Sharing the Gains of Globalization in the New Security Environment: The Challenges to Trade Facilitation

Front Cover
......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copright
......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
List of Figures and Tables......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
Acknowledgements......Page 13
List of Abbreviations......Page 15
Second International Forum
on Trade Facilitation
14-15 May 2003
......Page 22
Summary of the Debate at the Forum......Page 30
Sharing the benefits......Page 31
New security measures in international trade......Page 41
Tools enhancing trade facilitation and security in developing and
transition economies
......Page 46
Open regionalism- a key to implementing trade facilitation......Page 50
General conclusion......Page 53
Introductory Remarks......Page 56
Towards a Sustainable and Secure Trade Facilitation System......Page 58
Towards an integrated system of trade facilitation......Page 61
Facilitating the Dialogue......Page 67
Overcoming uncertainty and stagnation in world trade......Page 68
Making progress in the Doha Development Agenda......Page 69
Towards a regional trade facilitation system in Europe and the CIS......Page 70
The focus on building capacity for trade facilitation......Page 71
Trade facilitation and security......Page 72
New technologies and trade facilitation......Page 74
Trade facilitation in post-enlargement Europe......Page 75
Reaching the appropriate balance between multilateral, regional, and bilateral mechanisms......Page 76
PART ONE: HOW TO ACHIEVE BENEFITS FOR ALL FROM TRADE FACILITATION?......Page 78
Sharing the Gains of Globalisation: The Importance of Trade Facilitation......Page 80
How and under what Conditions can Developing Countries be Enabled to Receive a Better Share of the Benefit of Trade Facilitation......Page 84
Trade Facilitation: Benefits and Capacity Building for Customs......Page 96
Needs and priorities......Page 104
Local public and private partnerships......Page 105
International cooperative networks......Page 106
Trade facilitation and information and communication technology (ICT)......Page 107
Trade facilitation and security......Page 108
The challenges of trade facilitation in the post-Doha context......Page 110
Potential benefits lost Figure 1.6.1: World trade 197099 (trillion US$ constant 1995)......Page 112
Constraints......Page 113
Practical implications......Page 114
A cohesive supply-side approach......Page 115
Figure 1.6.2: Products to market......Page 116
Practical applications......Page 117
Conclusion......Page 118
Quantitative analysis of costs and benefits of trade facilitation......Page 119
Figure 1.7.1: Estimated benefits of trade facilitation (the liberalization assumptions of the cited studies differ) ADDITIONAL G......Page 120
Observations on perceived quality of the customs environment......Page 121
Executive summary......Page 128
Introduction......Page 129
Trade transaction costs in developing countries......Page 130
The benefits of trade facilitation in developing countries......Page 136
The income distribution impact of trade facilitation......Page 138
Figure 1.9.1: Schematic representation of trade facilitation and poverty linkages......Page 140
Conclusions and recommendations......Page 152
Reference list:......Page 155
Appendix: Summary of Transport Cost Studies for Developing Countries......Page 159
Ministry of Roads and Transport......Page 160
Ministry of Trade......Page 161
Scanner......Page 163
GCNet......Page 164
Figure 1.10.1. Re-export & transit trade......Page 165
Re-export and transit trade Figure 1.10.2. Re-export and transit trade analysis 2002-2003......Page 166
Figure 1.10.4. Transit trade, first quarter 2003......Page 167
Computer Risk Management System......Page 168
Recommendations......Page 169
Using ICT Standards to Advance Trade Facilitation: the Royal Malaysian Customs Experience......Page 172
Trade facilitation and its WTO context......Page 175
The benefits of a WTO trade facilitation agreement......Page 176
Why is trade facilitation best managed within a WTO agreement?......Page 177
A possible structure for a trade facilitation agreement......Page 178
Measurement of trade facilitation......Page 179
Capacity building......Page 180
Conclusion......Page 181
Study on Trade Facilitation: Concerns, Options and the Way Forward......Page 182
Executive summary......Page 183
Scope of this paper......Page 186
Why is trade facilitation an issue now?......Page 187
Challenges and opportunities......Page 191
Developing country concerns and challenges......Page 192
The costs of trade facilitation......Page 205
steps......Page 207
Bibliography:......Page 214
Appendix A: Current Trade Facilitation Initiatives......Page 215
Appendix B: Trade Facilitation in the World Trade Organization......Page 216
PART TWO: TRADE FACILITATION POLICY AND NEW
SECURITY INITIATIVES
......Page 222
Trade Facilitation Policy and New Security Initiatives
......Page 224
The New Challenges from the Point of View of the Shipping Industry......Page 234
What are the solutions?......Page 237
Conclusion and recommendations......Page 239
Trained Inspectors and Scanning and Sealing Technologies.......Page 241
antidote......Page 242
• The third process......Page 243
Figure 2.3.1 The scheme shown in progress......Page 244
Annex 1: Innovative Trade Network: Consortium formed to enhance global trade security......Page 247
Security in a Global Supply Chain A Holistic Approach......Page 251
Trade Facilitation and Security: The Perspective of HM Customs and Excise, United Kingdom......Page 255
Proposal for Standards Development in Support of Trade Facilitation and Security: A Collaborative Approach......Page 260
Trade, trade facilitation, economic development and the role of the United Nations......Page 261
Analysing the needs the International Supply Chain Model......Page 265
• Intermediary:......Page 266
• Ship......Page 267
How can trade security standards be verified and by whom?......Page 277
Possible areas for a collaborative approach to the development of standards to enhance trade security and facilitation......Page 278
Conclusions......Page 280
PART THREE: MECHANISMS OF COOPERATION: THE
ROLE OF THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY
......Page 286
Keys to trade facilitation......Page 288
Compliance......Page 289
Figure 3.1.1 Risk database......Page 290
Figure 3.1.2 Risk types......Page 291
Case study......Page 292
The Information Society 2008......Page 293
What are the risks?......Page 294
The traditional role of Posts in economic development......Page 295
The inefficiencies of the Internet today......Page 296
Conclusion......Page 299
New Solutions for Trade Facilitation and e-Business Accessible to All......Page 300
Pillar I: Developing markets......Page 303
Pillar II: Creating a safe trading environment......Page 306
TTFSE.ORG: Adding value for business through transparency......Page 308
Main presentation topics:......Page 309
trust,......Page 318
Introduction......Page 319
Figure 3.7.1. Separating the "what" from the "how"......Page 321
Figure 3.7.2. Open-EDI reference model Brief introduction to the Business Collaboration Framework......Page 322
Figure 3.7.3. Overview of the business collaboration framework......Page 323
The bottom line ending up with business information exchanges......Page 324
Figure 3.7.4. Business entity life cycle......Page 326
Figure 3.7.5. Business information structure......Page 328
Business Collaboration Framework and Web Services......Page 329
Conclusion......Page 333
Recommendation......Page 334
Trade security: a global problem......Page 335
Risk of disruption......Page 336
An infrastructure strategy......Page 338
A Global Trade System......Page 340
Real World Technology Solutions for In-Transit Freight Border Security......Page 342
Figure 3.9.3 FAST's tagging system at Ambassador Bridge site......Page 345
Figure 3.9.4 Container electronic seal......Page 346
Supply Chain Security: The "Virtual Border"......Page 347
Figure 3.10.1 Complex data flow for international shipments......Page 348
Figure 3.10.2: Aggregating commercial data sample data elements and application data......Page 349
Figure 3.10.3 Commercial data key to the security schema......Page 351
Doing More with Less through Real Time: Holistic view command and control......Page 354
Figure 3.11.1 Holistic approach to the numerous dimensions of supply chain security......Page 356
Figure 3.12.1. SST network in 2003......Page 358
Figure 3.12.2. Two representative customer scenarios......Page 359
Figure 3.12.4 Current SST participants......Page 362
Figure 3.13.1. HPH global logistics network 309......Page 364
PART FOUR: OPEN REGIONALISM......Page 370
Trade facilitation as a key tool in economic development......Page 372
Current trends in trade facilitation......Page 373
UNECE's regional approach......Page 374
implementation......Page 375
• Integrating......Page 376
Implementation and capacity building......Page 377
Conclusion......Page 379
The Role of ESCWA in Promoting Trade Facilitation......Page 380
Open regionalism and preferential rules of origin......Page 385
Rules of origin: conceptual and economic problems......Page 387
Rules of origin and trade facilitation in Latin America......Page 389
Final considerations......Page 392
Trade Facilitation in a Multilateral Framework: Challenges for Africa......Page 394
Trade facilitation in Africa: challenges for the future......Page 395
Trade facilitation in a multilateral framework......Page 397
Trade facilitation: the need for technical assistance for Africa......Page 398
PART FIVE: UNITED NATIONS ELECTRONIC TRADE
DOCUMENTS PROJECT: DIGITAL PAPER FOR SECURE AND
EFFICIENT SUPPLY CHAINS
......Page 400
Standards and technologies for trade documents......Page 402
United Nations electronic trade documents: objective, phases and outputs......Page 403
Figure 5.1.1. Pros and cons of paper and electronic documents in international trade......Page 405
UNeDocs: cooperation and status......Page 406
Figure 5.1.2. UNeDocs: one single electronic document adapting to various information processing concepts......Page 407
Figure 5.1.3. The negotiable FIATA multimodal transport bill of lading in XML format......Page 408
Conclusion......Page 409
Smart Client for On-Line and Off-Line Processing of XML Forms: Microsoft Supporting UNeDocs through Microsoft® Office InfoPath™......Page 410
InfoPath and web services......Page 411
Entering location codes......Page 412
Empowering Trade Documents: Digital Paper for Secure and Efficient Business and Communication Chains......Page 414
Figure 5.3.1 The FIAT A forwarding instruction......Page 416
• I am a Reviewer......Page 419
Figure 5.4.2 The electronic signature of a UNeDocs document......Page 422
Introduction......Page 423
Background......Page 424
Value proposition of legislative protection......Page 425
The Electronic Postmark™......Page 426
The Electronic Postmark™ service context......Page 427
Summary......Page 429
Electronic Documentation in Trade Transactions......Page 430
Patent density......Page 435
Recommendations......Page 437
PART SIX: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND TRADE FACILITATION:  IDENTIFYING OPPORTUNITIES AND ROADBLOCKS......Page 432
Workshop on Intellectual Property Rights and
Trade Facilitation,
......Page 434
Intellectual Property and UN Technical Standards: A Legal Perspective......Page 438
Trade Agreement provisions......Page 442
Conclusion......Page 445
IPR as the key resource in the global knowledge economy......Page 446
Figure 6.4.1 The emergence of the global knowledge economy: networks throughout the ages......Page 447
benefits......Page 449
International networks supporting the integration of markets in the global knowledge economy......Page 450
Figure 6.4.2. The PCT system......Page 451
Towards a global system for the grant of patents......Page 452
Figure 6.4.3 The International Searching Authority (ISA) and International Preliminary Examination Authority (IPEA) work share......Page 453
Figure 6.4.4 The European patent system expanding......Page 455
Chairman's Conclusions: The Way Forward to Facilitate Trade......Page 457
Session 1: How to achieve benefits for all from trade facilitation?......Page 458
Session 2: Trade facilitation policy and new security initiatives......Page 459
Session 3: The role of the business community: mechanism, of cooperation......Page 462
Session 4: Open regionalism......Page 463
Workshop on intellectual property rights (IPRs) and trade facilitation......Page 464
WTO ministerial meeting in Cancun (September 10-14, 2003), trade facilitation should have high priority and all efforts should b......Page 465
Index......Page 467