Self-Powered Smart Fabrics for Wearable Technologies

Supervisor’s Foreword
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Contents
Abbreviations
1 Introduction and Literature Review
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 E-Textile Technologies
		1.2.1 Smart Textile
		1.2.2 Wearable Technology
	1.3 Piezoelectric Generators
		1.3.1 Principle of Piezoelectricity
		1.3.2 Piezoelectric Materials
		1.3.3 Piezoelectric Textile
	1.4 Wearable Piezoelectric Generators
		1.4.1 Wearable Piezoelectric Generators Based on Piezoelectric Polymers
		1.4.2 Wearable Piezoelectric Generators Based on Piezoelectric Composite
		1.4.3 Smart Wearable Market
		1.4.4 Washable Wearable Generators
		1.4.5 Degradation and Recycling of Wearable Generators
	1.5 Thesis Aims
	References
2 Materials and Methods
	2.1 Materials
	2.2 Experimental
		2.2.1 Synthesis of Graphene Oxide
		2.2.2 Preparation of PVDF/Graphene Composite
		2.2.3 Preparation of PVDF/BT Composite
		2.2.4 Nanostructured Hybrid PVDF/rGO/BT Composite
		2.2.5 Film Preparation
		2.2.6 Meltspinning Process
		2.2.7 Cold Drawing Process
		2.2.8 Poling Method
		2.2.9 Fabrication Methods
		2.2.10 Mechanical Excitation Methods
	2.3 Characterization
		2.3.1 Mechanical Properties
		2.3.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
		2.3.3 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
		2.3.4 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
		2.3.5 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
		2.3.6 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)
		2.3.7 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
		2.3.8 Raman Spectroscopy
		2.3.9 Filament Diameter Measurement
		2.3.10 Electrical Characterization
	2.4 Piezoelectric Characterization
		2.4.1 Piezoelectric Force Microscopy (PFM)
		2.4.2 Piezoelectric Constant Measurement
		2.4.3 Ferroelectric Measurements
	References
3 Triaxial Braided Piezo Fiber Energy Harvester for Self-Powered Wearable Technology
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Experimental
		3.2.1 Fibers Fabrication and Preparations
		3.2.2 PFM Test of Single PVDF Fiber
		3.2.3 Fabrication of Triaxial Braided PVDF Fibers
		3.2.4 Sample Excitation Method
	3.3 Results and Discussion
		3.3.1 As-Prepared PVDF Fiber
		3.3.2 PVDF Characterisation
		3.3.3 Effect of poling voltage on piezoelectric response
		3.3.4 Fabrication of Wearable Energy Harvesters
		3.3.5 Mechanical Energy Harvesting Performance
	3.4 Conclusion
	References
4 Wearable Electronic Textiles from Nanostructured Piezoelectric Fibers
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Experimental
		4.2.1 Fabrication of Wearable Energy Harvester
		4.2.2 Morphology and Characterization of PVDF and PVDF/BT Nanocomposite
	4.3 Wearable Energy Generator and Sensor Performance
	4.4 Conclusion
	References
5 Highly Stretchable Self-Powered Wearable Electrical Energy Generator and Sensors
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Experimental Details
		5.2.1 Nanocomposite Fiber and Coil Preparation
	5.3 Results and Discussion
		5.3.1 Morphology and Microstructures of the PVDF Nanocomposites
		5.3.2 Ferroelectric Properties of Nanocomposite Films
		5.3.3 Dielectric and Conductivity Properties of Nanocomposite Fibers
		5.3.4 Performance of Nanocomposite Coil Structures
	5.4 Application Performance of Nanocomposite Fibers
	5.5 Conclusion
	References
6 Conclusions and Future Works
	6.1 General Conclusion
	6.2 Suggestions for Future Work
	References