Sedimentary Rocks in the Field

Sedimentary Rocks in the Field......Page 4
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
Acknowledgements......Page 12
1.1 Tools of the Trade......Page 14
1.2 Other Tools for the Field......Page 15
1.3 Use of GPS in Sedimentary Studies......Page 16
1.4 Safety in the Field and General Guidance for Fieldwork......Page 17
2.1 What to Look for......Page 20
2.2 The Approach......Page 21
2.3 Field Notes......Page 22
2.4 Graphic Logs......Page 23
2.5 The Logging of Cores......Page 28
2.6 Lithofacies Codes......Page 29
2.7 Collecting Specimens......Page 30
2.8 Presentation of Results......Page 31
2.9 The Way-Up of Sedimentary Strata......Page 32
2.10 Stratigraphic Practice......Page 33
3.1 Principal Lithological Groups......Page 42
3.2 Sandstones......Page 45
3.3 Conglomerates and Breccias......Page 49
3.4 Mudrocks......Page 52
3.5 Limestones......Page 53
3.6 Evaporites......Page 64
3.7 Ironstones......Page 66
3.8 Cherts......Page 68
3.9 Sedimentary Phosphate Deposits (Phosphorites)......Page 70
3.10 Organic-Rich Deposits......Page 71
3.11 Volcaniclastic Deposits......Page 72
4.2 Sediment Grain Size and Sorting......Page 80
4.3 Grain Morphology......Page 82
4.4 Sediment Fabric......Page 85
4.5 Textural Maturity......Page 88
4.6 Texture of Conglomerates and Breccias......Page 89
4.7 Induration and Degree of Weathering......Page 90
4.8 Colour of Sedimentary Rocks......Page 92
5.2 Erosional Structures......Page 96
5.3 Depositional Structures......Page 101
5.4 Depositional Structures of Limestones (Including Dolomites)......Page 132
5.5 Post-Depositional Sedimentary Structures......Page 140
5.6 Biogenic Sedimentary Structures......Page 156
5.7 Geometry of Sedimentary Deposits and Lateral Facies Changes......Page 171
6.1 Introduction......Page 176
6.2 Fossil Distribution and Preservation......Page 179
6.3 Fossil Associations and Diversity......Page 183
6.4 Skeletal Diagenesis......Page 187
7.2 Palaeocurrent Measurements......Page 192
7.3 Structures for Palaeocurrent Measurement......Page 198
7.4 Presentation of Results and Calculation of Vector Means......Page 200
7.5 Interpretation of the Palaeocurrent Pattern......Page 201
8.2 Facies Analysis......Page 204
8.3 Facies Models and Depositional Environments......Page 206
8.4 Cycle Stratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy......Page 207
References and Further Reading......Page 238
Index......Page 242