Septuagint, Targum and Beyond: Comparing Aramaic and Greek Versions from Jewish Antiquity

Septuagint, Targum and Beyond: Comparing Aramaic and Greek Versions from Jewish Antiquity
Contents
Tables
Introduction
	1 Fresh Approaches to Septuagint/Old Greek and Targum
	2 Beyond Targum and LXX
	Bibliography
Part 1: Fresh Approaches to Septuagint/Old Greek and Targum
1 Reflecting on the Creation (בראשית): a Comparison of Genesis 1 in the Pentateuchal Targumim and the Septuagint
	1 Introduction
	2 The Targumim
		2.1 Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
		2.2 Targum Onqelos
	3 The Septuagint
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	Bibliography
2 The Passover of Egypt in Septuagint and Targum of Exodus 12
	1 Passover
	2 Rules for Cooking the Pesach Sacrifice
	3 The Prohibition of Work
	4 Draw Out a Sheep or Depart?
	5 An Unblemished Animal
	6 Firstborn of the Male Captive or Female Captive?
	7 Conclusions
	Bibliography
3 The Greek and Aramaic Versions of Joshua 3–4
	1 Introduction
	2 The Setting of the Greek and Aramaic Translations of the Former Prophets
	3 Research Questions
	4 The Hebrew Versions of Joshua 3–4
	5 The Old Greek Version of Joshua 3–4
	6 The Aramaic Version of Joshua 3–4
	7 The Greek and Aramaic Versions of Joshua 3–4
	8 Conclusions
	Appendix
	Bibliography
4 Optimal Translation in LXX and Tg. Jon. of 1 Samuel 1:1–5: Outline of a Comparative Theory of Translation Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Optimality
		2.1 Translations as Optimal Forms
		2.2 Optimality Theory as Explanatory Paradigm
	3 The Study
		3.1 Preliminaries
		3.2 The Constraint System
			3.2.1 “Change Linguistic System” vs. “Transliterate Proper Nouns”
			3.2.2 Constraints Driving Isomorphism
				3.2.2.1 Morphosemantic Correspondence
				3.2.2.2 Linear Fidelity
				3.2.2.3 Quantitative Fidelity
				3.2.2.4 Summary
		3.3 The Tableau System
			3.3.1 “Change Linguistic System” vs. “Transliterate Proper Nouns”
	4 Conclusion
	Bibliography
5 No Death without Sin on the New Earth: Isaiah 65:20 in Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic
	1 Masoretic Text
		1.1 Text and Context
		1.2 Sinning or Missing?
	2 Ancient Translations
		2.1 Septuagint
		2.2 Targum Jonathan
	3 Evaluation
	Acknowledgements
	Bibliography
6 The Old Greek of Isaiah and the Isaiah Targum: What Do They Have in Common?
	1 Introduction
	2 LXX Isaiah and Tg. Isaiah
		2.1 Lexical Choices
		2.2 Converse Translation
		2.3 Metaphorical Interpretation
		2.4 Explicitation
		2.5 Free / Interpretive Rewriting
		2.6 Exegetical Traditions
	3 Concluding Remarks
	Bibliography
7 Targum Jonathan and Its Relation to the Septuagint in the Book of Hosea
	1 A List of Agreements between lxx and Targum in Hosea
	2 Discussion
	3 A Septuagintal Pseudo-Variant in the Targum
	4 A Hebrew Variant
	5 The Origin of the Reading
	6 The Targumic Interpretation
	7 Conclusions
	Bibliography
8 The Premature Death of the Wicked in the Old Greek of Proverbs
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Multilingual Environment
		1.2 Translation Greek
		1.3 The Influence of the Aramaic Language
	3 The Fate of the Wicked in the Old Greek of Proverbs
		3.1 The Aramaic Bipolar Root חטף “to Seize”—“to Do a Thing in Haste”
		3.2 The Proximity between חתף and חטף
		3.3 Two Free Translations
	4 The Fate of the Righteous in the Old Greek of Proverbs
	5 Conclusions
	Bibliography
Part 2: Beyond Targum and LXX
9 The Septuagint and Jewish Translation Traditions
	1 The Separation between Septuagint and Targum
	2 Traditions of Jewish Translation
		2.1 Translation Activity among Jews
		2.2 The Evidence of Translations
		2.3 Implications
	3 Septuagint and Its Relation to Rabbinic Scholarly Traditions
	4 The Varying Translation Techniques
	5 Conclusions
	Bibliography
10 See God and Die? Job’s Final Words (42:6) according to His First Aramaic and Greek Interpreters
	1 The Targum of Job: Job Renounces Wealth and Is Comforted regarding His Dead Children
	2 Peshitta-Job: Job Expects to Die and Be Resurrected
	3 Old Greek: Job Expects to Die from His Original Afflictions
	4 Qumran Aramaic: Job Expects to Die of Exposure to Heat
	5 Concluding Reflections: Job’s Last Words in Aramaic and Greek
	Bibliography
11 A Comparative Study of the Translation Techniques of the Old Greek and Qumran Aramaic (4Q156) Versions of Leviticus
	1 Methodology
	2 Rendering of Nota Accusativi את
	3 The Rendering of על־פני
	4 Representation of Hebrew Pronominal Suffixes (Addition and Omission)
	5 Transposition (Word Order)
	6 Pluses in QarLev and OG Lev
	7 Lexical Substitution
	8 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	Bibliography
12 More Evidence for a Samaritan Greek Bible: Two Septuagint Translation Traditions in the Samaritan Targum
	1 Hebrew שוטר ‘Teacher, Schoolmaster’
	2 A Non-Literal Translation in Sam. Tg. Exod 15:3
	3 Excursus: Greek Words in the Samaritan Targum
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	Bibliography
13 Targum Onqelos and Rabbinic Interpretation in the Jewish Greek Translations of the Bible
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Sources of Examples
	2 Influence of Targum Onqelos and Targum Jonathan on the Judeo-Greek Bible Translations
	3 Influence of Rabbinic Literature on the Translations
	4 Concluding Remarks
	Acknowledgements
	Bibliography
14 Simeon the Just, the Septuagint and Targum Jonathan
	1 Introduction
	2 Simeon and the Septuagint
		2.1 An Unbelieving Simeon
		2.2 An Expectant Simeon
		2.3 Greek Origin
		2.4 Preliminary Conclusion
	3 Simeon the Just and Targum Jonathan
		3.1 Paul Fagius
		3.2 Pietro Colonna Galatino
		3.3 Jean Cinquarbre
		3.4 William Bedwell
		3.5 Brian Walton
		3.6 Preliminary Conclusion
	4 An Apt Identification
		4.1 Similar But Not Identical Identifications
		4.2 Simeon as an Early Trope
		4.3 Reformation
	5 Spread and Influence
	6 Conclusions
	Bibliography
Index of Ancient Sources
	1 Ancient Near Eastern Texts
	2 Hebrew Bible (and its ancient versions)
	3 Greco-Roman Authors
	4 Documentary papyri and inscriptions
	5 Second Temple Literature
	6 Dead Sea Scrolls
	7 New Testament
	8 Christian Texts (Antiquity and Middle Ages)
	9 Samaritan Texts
	10 Rabbinic Literature
Index of Modern Authors