Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL

Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist......Page 2
2 Semantic modeling......Page 23
Preface to the second edition......Page 4
Preface to the first edition......Page 5
Acknowledgments......Page 8
About the authors......Page 10
1 What is the Semantic Web?......Page 11
Smart Web, Dumb Web......Page 12
Connected data is smarter data......Page 13
Semantic Data......Page 14
Give me a voice …......Page 16
… So l may speak!......Page 17
What about the round-worlders?......Page 18
To each their own......Page 19
There’s always one more......Page 20
Fundamental concepts......Page 21
Modeling for Human Communication......Page 24
Explanation and Prediction......Page 27
Variation and classes......Page 28
Virtues of inference-based semantics......Page 126
Equivalence......Page 32
Summary......Page 34
Naming question words in SPARQL......Page 35
Restrictions......Page 231
Distributing Data across the Web......Page 38
Merging Data from Multiple Sources......Page 42
Namespaces, URIs, and Identity......Page 43
Expressing URIs in print......Page 45
Standard namespaces......Page 47
Identifiers in the RDF Namespace......Page 48
Challenge: RDF and Tabular Data......Page 50
Higher-order Relationships......Page 52
N-Triples......Page 54
Turtle......Page 55
RDF/XML......Page 56
Blank Nodes......Page 57
Ordered information in RDF......Page 58
Fundamental concepts......Page 59
4 Semantic Web application architecture......Page 61
RDF Parser/Serializer......Page 62
Provable models......Page 336
Differentiating Multiple Individuals......Page 64
RDF query engines......Page 65
Fundamental concepts......Page 66
Concept Schemes......Page 224
Data Federation......Page 68
Using Results of CONSTRUCT Queries......Page 97
No prerequisites......Page 70
5 Querying the Semantic Web—SPARQL......Page 71
Inverse......Page 164
Relationship between schema and data......Page 136
Advanced tell-and-ask infrastructure—relational database......Page 75
SPARQL—Query Language for RDF......Page 76
Query structure vs. data structure......Page 83
Ordering of triples in SPARQL queries......Page 87
Querying for properties and schema......Page 88
Variables, bindings, and filters......Page 91
Challenge: relationship transfer in FOAF......Page 93
Negation (SPARQL 1.1)......Page 94
Yes/No queries......Page 95
Construct Queries in SPARQL......Page 96
SPARQL rules—Using SPARQL as a Rule Language......Page 98
Transitive queries (SPARQL 1.1)......Page 102
Nonmodeling Properties in RDFS......Page 108
Aggregates and Grouping (SPARQL 1.1)......Page 111
Subqueries (SPARQL 1.1)......Page 114
Union......Page 115
Assignments (SPARQL 1.1)......Page 116
Federating SPARQL Queries......Page 119
Fundamental concepts......Page 122
6 RDF and inferencing......Page 123
Open Government Data......Page 198
SPARQL and inference......Page 125
Where Are the Smarts?......Page 127
Asserted triples versus inferred triples......Page 128
Inferencing as specification......Page 131
Set Union......Page 145
Common Modeling Errors......Page 322
13 Ontologies on the Web—putting it all together......Page 197
The RDF Schema Language......Page 137
Relationship propagation through rdfs:subPropertyOf......Page 138
Differentiating individuals with owl:differentFrom......Page 140
Fundamental concepts......Page 141
Set intersection......Page 143
Property union......Page 146
Property transfer......Page 147
Challenges......Page 148
Term reconciliation......Page 149
Instance-level data integration......Page 150
Readable labels with rdfs:label......Page 151
Data typing based on use......Page 152
Filtering undefined data......Page 154
RDFS and knowledge discovery......Page 155
Summary......Page 156
Organizing vocabularies: rdfs:isDefinedBy......Page 160
Summary......Page 161
Fundamental concepts......Page 162
8 RDFS-Plus......Page 163
Challenge: integrating data that do not want to be integrated......Page 166
Challenge: using the modeling language to extend the modeling language......Page 168
Challenge: the marriage of Shakespeare......Page 169
Inferencing in the Good Relations Ontology......Page 293
owl:allValuesFrom......Page 237
Summary......Page 342
Challenge: relating parents to ancestors......Page 172
OWL 2 profiles......Page 341
Managing networks of dependencies......Page 174
Equivalent classes......Page 180
Equivalent properties......Page 182
Same individuals......Page 183
Challenge: merging data from different databases......Page 185
Functional properties......Page 188
Inverse functional properties......Page 189
A Few More Constructs......Page 192
OWL features: property characteristics......Page 194
Describing relationships in data......Page 200
Merging data with RDF and SPARQL......Page 202
Local restriction of ranges......Page 247
FOAF......Page 206
Insightful names versus wishful names......Page 207
Small cardinality limits......Page 208
Groups of people......Page 209
Things people make and do......Page 210
Identity in FOAF......Page 211
Facebook’s Open Graph Protocol......Page 213
The OGP model......Page 214
Quantities, Units, and Dimensions......Page 215
Fundamental concepts......Page 216
Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)......Page 217
Semantic Relations in SKOS......Page 220
Meaning of semantic relations......Page 222
SKOS and linked vocabularies......Page 223
Managing SKOS concept schemes......Page 225
SKOS Integrity......Page 226
Summary......Page 228
Know what you want......Page 318
owl:someValuesFrom......Page 235
owl:hasValue......Page 245
Challenge: filtering data based on explicit type......Page 249
Solution......Page 251
Solution......Page 255
Alternative Descriptions of Restrictions......Page 256
Fundamental concepts......Page 258
12 Counting and sets in OWL......Page 259
Unions and Intersections......Page 260
Enumerating sets with owl:oneOf......Page 262
Cardinality......Page 267
Qualified cardinality (OWL 2.0)......Page 270
Set Complement......Page 272
Disjoint Sets......Page 274
Prerequisites Revisited......Page 276
Counting prerequisites......Page 278
Guarantees of existence......Page 279
Contradictions......Page 280
Unsatisfiable Classes......Page 281
Propagation of unsatisfiable classes......Page 282
Inferring Class Relationships......Page 283
Reasoning with Individuals and with Classes......Page 286
Fundamental concepts......Page 288
The Good Relations Ontology......Page 290
owl:Ontology......Page 295
owl:imports......Page 296
Summary......Page 297
Converting Units with QUDT......Page 299
Metamodeling......Page 301
Dimension Checking in QUDT......Page 304
Summary......Page 307
CHEBI as Unambiguous Reference......Page 308
CHEBI for Complex Search......Page 309
Summary......Page 314
Getting Started......Page 317
Say what you mean, mean what you say......Page 319
Modeling for Reuse......Page 320
Keeping track of classes and individuals......Page 321
Rampant classism (antipattern)......Page 323
Exclusivity (antipattern)......Page 326
Objectification (antipattern)......Page 329
Creeping conceptualization (antipattern)......Page 332
Fundamental concepts......Page 333
15 Expert modeling in OWL......Page 335
Executable models......Page 337
OWL 2 Modeling Capabilities......Page 338
Multipart properties......Page 339
Multiple inverse functional properties......Page 340
Fundamental concepts......Page 343
16 Conclusions......Page 345
Frequently asked questions......Page 349
Selected Articles......Page 353
World Wide Web Consortium Publications on RDF, RDFS, and OWL......Page 355
D......Page 357
I......Page 358
O......Page 359
R......Page 361
S......Page 362
T......Page 363
Y......Page 364