Self-Adaptive Software: Second International Workshop, IWSAS 2001, Balatonfüred, Hungary, May 17-19, 2001, Revised Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2614)

Self-AdaptiveSoftware: Applications
Preface
Organization
Table of Contents
Introduction to Self-adaptive Software: Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 About the Papers
		2.1 Embedded Applications
		2.2 Perceptual Applications
		2.3 Communication Protocol Applications
		2.4 Information Survivability
		2.5 Other Applications
		2.6 Self-adaptive Software Technology
		2.7 Concluding Paper
	References
Managing Online Self-adaptation in Real-Time Environments
	1 Introduction
	2 The Adaptive Mission Planner (AMP)
		2.1 Problem Structure
		2.2 Agent Responsibilities
		2.3 Predictive Deliberation Management
	3 A Simple MDP Model of the AMP
	4 Optimal Deliberation Scheduling Agent
	5 Greedy Deliberation Management Agent
	6 Related Work
		6.1 Anytime Algorithms
		6.2 Rational Metareasoning
		6.3 Design to Criteria
		6.4 Future Work
	References
An Approach to Self-adaptive Software Based on Supervisory Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Supervisory Control for Self-adaptive Software
	4 Designing with the Supervisory Control Layer
	5 Modeling and Analysis on the SVC Layer
	6 Implementation
	7 Summary, Conclusions, and Future Work
	References
Constraint-Guided Self-adaptation
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Embedded Modeling
		2.2 Design-Space Representation
		2.3 Design Space Modeling with Alternatives
		2.4 Generative Modeling
		2.5 Constraint Representation
	3 Self-adaptive System Architecture
		3.1 Modeling Paradigm
		3.2 Operation Space Exploration
		3.3 Symbolic Representation of the Operation Space
		3.4 Symbolic Representation of Constraints
		3.5 Embedding Symbolic Constraint Satisfaction
		3.6 Reconfiguration Controller
	4 Conclusions
	References
Model-Based Adaptivity in Real-Time Scheduling
	1 Introduction
	2 Soft Real-Time Computing
	3 Extending Scheduler Intelligence
	4 Model-Based Approach to Real-Time Scheduling
	5 Scheduler Operation and Adaptivity
	6 Project Status and Challenge Problem
	7 Conclusion
	References
Adaptive Agent Based System for State Estimation Using Dynamic Multidimensional Information Sources
	1 Introduction
	2 Approach
		2.1 Intelligent Agents
		2.2 Representation
		2.3 Integration
		2.4 Adaptation
	3 Related Work
		3.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
		3.2 Machine Learning
		3.3 Computer Vision
	4 Implementation
		4.1 State Representation
		4.2 Visual Agents
			4.2.1 Color Agent
			4.2.2 Stereovision Agent
		4.3 Software Architecture
	5 Results
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Confidence from Self-knowledge and Domain Knowledge
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Role of Reflection
		1.2 Interpretation Problems
	2 Objects in the GRAVA Architecture
	3 Reflective Interpreter for Self-adaptation
	4 Program Synthesis
		4.1 Compilation as Proof
	5 Uncertain Information and MDL
		5.1 Protocol for Interpreters
		5.2 Protocol for Agents
	6 Conclusion
	References
Self-adaptive Protocols
	1 Introduction
	2 Protocol Engineering
	3 Frame-Based Protocol Representation
	4 Self-adaptive Protocol Model
	5 Self-adaptive Test Suite Scenario
	6 Service Discovery Protocols as Self-adaptive Protocols
	7 Conclusion
	References
FDTs in Self-adaptive Protocol Specification
	1 Introduction
	2 FDTs in Protocol Engineering
	3 Case Study: Specification of a Self-adaptive Protocol
		3.1 M-TP Model
		3.2 Active Software Components
		3.3 Derivation of a Self-adaptive Model
		3.4 Refinement of the Sa_Control Layer Operation
		3.5 Hand-off Process
		3.6 Process Specification in SDL/GR
		3.7 Change Behavior Represented in MSC
	4 Evaluation of Models and Usage of FDTs
		4.1 Use of FDTs in Case of CFSM Model
		4.2 Mapping Self-adaptive Components to SDL and MSC symbols
	5 Conclusion
	References
Frame-Based Self-adaptive Test Case Selection
	1 Introduction
		1.1 General Overview
		1.2 Example Protocol: WTP
	2 Conformance Testing
		2.1 Basics of Conformance Testing
		2.2 Test Suite Structure (TSS) and Test Purposes (TP) for WTP
	3 Frame Representation of the Test Suite
	4 Test Case Selection
		4.1 Classification of Test Cases
		4.2 Test Case Selection Based on Test Purposes and on Protocol Implementation
		4.3 Self-adaptive Test Case Selection
	5 TTCN and Self-adaptive Testing
	6 Conclusion
	References
Model-Based Diagnosis for Information Survivability*
	1 Background and Motivation
	2 Contributions of This Work
	3 Related Research
	4 Modeling Software Computations
	5 Common Mode Failures
	6 Diagnostic Reasoning
	7 Results
	8 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Exercising Qualitative Control in Autonomous Adaptive Survivable Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Active Trust Management
		2.1 Fine-Grained Probabilistic Trust Models
		2.2 Perpetual Analytic Monitoring
		2.3 Rational Trust-Based Resource Allocation
	3 Exercising Control in Active Trust Management
		3.1 Representational Concerns about Utilities
		3.2 Qualitative Preferential Information
	4 Illustrating the Concepts
	5 Formal Tools
		5.1 Specifying Preferences and Goals
		5.2 Constructing Utility Functions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Dynamic Change in Workflow-Based Coordination of Distributed Services
	1 Introduction
	2 Requirements and Approach for Dynamic Policy Change
	3 Architecture for Dynamic Policy Change
		3.1 Application Coordination Layer
		3.2 Change Coordination Layer
		3.3 Scheduler Agent Specification
	4 Change Coordination Layer: Design and Analysis
		4.1 Design of Tracking Agent
		4.2 Design of Change Coordination Agent
	5 Analyzing Correctness of Dynamic Change Coordination
	6 Related Work
	7 Summary and Future Work
	References
SSCS: A Smart Spell Checker System Implementation Using Adaptive Software Architecture
	1 Introduction
	2 Adaptive Software Architecture
	3 Experimental Scenario
	4 SSCS Operation
	5 Measuring Adaptability
	6 Conclusions and Future Research
	References
Design Principles for Resource Management Systems for Intelligent Spaces*
	1 Introduction
		1.1 What Is a Resource Manager for a Smart Space
		1.2 Some Definitions
	2 Our Work to Date
	3 On-Demand Agent Startup - Reasoning about Absent Agents
		3.1 Why Support On-Demand Agent Startup in Smart Spaces
		3.2 Impact on Resource Management
	4 Representation
		4.1 Services not Devices
		4.2 Rich Representation -- Rich Requests
		4.3 Abstract Resources
	5 Arbitration
		5.1 Why Arbitrate
		5.2 How to Arbitrate
		5.3 Arbitration Should Allow for Clever Re-allocations
	6 Ownership of Resources over Time (Resources vs. Tasks)
	7 Third Party Resource Request Annotation
	8 Connections
	9 Special Requests
		9.1 \"Screen Saver\'\'
		9.2 Auto Upgrade
		9.3 High-Urgency Short-Term Loans
	10 Future
		10.1 Access Control
		10.2 Cooperation
	11 Contributions
	References
Adaptivity in Agent-Based Systems via Interplay between Action Selection and Norm Selection
	1 Introduction
	2 Norm Selection Guides Action Selection
		2.1 Identifying a Norm
		2.2 Norm Selection
	3 Utilitarian View of Norms
	4 BDI and Deliberative View of Norms
	5 Teaming
	6 Conclusion
	References
Probabilistic Dispatch, Dynamic Domain Architecture, and Self-adaptive Software
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Domain Architectures
		2.1 Domain Modeling
		2.2 Dynamic Object Oriented Programming
		2.3 Services Provided
		2.4 Influences from Artificial Intelligence
		2.5 Subject-Oriented Programming
		2.6 Product Lines, Scalable Libraries, and Software Generators
		2.7 Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) and AspectJ
	3 Probabilistic Dispatch
		3.1 Solution Details
		3.2 Dice Rolling Example
		3.3 Suggested Applications
		3.4 Expected Utility Dispatch
	4 Conclusion
	References
Self-modeling Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Autonomy and Intelligence
	3 Approach
	4 Terminology
	5 Architecture
	6 Sustainment
	7 Dependencies
	8 Languages and Notations
	9 Conclusions
	References
From Wetware to Software: A Cybernetic Perspective of Self-adaptive Software
	Introduction
	Considerations from Software Evolution
	Self-adaptive Software
	Managing Complexity
	The Viable System Model – A System Architecture for Complexity Management
	A Viable Architecture for Self-adaptive Software
	A Case Study in Intelligent Networked Vehicles
	Conclusions
	References
Results of the Second International Workshop on Self-adaptive Software
	1 Introduction
	2 Embedded Applications of Self-adaptive Software
	3 Other Applications of Self-adaptive Software
	4 Research Directions
	5 Patterns for Adaptivity
		5.1 Indirect Invocation
		5.2 Decision Theoretic Invocation
		5.3 Monitoring, Diagnosis and Recovery
		5.4 Blackboards for Signal Fusion
		5.5 Other Patterns
	References
Author Index