		b
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		23
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		D
		D
		0'
		D'
		o
		D'
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	Tables
		Table 1
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	Tables
		Table 1
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	Tables
		Table 1
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		Heaney: Low-Pressure Silica Polymorphs
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
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		Heaney: Low-Pressure Silica Polymorphs
		33
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		Heaney: Low-Pressure Silica Polymorphs
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		Heaney: Low-Pressure Silica Polymorphs
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		Heaney: Low-Pressure Silica Polymorphs
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		Heaney: Low-Pressure Silica Polymorphs
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		Heaney: Low-Pressure Silica Polymorphs
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		Heaney: Low-Pressure Silica Polymorphs
		39
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		Heaney: Low-Pressure Silica Polymorphs
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		HIGH-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR OF SILICA
		Russell J. Hemley, Charles T. Prewitt
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		42
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		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica
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	Tables
		Table 1
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		47
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
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		48
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		Table 1
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		50
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		52
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	Tables
		Table 1
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		54
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		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica
		175+-~-.~4-~~~~~~~~~~-.~.-~-.~
		55
		~ 2.0
		z
		o
		10
		20
		40
		60
		70
		PRESSURE
		( GPO)
	Tables
		Table 1
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		56
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		58
		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica
	Tables
		Table 1
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		Hernley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica 59
		STISHOVITE
		b
		~
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
		Table 3
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		60
		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica
		c
		Ip
		o
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		61
		a
	Tables
		Table 1
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		62
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		63
		B
		1
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		64
		a
		-
		en
		o
		Pressure (GPa)
		b
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		66
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		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica
		67
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	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
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		68
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		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica 73
		REFERENCES
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		74
		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica
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		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica
		75
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		76
		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica
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		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica
		77
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		78
		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavu» of Silica
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		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica
		79
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		80
		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica
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		Hemley, Prewitt, Kingma: High-Pressure Behavior of Silica
		81
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		STUFFED DERIVATIVES OF THE SILICA POL YMORPHS
		David C. Palmer
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		84
	Tables
		Table 1
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		Palmer: Stuffed Derivatives of the Silica Polymorphs
		Table 1. Framework densities for silica polymorphs in
		[001]
		85
		z=5/3
		z=4/3
	Tables
		Table 1
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		86
		298 K
		800 K
		z
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		87
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		88
		z
		[110]
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		89
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		90
		z
		L
		b
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		91
		z
		Si
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		92
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		93
		idealized Si02 sheet
		£8£8 ...
		£8C£8C ...
	Tables
		Table 1
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		94
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		CI)
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		Z
		95
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		96
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		97
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		98
		Ne + Ks
		Mole Fraction Kalsilite
	Tables
		Table 1
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		Palmer: Stuffed Derivatives of the Silica Polymorphs
		99
		x
		y
		Structural Behavior of Nepheline
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		100
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		101
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		(c)
		-a*-
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
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		103
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		104
		y
		x
		a
		z
		b
		x
		y
		1
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		105
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		106
		(d)
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		107
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		108
		Palmer: Stuffed Derivatives of the Silica Polymorphs
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		109
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		110
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		111
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		113
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		114
		z'
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		115
	Tables
		Table 1
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		116
		Sodium Zinc Silicate
	Tables
		Table 1
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		117
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		118
		Palmer: Stuffed Derivatives of the Silica Polymorphs
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
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		Palmer: Stuffed Derivatives of the Silica Polymorphs
		119
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		120
		Palmer: Stuffed Derivatives of the Silica Polymorphs
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		Palmer: Stuffed Derivatives of the Silica Polymorphs
		121
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		122
		Palmer: Stuffed Derivatives of the Silica Polymorphs
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		HYDROGEN SPECIATION AND
		INTRODUCTION
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		.
	Tables
		Table 1
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		1 fA (u)
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		Table 1
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		Kronenberg: H-Speciation and Chemical Weakening of Quartz
		129
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
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		Table 1
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		3
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		Table 1
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		Table 1
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		Kronenberg: Il-Speciation and Chemical Weakening of Quartz 135
	Tables
		Table 1
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		00
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		137
		Kronenberg: Il-Speciation and Chemical Weakening of Quartz
	Tables
		Table 1
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		Table 1
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		a
		• •
		•
		c
		~
		dl
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		148
		Kronenberg: Il-Speciation and Chemical Weakening of Quartz
		- 1
		log Stress Intensity Factor K I
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
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REV029C004_p151-176.pdf
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			µ = µ* + a In (: ~) + b '¥
		Tables
			Table 1
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			. _ (al - (3) c Db 0 (13)
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			155
		Tables
			Table 1
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			Kronenberg: H -Speciation and Chemical Weakening oJ Quartz 157
		Tables
			Table 1
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			a
			b
	Page 10
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			b
		Tables
			Table 1
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			164 Kronenberg: H-Speciation and Chemical Weakening of Quartz
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			b
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			Kronenberg: H -Speciation and Chemical Weakening of Quartz
			167
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			168 Kronenberg: Il-Speciation and Chemical Weakening of Quartz
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			Kronenberg: H-Speciation and Chemical Weakening oJ Quartz 169
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			170 Kronenberg: H-Speciation and Chemical Weakening of Quartz
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			Kronenberg: H-Speciation and Chemical Weakening of Quartz
			171
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			172 Kronenberg: Il-Speciation and Chemical Weakening oJ Quartz
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			Kronenberg: Il-Speciation and Chemical Weakening oJ Quartz
			173
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			174 Kronenberg: Il-Speciation and Chemical Weakening oJ Quartz
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			Kronenberg: H-Speciation and Chemical Weakening oJ Quartz
			175
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			176 Kronenberg: H -Speciation and Chemical Weakening of Quartz
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		PREFERRED ORIENTATION PATTERNS
		H.-R. Wenk
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		178
		Wenk: Preferred Orientation in Deformed Quartzites
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		179
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		(a) (b)
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		Wenk: Preferred Orientation in Deformed Quartzites
		181
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		182
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		183
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		184
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		Wenk: Preferred Orientation in Deformed Quartzites
		185
	Tables
		Table 1
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		(a)
		(b)
	Tables
		Table 1
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		187
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		188
		a
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		189
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		190
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		191
		(001)
		(110)
		(001)
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		193
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		194
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		195
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		196
		Wenk: Preferred Orientation in Deformed Quartzites
		z
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		crossed-girdle: periphery of granulite
		small circle girdle: central granulite
Page 22
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		198
		x
		b-tectonite
		s-tectonite
		z
Page 23
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		199
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		(c)
Page 24
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		200
Page 25
	Titles
		201
		2.5~?
		3.5L SI
		,
	Tables
		Table 1
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		202
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		203
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		204
		(a)
		(b)
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		205
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		206
		Wenk: Preferred Orientation in Deformed Quartzites
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		207
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		208
		Wenk: Preferred Orientation in Deformed Quartzites
Page 1
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		210
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		211
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		212
		a
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		Graetsch: Structure of Opaline and Microcrystalline Silica
		213
		o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
		density (g/cm3 )
		3.-------------------------
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	Tables
		Table 1
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		214
	Tables
		Table 1
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		Graetsch: Structure of Opaline and Microcrystalline Silica
		215
		left-handed
		c
		moganite
		right-handed
		chalcedony
		~
		-80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140
		chemical shift (ppm)
	Tables
		Table 1
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		216
		E
		~
		o
Page 9
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		217
		E
		'­
		[10%
		4000
		3500
		3000
		2500
		2000
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		218
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		219
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		220
		O-~-O-~-O-~-O-~-O
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		>.
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		• • ••
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		18
		23
		28
		33 38 43
		2 theta (Cu-Ka)
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		222
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		223
		trans
		trans
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		224
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		225
		12
		141 silica ~ 0 I
		glass 0)
		non-cryst.
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		disordered ) ~ 0
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		o I I I I I I
		10
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		-106 -107 -10S -109 -110 -111 -112 -113 -114
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		226
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		228
		c
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		c
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		0.2
		0.4
		0.6
		o.s
		2 theta (SA)
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		Water content
		Graetsch: Structure of Opaline and Microcrystalline Silica
		229
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
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		230
		Graetsch: Structure of Opaline and Microcrystalline Silica
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		231
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		232
		Graetsch: Structure of Opaline and Microcrystalline Silica
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		PETROGENESIS OF CHERT
		L. Paul Knauth
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		234
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		236
		Knauth: Petrogenesis of Chert
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		237
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		~
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Page 18
	Titles
		250
		t
		,.
		~ ' .
		. u,'::
		.... : ..
		. ~"
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 19
	Titles
		251
Page 20
	Titles
		252
Page 21
	Titles
		253
Page 22
	Titles
		254
		~,.tt.
		u
Page 23
	Titles
		Knauth: Petrogenesis of Chert
		255
Page 24
	Titles
		256
		Knauth: Petrogenesis of Chert
		REFERENCES
Page 25
	Titles
		Knauth: Petrogenesis of Chert
		257
Page 26
	Titles
		258
		Knauth: Petrogenesis of Chert
Page 1
	Titles
		SILICA-WATER INTERACTIONS
		P. M. DOVE
		J. D. RIMSTIDT
		INTRODUCTION
Page 2
	Titles
		260
		Table 1. Si0:2-rich natural processes and engineered systems.
Page 3
	Titles
		261
		K= 2
		Solubility of silica phases
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 4
	Titles
		(6)
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 5
	Titles
		Dove & Rimstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		263
		o
		....
		o
		Temperature, °C
		O.s
		....
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 6
	Titles
		264
		\
		O-H
		\
		(8)
Page 7
	Titles
		265
		FI
		f/
		I I I /
		I / /
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 8
	Titles
		266
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		o
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 9
	Titles
		267
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 10
	Titles
		268
Page 11
	Titles
		269
Page 12
	Titles
		"'d
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		I c1 I c2 I
		b
		a
		270
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 13
	Titles
		Dove & Rimstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		271
		o
		.0.5
		'2 .1.5
		(/) .2
		" -
		~ .3
		9 -
		::,; .})
		3- ..4.5
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 14
	Titles
		272
		Dove & Rimstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 15
	Titles
		Dove & Rimstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		+--t--+
		I
		I
		·1fT
		273
		(16)
Page 16
	Titles
		274
Page 17
	Titles
		a 4~-----------------------'
		275
		'. I
		•• •
		....
		~
		~
		A+B=ABt~ C+D
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 18
	Titles
		276 Dove & Rimstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		k., =(~ )(Y~~S)(exp~){exp -~~+)
		(35)
		(38)
		(39)
		+ - - - exp-- exp--
Page 19
	Titles
		277
		Reaction coordinate
Page 20
	Titles
		278
		~
		~
		/!G* = 161t cr3 V2 (43)
Page 21
	Titles
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		279
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 22
	Titles
		280
		Dove & Rimstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		o 0
		o .
		~
		o
		... "'-8
		+.+ ..... 8" B
		• "'-ill
		ffII
		x
		x
		b b "7 ~
		- -
		8
		o
		o
		o
		~
		u
		o
		G
		b b b --: "7
		(S- ZUJIIOUI) J)j 'lUBlsuo:) ;nB~ U~;lOIOSS!a -
Page 23
	Titles
		.. ~
		.. .
		.. is- ........ ".,7aCI
		.. "
		rooo/r, K
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 24
	Titles
		282
Page 25
	Titles
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		283
		'"
		b.)
		i
		;;;-10
		-0
		"
		~
		..s
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 26
	Titles
		284
Page 27
	Titles
		285
		9
		~
		~
		'"
Page 28
	Titles
		286
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		a "
Page 29
	Titles
		287
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 30
	Titles
		288
Page 31
	Titles
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		289
Page 32
	Titles
		290
Page 33
	Titles
		291
Page 34
	Titles
		292
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		(-66.0±2.3)( )1 (-82.7±2.l)( )1.1±0.06
		r = exp-10.7±1.1 T exp 8>SiOH + exp4.7±0.8T exp 8>SiOiol
		la-3RT la-3RT (56)
Page 35
	Titles
		293
Page 36
	Titles
		294
Page 37
	Titles
		295
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 38
	Titles
		296
		/
		ro'/ / + 10·2M Na
		•
		•
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 39
	Titles
		297
		a
		\1
		:/o~
		./j \ <,
		b
		c
		7 ....
		~
		\
Page 40
	Titles
		298
Page 41
	Titles
		Dove & Rimstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		299
Page 42
	Titles
		300
Page 43
	Titles
		301
		REFERENCES
Page 44
	Titles
		302
		REFERENCES
Page 45
	Titles
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		303
Page 46
	Titles
		304
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
Page 47
	Titles
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		305
Page 48
	Titles
		306
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
Page 49
	Titles
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
		307
Page 50
	Titles
		308
		Dove & Rirnstidt: Silica-Water Interactions
Page 1
	Titles
		THERMOCHEMISTRY OF
		Alexandra Navrotsky
		INTRODUCTION
Page 2
	Titles
		310
		Navrotsky: Thermochemistry of Silica
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 3
	Titles
		Navrotsky: Thermochemistry of Silica
		311
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 4
	Titles
		312
		Navrotsky: Thermochemistry of Silica
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 5
	Titles
		313
		a
		•
		•
		' .. _
		_ -
		c
		•
		•
		•
		• ••••••••
		•
		•
		•
		•
Page 6
	Titles
		314
		..
		..,
		""
		,
		,
		..
		.,
Page 7
	Titles
		Navrotsky: Thermochemistry of Silica
		315
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 8
	Titles
		316
Page 9
	Titles
		Navrotsky: Thermochemistry of Silica
		317
		s
		• ...-<:-:::-..--~~
		'"
		'"
		/'"
		.
		i
		§~ .......
		'" -------------.--~
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 10
	Titles
		318
		1 SOl
		, , .. "t
Page 11
	Titles
		319
Page 12
	Titles
		~
Page 13
	Titles
		321
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 14
	Titles
		322
Page 15
	Titles
		Navrotsky: Thermochemistry of Silica
		323
		-Jt-tr-tr-----------·
		i
		If----
		•
		/;
		~
		Framework density (T/1 oooA 1 )
		o t r
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
		Table 3
Page 16
	Titles
		324
Page 17
	Titles
		325
Page 18
	Titles
		326
		...
		~
		...
		~
Page 19
Page 20
	Titles
		328
		Navrotsky: Thermochemistry of Silica
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
Page 21
	Titles
		Navrotsky: Thermochemistry of Silica
		329
Page 22
Page 1
	Titles
		1l®
		THE ELUSIVE SiO BOND
		G.V. Gibbs·, J.W. Downs' and M.B. Boisen, Jr!
		1l®
Page 2
	Titles
		332
Page 3
	Titles
		333
Page 4
	Titles
		334
		GEOMETRIES OF MOLECULES AND CRYSTALS
Page 5
	Titles
		Gibbs et al.: The Elusive SiO Bond
		335
		(a)
		(b)
Page 6
	Titles
		336
Page 7
	Titles
		337
Page 8
	Titles
		338
Page 9
	Titles
		339
Page 10
	Titles
		340
Page 11
	Titles
		341
		3 j
		~ ~
		._ ~ -
		~ ~
		~ ~ .
		. ~ ..
		~ ~
		3 i
		~ ~ "
		" ~
		" .
Page 12
	Titles
		342
Page 13
	Titles
		343
Page 14
	Titles
		344
		ELECTRON DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS
		(1)
Page 15
	Titles
		345
Page 16
	Titles
		346
Page 17
	Titles
		347
Page 18
	Titles
		348
Page 19
	Titles
		349
		(2)
Page 20
	Titles
		350
Page 21
	Titles
		351
		(3)
Page 22
	Titles
		352
Page 23
	Titles
		353
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 24
	Titles
		354
Page 25
	Titles
		355
Page 26
	Titles
		356
		Gibbs et al.: The Elusive SiO Bond
Page 27
	Titles
		357
		fi(XO) = 1 - exp{ -1/4( -0.85 + 2.64rb(0))2}
		(4)
Page 28
	Titles
		358
Page 29
	Titles
		359
Page 30
	Titles
		360
Page 31
	Titles
		361
Page 32
	Titles
		362
Page 33
	Titles
		Gibbs et al.: The Elusive SiO Bond
		363
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
Page 34
	Titles
		364
		Gibbs et al.: The Elusive SiO Bond
Page 35
	Titles
		Gibbs et al.: The Elusive SiO Bond
		365
Page 36
	Titles
		366
		Gibbs et al.: The Elusive SiO Bond
Page 37
	Titles
		Gibbs et al.: The Elusive SiO Bond
		367
Page 38
	Titles
		368
		Gibbs et al.: The Elusive SiO Bond
Page 1
	Titles
		FIRST-PRINCIPLES THEORY OF CRYSTALLINE Si02
		llll
		Ronald E. Cohen
		llll
Page 2
	Titles
		370
Page 3
	Titles
		371
Page 4
	Titles
		372
Page 5
	Titles
		373
Page 6
	Titles
		374
Page 7
	Titles
		375
Page 8
	Titles
		376
		-
		•
		b
Page 9
	Titles
		377
		IrUYM E r II ZURTA S Z
		ro
		- ..
		- ..
		0::::
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
		Table 3
		Table 4
Page 10
	Titles
		378
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 11
	Titles
		379
Page 12
	Titles
		380
Page 13
	Titles
		381
		....... _-_.-
		a
		-.
		,
		,
		,
Page 14
	Titles
		382
		~
		o
		o
		~
Page 15
	Titles
		383
Page 16
	Titles
		384
Page 17
	Titles
		385
Page 18
	Titles
		386
		Cohen: Theory of Crystalline Si02
		1888888
		Mr""lMr"'lMM
		000000
		"0
		'"
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 19
	Titles
		387
Page 20
	Titles
		388
Page 21
	Titles
		389
		~~
		-
		"
		<"
		8
		<5
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 22
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 23
	Titles
		391
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 24
	Titles
		392
Page 25
	Titles
		393
Page 26
	Titles
		394
		g~------------~
		cE
		'­
Page 27
	Titles
		395
		P (GPa)
Page 28
	Titles
		396
Page 29
	Titles
		397
Page 30
	Titles
		""
		I
		V
		o
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 31
	Titles
		Cohen: Theory of Crystalline Si02
		REFERENCES
		399
Page 32
	Titles
		400
		Cohen: Theory of Crystalline Si02
Page 33
	Titles
		Cohen: Theory of Crystalline Si02
		401
Page 34
	Titles
		402
		Cohen: Theory of Crystalline Si02
Page 1
	Titles
		LA TTICE DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR OF ANHYDROUS SILICA
		Gerard Dolino and Marcel Vallade
Page 2
	Titles
		404
Page 3
	Titles
		Dolino & Vallade: Lattice Dynamics of Anhydrous Silica
		405
		+ +
		+ +
		r-tIl
		*
		* - *
		+ + +
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 4
	Titles
		406
		N ((1)~ - 0/ + im YIJ
Page 5
	Titles
		407
		a
		errr '
		b
		~ 1\:- II +
Page 6
	Titles
		408
		. .-- .
		35.0 I L~:~:~:~:.
		1 . · r· .... · r
		25.oH1 !-----:.:-.:
		" : .---
		g- ~il
		15.0~ _. _0 _. -0_.
		bj -.-.-.-
		lo.0l~1 l: I
		. . . . .~~,
		!l -0-.
		.... _.-tI
		V·· .. ·, I
		.... ,
		a
		b
Page 7
	Titles
		409
		Dolino & Vallade: Lattice Dynamics of Anhydrous Silica
Page 8
Page 9
	Titles
		411
Page 10
	Titles
		412
		.5
		.4
		.3
		4-
		__ :r . 1
		; __ ---- ..... ---------i
		~~~~~~~~-~~~~-~----- S M
		~ ---+
		.2
		. 1
		2.0
		.0.0
		.5
		I- 1.5
		wave vector (r.l.u
Page 11
	Titles
		413
Page 12
	Titles
		414
		a
		b
Page 13
	Titles
		415
Page 14
	Titles
		416
Page 15
	Titles
		Dolino & Vallade: Lattice Dynamics of Anhydrous Silica
		417
		auortz
		cnsrobctite
		tridyrnite
		Table 3. Symmetry classification and frequencies (in cm-t) of vibration modes
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 16
	Titles
		418
Page 17
	Titles
		419
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 18
	Titles
		420
Page 19
	Titles
		421
Page 20
	Titles
		422
Page 21
	Titles
		Dolino & Vallade: Lattice Dynamics of Anhydrous Silica
		423
		tPij = ~ + Co (bi + bj) exp . . - -6-J (3)
		Cij
		= -.-. I) I)
		(4)
Page 22
	Titles
		424
Page 23
	Titles
		425
		REFERENCES
Page 24
	Titles
		426
		Dolino & Vallade: Lattice Dynamics of Anhydrous Silica
Page 25
	Titles
		427
Page 26
	Titles
		428
		Dolino & Vallade: Lattice Dynamics of Anhydrous Silica
Page 27
	Titles
		429
Page 28
	Titles
		430
		Dolino & Vallade: Lattice Dynamics of Anhydrous Silica
Page 29
	Titles
		431
Page 30
Page 1
	Titles
		COLORED VARIETIES OF THE SILICA MINERALS
		George R. Rossman
Page 2
	Titles
		434
Page 3
Page 4
	Titles
		436
		Rossman: Colored Varieties of Silica Minerals
Page 5
	Titles
		437
Page 6
	Titles
		438
		Rossman: Colored Varieties of Silica Minerals
		1200
		1000
		800
		600
		400
		0.0 '--~___'-~--'--~---'--~_'_~---'
		200
		~
		-e 0.5
		o
		~
		Wavelength (run)
		8
		\
		6
		4
		2
		Wavelength (run)
		~
		-e 0.5
		o
		~
		400
		600
		800
		1000
		1200
		Wavelength (run)
Page 7
	Titles
		439
Page 8
	Titles
		440
		~
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 9
	Titles
		441
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 10
	Titles
		442
Page 11
Page 12
	Titles
		444
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 13
	Titles
		445
Page 14
Page 15
	Titles
		~
Page 16
	Titles
		448
		Rossman: Colored Varieties of Silica Minerals
Page 17
	Titles
		449
Page 18
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 19
	Titles
		451
		" /
		/ \
		/ \
		" /
		/ \
		/ \
Page 20
	Titles
		452
		Rossman: Colored Varieties of Silica Minerals
		Electrolytic smoky quartz
		Other irradiation colors related to smoky quartz
		Thermal and optical stability
		II c
		1.5
		~
		-e 1.0
		o
		'"
		~
Page 21
	Titles
		Rossman: Colored Varieties of Silica Minerals
		453
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 22
	Titles
		454
Page 23
	Titles
		455
Page 24
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 25
	Titles
		457
		o ~----~----~----~--~~~~
		-e
		'"
Page 26
	Titles
		458
		Rossman: Colored Varieties of Silica Minerals
		~
		 ..............
		./ ,.....-.,..,....
		/%_o-' _._o_·
		..... ,_.- _._ .
		.... ! =._._o-.-'--' _o
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		. __ .-._.
		-0 _o_._·_·_o_o_.
		-.
		-.-._._._.-._.
		o
		it
		z-o,
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 22
	Titles
		490
Page 23
	Titles
		,
		!
		491
Page 24
	Titles
		492
Page 25
	Titles
		Beall: Industrial Applications of Silica
		493
Page 26
	Titles
		494
Page 27
Page 28
	Titles
		496
		-.
		7/
		"
		.,
		,
		1001 I _ I i"'k--~,~ I I
		~
		~
		,
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 29
	Titles
		497
		a
		I \ ,'t ~1P7>.
		\ ' ° ...... RB" '(QJW
		° j , \ ...... 0 \ (+)
Page 30
	Titles
		498
		.
		;r
		)
		/
		,/
		,/
		,
		/
		,
		,
Page 31
	Titles
		499
Page 32
	Titles
		500
Page 33
	Titles
		501
Page 34
	Titles
		502
Page 35
	Titles
		Beall: Industrial Applications of Silica
		503
Page 36
	Titles
		504
		Beall: Industrial Applications of Silica
		REFERENCES
Page 37
	Titles
		Beall: Industrial Applications of Silica
		505
Page 38
Page 1
	Titles
		ll§
		SILICA ZEOLITES AND CLA THRASILS
		Mobil Research and Development Corporation
		P. O. Box 1025, Princeton, NJ 08540 U.S.A.
		"Rarely in our technological society does the discovery of a new class of inorganic
		applications as has happened with the zeolite molecular sieves." (Breck, 1974)
		INTRODUCTION
Page 2
	Titles
		508
		Higgins: Silica Zeolites and Clathrasils
		HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
		Early History
		Industrial Era
Page 3
	Titles
		509
Page 4
	Titles
		510
Page 5
	Titles
		511
Page 6
	Titles
		512
Page 7
	Titles
		513
Page 8
	Titles
		514 Higgins: Silica Zeolites and Clathrasils
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 9
	Titles
		515
Page 10
	Titles
		516
Page 11
	Titles
		517
Page 12
	Titles
		518
Page 13
	Titles
		Higgins: Silica Zeolites and Clathrasils
		519
Page 14
	Titles
		520
Page 15
	Titles
		521
Page 16
	Titles
		522
Page 17
	Titles
		523
Page 18
	Titles
		524
Page 19
	Titles
		525
Page 20
	Titles
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		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
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		HEAL TH EFFECTS OF SILICA DUST EXPOSURE
		David F. Goldsmith
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		CLINICAL DESCRIPTION OF SILICA-RELATED DISEASES
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		Goldsmith: Health Effects of Silica Dust Exposure
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		Miscellaneous noncancer effects
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		Table 1. Summary of epidemiologic studies of
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			REFERENCES
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