Semitic and Indo-European: Volume II: Comparative Morphology, Syntax and Phonetics

SEMITIC AND INDO-EUROPEAN VOLUME II: COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY, SYNTAX AND PHONETICS......Page 4
PREFACE......Page 8
CONTENTS......Page 10
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ABBREVIATIONS......Page 12
6.A. Biconsonantal Roots with Two Stable Consonants......Page 20
6.B. Biconsonantal Roots with a Weak or Disappearing Consonant......Page 25
6.C. Biconsonantal Roots with Triconsonantal Manifestations......Page 35
6.D. Irreducibly Triconsonantal Roots......Page 43
6.E. Uninflected Words of One or More Syllables......Page 58
6.F. Biconsonantal and Other Roots in Afro-Asiatic......Page 69
VII STATIVE INFLECTIONS......Page 77
7.A. Prefixed or Precursory Pronouns with [E]......Page 78
7.B. Stative [E] within or at the End of the Root......Page 92
7.C. [O/a] between the First and Second Consonants of the Root......Page 111
7.D. Stative or Passive [U]......Page 120
7.E. Concluding Remarks on the Stative......Page 128
8.A. Non-thematic Verb Forms......Page 129
8.B. The Thematic Imperative......Page 133
8.C. The Thematic Imperfect......Page 144
8.D. The Cohortative [-ɔ̄]......Page 151
8.E. The 'you' Suffixes......Page 152
8.F. The Third Person Endings (-at(i)} and {-Vn}......Page 166
8.G. The Internal Vowel and the Prefixed Syllable in the Perfect Tense......Page 171
8.H. The Present Tense with Infixed -n- or Doubled Consonant......Page 178
8.I. Agent Nouns or Active Participles with [O] in the Root......Page 180
8.J. Action Nouns, Mainly Feminine......Page 202
8.K. Concluding Remarks on Verbs and Verbal Nouns......Page 211
9.A. The Accusative Singular......Page 213
9.B. The Nominative Singular and the Differentiation of Gender......Page 223
9.C. The Genitive (or Dative/locative) Singular......Page 247
9.D. The Vocative Singular......Page 250
9.E. The Dual Endings, Nominative and Genitive......Page 254
9.F. The Nominative Plural......Page 264
9.G. The Genitive Plural......Page 269
9.H. Suffixes to Express 'Son of and 'Daughter of'......Page 273
9.I. Other IE Suffixes to Form Ethnica......Page 289
9.J. The Comparative Suffix [-yon]......Page 297
9.K. Concluding Remarks on Noun and Adjective Inflections......Page 300
10.A. Attributive or Predicate Adjectives Construed with a Noun......Page 302
10.B. The Position of the Verb......Page 312
10.C. Agreement in Gender and Number......Page 322
10.D. The IE and Semitic Cases......Page 327
10.E. The Placement of Minor Words, Including Prepositions......Page 332
10.F. Two Kinds of Negation......Page 338
10.G. Prepositions Amenable to Prefixation......Page 341
10.H. Conjoined Words......Page 345
10.I. Concluding Remarks......Page 349
XI CORRESPONDING CONSONANTS......Page 351
11.A. [R] and Its Alternants......Page 352
11.B. Plosive Consonants and Their Alternants......Page 367
11.C. Velar and Labio-velar Consonants......Page 373
11.D. Labial Consonants......Page 400
11.E. Dental Plosives and Their Alternants......Page 419
11.F. Sibilants......Page 447
11.G. Consonant Groups and Metathesis......Page 467
11.H. Guttural or Laryngeal Consonants......Page 474
11.I. Chronological Remarks......Page 488
XII VOWELS AND SUPRASEGMENTAL SOUNDS......Page 492
12.A. The Vowel Triangle in Semitic and IE......Page 493
12.B. Ablaut and Accent......Page 508
12.C. Minimal or Transitional Vowels......Page 525
12.D. Poetic Meter......Page 534
13.A. 'Two bulls'......Page 545
13.B. '(So-and-so's) stolen thing'......Page 547
13.C. Twins and Young Animals......Page 551
13.D. Mother Earth and Agriculture......Page 554
13.E. Patronymics......Page 561
13.F. 'Six' and 'Seven'......Page 562
INDICES......Page 564
Index of Scholars......Page 565
Index of Languages......Page 568
Index of Grammatical or Linguistic Terms......Page 569
Index of Miscellaneous Topics......Page 572
1. Akkadian......Page 574
5. Arabic......Page 575
6. Aramaic......Page 577
8. Avestan......Page 578
13. Chinese......Page 579
22. English, with Old English (OE)......Page 580
24. Ethiopic (other than Geˤez)......Page 581
29. German (Old High German except as marked)......Page 582
30. Gothic......Page 583
31. Greek......Page 584
33. Hebrew......Page 589
40. Latin......Page 593
41. Latvian......Page 596
50. Oscan......Page 597
57. Russian (Old)......Page 598
60. Sanskrit......Page 599
65. Sumerian......Page 601
70. Ukrainian......Page 602
75. Zulu......Page 603
Index of Proper Names......Page 604
Index of English Glosses......Page 607