Serotonin and gastrointestinal function

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Preface......Page 6
The Editors......Page 7
Contributors......Page 8
Table of Contents......Page 9
 II. Synthesis and Distribution of 5-HT......Page 14
 III. Release of 5-HT......Page 15
 IV. Metabolism of 5-HT......Page 17
 References......Page 18
 I. The Intrinsic Innervation of the Gut is Autonomous and Different from that of Any Other Organ......Page 24
 II. Classification of Enteric Neurons......Page 25
 III. Functions of Some Classes of Enteric Neurons......Page 26
 IV. Serotonin (5-HT) May be an Initiator of the Peristaltic Reflex......Page 28
 V. The Bowel Contains Many 5-HT Receptors......Page 29
 VII. The 5-HT1p Receptor is Coupled to a Go......Page 30
 VIII. Protein Kinase C Appears to Play a Critical Role in 5-HT1p-Mediated Responses......Page 32
 IX. The 5-HT1p Receptor Plays a Critical Role in Initiating the Peristaltic Reflex......Page 33
 XI. 5-HT is a Neurotransmitter in the ENS......Page 34
 XIII. Summary and Conclusions......Page 36
 Acknowledgments......Page 37
 References......Page 38
 II. 5-HT1 Receptors......Page 46
  A. 5-HT1A Receptors......Page 47
  B. 5-HT1D Receptors......Page 48
  A. 5-HT2A Receptors......Page 50
  B. 5-HT2B Receptors......Page 51
 IV. 5-HT3 Receptors......Page 52
 V. 5-HT4 Receptors......Page 53
 VI. Orphan 5-HT Receptors......Page 55
 References......Page 58
 I. Introduction......Page 66
    b. Inhibitory effects......Page 67
    a. Excitatory effects on enteric neurons......Page 68
  B. 5-HT2 Receptors......Page 69
    a. Contractile effects......Page 71
  D. 5-HT4 Receptors......Page 72
    a. Excitatory effects......Page 73
    a. Inhibitory effects......Page 74
  A. Functional Role of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 Receptors......Page 75
  B. Functional Role of 5-HT3 Receptors......Page 77
  C. Functional Role of 5-HT4 Receptors......Page 78
  A. Role of 5-HT in the Modulation of Gastric Motility......Page 79
   1. Gastric Emptying......Page 80
   1. Role of Serotonergic Pathways in the Regulation of the MMC......Page 81
   2. Small Bowel Transit......Page 83
  D. The Brain-Gut Axis: Role of 5-HT......Page 84
 References......Page 85
 II. Origin of Serotonin in the Intestine......Page 98
   1. Small Intestine In Vivo......Page 99
   1. Small Intestine In Vivo......Page 100
   2. Small Intestine In Vitro......Page 101
   3. Effects on the Colon......Page 102
 VII. Effects of 5-HT on Absorption of Nutrients......Page 103
  A. Calcium......Page 104
  B. 5-HT2 Receptors and Phosphoinositol Metabolism......Page 105
  D. 5-HT3 Receptors......Page 106
  B. Serotonin and Gut Withdrawal from Opiates......Page 109
  D. 5-HT and the Effects of Laxatives......Page 112
 Acknowledgments......Page 113
 References......Page 114
 II. Types of Enteric Neurons......Page 122
   1. 5-HT Mimics sEPSPs in Enteric Neurons......Page 123
   2. 5-HT1p Receptors and Slow Depolarizations of Enteric Neurons......Page 124
   3. 5-HT1p Receptors Mediate Some sEPSPs......Page 126
   4. Presynaptic 5-HT1p Receptors......Page 127
   1. 5-HT1A Receptors on Myenteric AH Neurons: Membrane Hyperpolarization.......Page 128
   3. Presynaptic 5-HT1A Receptors Mediate Inhibition of fEPSPs and sEPSPs in the Myenteric Plexus......Page 129
   1. 5-HT Activates a Cation Conductance to Cause Fast Depolarizations of Enteric Neurons......Page 130
   3. 5-HT3 Receptors on Enteric Nerves are Ligand-Gated Cation Channels......Page 131
   1. 5-HT Acting at 5-HT4 Receptors Facilitates Peristalsis......Page 133
   2. 5-HT4 Receptors Mediate Presynaptic Facilitation of fEPSPs......Page 134
   4. Localization of 5-HT4 Receptors to Nerve Terminals......Page 135
 References......Page 136
 I. Gastrointestinal Afferents and 5-HT......Page 140
  B. Effects of 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists on Gastric Motility and Emptying......Page 142
  D. 5-HT3 Receptors and Visceral Pain......Page 144
 III. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Emesis......Page 145
  A. Motor and Integrative Mechanisms......Page 147
   1. Visceral Afferents and the Emetic Response to Cytotoxic Drugs......Page 148
   1. Antiemetic Effects of 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists......Page 149
   2. Release of 5-HT by Emetic Stimuli......Page 150
   3. Induction of Emesis by 5-HT3 Receptor Agonists......Page 151
   4. Location of 5-HT3 Receptors and Site of Action of Antagonists......Page 152
  D. Involvement of 5-HT4 Receptors in Emesis......Page 153
 References......Page 154
 II. Cisapride: Model of a Serotonin Agonist......Page 162
  A. Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia......Page 163
  B. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease......Page 166
  C. Gastroparesis......Page 171
  D. Constipation......Page 174
  E. Other GI Applications......Page 175
 III. Serotonin Antagonists......Page 176
  A. Nausea and Vomiting......Page 177
  B. Chemotherapy-Induced Emesis......Page 178
  C. Radiation-Induced Nausea and Vomiting......Page 179
  E. Other Uses — Case Reports......Page 180
 References......Page 181
Index......Page 188